Genesis — Chapter 34

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1Now Dinah, the daughter Leah had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the daughters of the land.

2When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the region, saw her, he took her and lay with her by force.

3And his soul was drawn to Dinah, the daughter of Jacob. He loved the young girl and spoke to her tenderly.

4So Shechem told his father Hamor, “Get me this girl as a wife.”

5Jacob heard that Shechem had defiled his daughter Dinah, but since his sons were with his livestock in the field, he remained silent about it until they returned.

6Meanwhile, Shechem’s father Hamor came to speak with Jacob.

7When Jacob’s sons heard what had happened, they returned from the field. They were filled with grief and fury, because Shechem had committed an outrage in Israel by lying with Jacob’s daughter—a thing that should not be done.

8But Hamor said to them, “My son Shechem longs for your daughter. Please give her to him as his wife.

9Intermarry with us; give us your daughters and take our daughters for yourselves.

10You may settle among us, and the land will be open to you. Live here, move about freely, and acquire your own property.”

11Then Shechem said to Dinah’s father and brothers, “Grant me this favor, and I will give you whatever you ask.

12Demand a high dowry and an expensive gift, and I will give you whatever you ask. Only give me the girl as my wife!”

13But because Shechem had defiled their sister Dinah, Jacob’s sons answered him and his father Hamor deceitfully.

14“We cannot do such a thing,” they said. “To give our sister to an uncircumcised man would be a disgrace to us.

15We will consent to this on one condition, that you become circumcised like us—every one of your males.

16Then we will give you our daughters and take your daughters for ourselves. We will dwell among you and become one people.

17But if you will not agree to be circumcised, then we will take our sister and go.”

18Their offer seemed good to Hamor and his son Shechem.

19The young man, who was the most respected of all his father’s household, did not hesitate to fulfill this request, because he was delighted with Jacob’s daughter.

20So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate of their city and addressed the men of their city:

21“These men are at peace with us. Let them live and trade in our land; indeed, it is large enough for them. Let us take their daughters in marriage and give our daughters to them.

22But only on this condition will the men agree to dwell with us and be one people: if all our men are circumcised as they are.

23Will not their livestock, their possessions, and all their animals become ours? Only let us consent to them, and they will dwell among us.”

24All the men who went out of the city gate listened to Hamor and his son Shechem, and every male of the city was circumcised.

25Three days later, while they were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons (Dinah’s brothers Simeon and Levi) took their swords, went into the unsuspecting city, and slaughtered every male.

26They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with their swords, took Dinah out of Shechem’s house, and went away.

27Jacob’s other sons came upon the slaughter and looted the city, because their sister had been defiled.

28They took their flocks and herds and donkeys, and everything else in the city or in the field.

29They carried off all their possessions and women and children, and they plundered everything in their houses.

30Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought trouble upon me by making me a stench to the Canaanites and Perizzites, the people of this land. We are few in number; if they unite against me and attack me, I and my household will be destroyed.”

31But they replied, “Should he have treated our sister like a prostitute?”

1And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.

2And when Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, prince of the country, saw her, he took her, and lay with her, and defiled her.

3And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel.

4And Shechem spake unto his father Hamor, saying, Get me this damsel to wife.

5And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter: now his sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until they were come.

6And Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to commune with him.

7And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heard it: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob’s daughter; which thing ought not to be done.

8And Hamor communed with them, saying, The soul of my son Shechem longeth for your daughter: I pray you give her him to wife.

9And make ye marriages with us, and give your daughters unto us, and take our daughters unto you.

10And ye shall dwell with us: and the land shall be before you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein.

11And Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren, Let me find grace in your eyes, and what ye shall say unto me I will give.

12Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give according as ye shall say unto me: but give me the damsel to wife.

13And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father deceitfully, and said, because he had defiled Dinah their sister:

14And they said unto them, We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us:

15But in this will we consent unto you: If ye will be as we be, that every male of you be circumcised;

16Then will we give our daughters unto you, and we will take your daughters to us, and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people.

17But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be circumcised; then will we take our daughter, and we will be gone.

18And their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem Hamor’s son.

19And the young man deferred not to do the thing, because he had delight in Jacob’s daughter: and he was more honourable than all the house of his father.

20And Hamor and Shechem his son came unto the gate of their city, and communed with the men of their city, saying,

21These men are peaceable with us; therefore let them dwell in the land, and trade therein; for the land, behold, it is large enough for them; let us take their daughters to us for wives, and let us give them our daughters.

22Only herein will the men consent unto us for to dwell with us, to be one people, if every male among us be circumcised, as they are circumcised.

23Shall not their cattle and their substance and every beast of theirs be ours? only let us consent unto them, and they will dwell with us.

24And unto Hamor and unto Shechem his son hearkened all that went out of the gate of his city; and every male was circumcised, all that went out of the gate of his city.

25And it came to pass on the third day, when they were sore, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city boldly, and slew all the males.

26And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem’s house, and went out.

27The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and spoiled the city, because they had defiled their sister.

28They took their sheep, and their oxen, and their asses, and that which was in the city, and that which was in the field,

29And all their wealth, and all their little ones, and their wives took they captive, and spoiled even all that was in the house.

30And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me to make me to stink among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites: and I being few in number, they shall gather themselves together against me, and slay me; and I shall be destroyed, I and my house.

31And they said, Should he deal with our sister as with an harlot?

1And Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.

2And Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land, saw her; And he took her, and lay with her, and humbled her.

3And his soul clave unto Dinah the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and spake kindly unto the damsel.

4And Shechem spake unto his father Hamor, saying, Get me this damsel to wife.

5Now Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter; and his sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until they came.

6And Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to commune with him.

7And the sons of Jacob came in from the field when they heard it: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob`s daughter; which thing ought not to be done.

8And Hamor communed with them, saying, The soul of my son Shechem longeth for your daughter: I pray you, give her unto him to wife.

9And make ye marriages with us; give your daughters unto us, and take our daughters unto you.

10And ye shall dwell with us: and the land shall be before you; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions therein.

11And Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren, Let me find favor in your eyes, and what ye shall say unto me I will give.

12Ask me never so much dowry and gift, and I will give according as ye shall say unto me: but give me the damsel to wife.

13And the sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with guile, and spake, because he had defiled Dinah their sister,

14and said unto them, We cannot do this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; for that were a reproach unto us.

15Only on this condition will we consent unto you: if ye will be as we are, that every male of you be circumcised;

16then will we give our daughters unto you, and we will take your daughters to us, and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people.

17But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be circumcised; then will we take our daughter, and we will be gone.

18And their words pleased Hamor, and Shechem Hamor`s son.

19And the young man deferred not to do the thing, because he had delight in Jacob`s daughter: and he was honored above all the house of his father.

20And Hamor and Shechem his son came unto the gate of their city, and communed with the men of their city, saying,

21These men are peaceable with us; therefore let them dwell in the land, and trade therein; for, behold, the land is large enough for them; let us take their daughters to us for wives, and let us give them our daughters.

22Only on this condition will the men consent unto us to dwell with us, to become one people, if every male among us be circumcised, as they are circumcised.

23Shall not their cattle and their substance and all their beasts be ours? only let us consent unto them, and they will dwell with us.

24And unto Hamor and unto Shechem his son hearkened all that went out of the gate of his city; and every male was circumcised, all that went out of the gate of his city.

25And it came to pass on the third day, when they were sore, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah`s brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city unawares, and slew all the males.

26And they slew Hamor and Shechem his son with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem`s house, and went forth.

27The sons of Jacob came upon the slain, and plundered the city, because they had defiled their sister.

28They took their flocks and their herds and their asses, and that which was in the city, and that which was in the field;

29and all their wealth, and all their little ones and their wives, took they captive and made a prey, even all that was in the house.

30And Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, Ye have troubled me, to make me odious to the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites: and, I being few in number, they will gather themselves together against me and smite me; and I shall be destroyed, I and my house.

31And they said, Should he deal with our sister as with a harlot?

1Now Dinah, Leah’s daughter whom she bore to Jacob, went to meet the young women of the land.

2When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, who ruled that area, saw her, he grabbed her, forced himself on her, and sexually assaulted her.

3Then he became very attached to Dinah, Jacob’s daughter. He fell in love with the young woman and spoke romantically to her.

4Shechem said to his father Hamor, “Acquire this young girl as my wife.”

5When Jacob heard that Shechem had violated his daughter Dinah, his sons were with the livestock in the field. So Jacob remained silent until they came in.

6Then Shechem’s father Hamor went to speak with Jacob about Dinah.

7Now Jacob’s sons had come in from the field when they heard the news. They were offended and very angry because Shechem had disgraced Israel by sexually assaulting Jacob’s daughter, a crime that should not be committed.

8But Hamor made this appeal to them: “My son Shechem is in love with your daughter. Please give her to him as his wife.

9Intermarry with us. Let us marry your daughters, and take our daughters as wives for yourselves.

10You may live among us, and the land will be open to you. Live in it, travel freely in it, and acquire property in it.”

11Then Shechem said to Dinah’s father and brothers, “Let me find favor in your sight, and whatever you require of me I’ll give.

12You can make the bride price and the gift I must bring very expensive, and I’ll give whatever you ask of me. Just give me the young woman as my wife!”

13Jacob’s sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully when they spoke because Shechem had violated their sister Dinah.

14They said to them, “We cannot give our sister to a man who is not circumcised, for it would be a disgrace to us.

15We will give you our consent on this one condition: You must become like us by circumcising all your males.

16Then we will give you our daughters to marry, and we will take your daughters as wives for ourselves, and we will live among you and become one people.

17But if you do not agree to our terms by being circumcised, then we will take our sister and depart.”

18Their offer pleased Hamor and his son Shechem.

19The young man did not delay in doing what they asked because he wanted Jacob’s daughter Dinah badly. (Now he was more important than anyone in his father’s household.)

20So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate of their city and spoke to the men of their city,

21“These men are at peace with us. So let them live in the land and travel freely in it, for the land is wide enough for them. We will take their daughters for wives, and we will give them our daughters to marry.

22Only on this one condition will these men consent to live with us and become one people: They demand that every male among us be circumcised just as they are circumcised.

23If we do so, won’t their livestock, their property, and all their animals become ours? So let’s consent to their demand, so they will live among us.”

24All the men who assembled at the city gate agreed with Hamor and his son Shechem. Every male who assembled at the city gate was circumcised.

25In three days, when they were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword and went to the unsuspecting city and slaughtered every male.

26They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, took Dinah from Shechem’s house, and left.

27Jacob’s sons killed them and looted the city because their sister had been violated.

28They took their flocks, herds, and donkeys, as well as everything in the city and in the surrounding fields.

29They captured as plunder all their wealth, all their little ones, and their wives, including everything in the houses.

30Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought ruin on me by making me a foul odor among the inhabitants of the land—among the Canaanites and the Perizzites. I am few in number; they will join forces against me and attack me, and both I and my family will be destroyed!”

31But Simeon and Levi replied, “Should he treat our sister like a common prostitute?”

1Dinah, the daughter of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.

2Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land, saw her. He took her, lay with her, and humbled her.

3His soul joined to Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the young lady, and spoke kindly to the young lady.

4Shechem spoke to his father, Hamor, saying, “Get me this young lady as a wife.”

5Now Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah, his daughter; and his sons were with his livestock in the field. Jacob held his peace until they came.

6Hamor the father of Shechem went out to Jacob to talk with him.

7The sons of Jacob came in from the field when they heard it. The men were grieved, and they were very angry, because he had done folly in Israel in lying with Jacob’s daughter; a thing ought not to be done.

8Hamor talked with them, saying, “The soul of my son, Shechem, longs for your daughter. Please give her to him as a wife.

9Make marriages with us. Give your daughters to us, and take our daughters for yourselves.

10You shall dwell with us, and the land will be before you. Live and trade in it, and get possessions in it.”

11Shechem said to her father and to her brothers, “Let me find favor in your eyes, and whatever you will tell me I will give.

12Ask me a great amount for a dowry, and I will give whatever you ask of me, but give me the young lady as a wife.”

13The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with deceit, and spoke, because he had defiled Dinah their sister,

14and said to them, “We can’t do this thing, to give our sister to one who is uncircumcised; for that is a reproach to us.

15Only on this condition will we consent to you. If you will be as we are, that every male of you be circumcised;

16then will we give our daughters to you, and we will take your daughters to us, and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people.

17But if you will not listen to us, to be circumcised, then we will take our sister, and we will be gone.”

18Their words pleased Hamor and Shechem, Hamor’s son.

19The young man didn’t wait to do this thing, because he had delight in Jacob’s daughter, and he was honored above all the house of his father.

20Hamor and Shechem, his son, came to the gate of their city, and talked with the men of their city, saying,

21“These men are peaceful with us. Therefore let them live in the land and trade in it. For behold, the land is large enough for them. Let us take their daughters to us for wives, and let us give them our daughters.

22Only on this condition will the men consent to us to live with us, to become one people, if every male among us is circumcised, as they are circumcised.

23Won’t their livestock and their possessions and all their animals be ours? Only let us give our consent to them, and they will dwell with us.”

24All who went out of the gate of his city listened to Hamor, and to Shechem his son; and every male was circumcised, all who went out of the gate of his city.

25On the third day, when they were sore, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword, came upon the unsuspecting city, and killed all the males.

26They killed Hamor and Shechem, his son, with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of Shechem’s house, and went away.

27Jacob’s sons came on the dead, and plundered the city, because they had defiled their sister.

28They took their flocks, their herds, their donkeys, that which was in the city, that which was in the field,

29and all their wealth. They took captive all their little ones and their wives, and took as plunder everything that was in the house.

30Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have troubled me, to make me odious to the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites. I am few in number. They will gather themselves together against me and strike me, and I will be destroyed, I and my house.”

31They said, “Should he deal with our sister as with a prostitute?”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Shechem, a Hivite prince, violates Jacob's daughter Dinah and then wants to marry her, and his father Hamor proposes a broader alliance through intermarriage between the two peoples (vv. 1-12). Dinah's brothers respond deceitfully, agreeing to the marriage only if every Shechemite male is circumcised (vv. 13-17). While the men are still recovering, Simeon and Levi attack the city, kill every male, rescue Dinah, and the rest of the brothers plunder it (vv. 25-29). Jacob rebukes Simeon and Levi for endangering the family among the surrounding peoples, but they justify their vengeance by appealing to their sister's honor (vv. 30-31).

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 34 records one of the darkest episodes in Genesis — the rape of Dinah and the violent revenge of Simeon and Levi. Jacob has settled near Shechem (33:18-19) rather than returning to Bethel as God commanded. His daughter Dinah is violated by Shechem (the prince), and her brothers respond with treacherous, disproportionate violence — massacring an entire city. The chapter shows the consequences of settling in the wrong place and the danger of unchecked anger. Jacob's passivity and his sons' brutality are both condemned.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: a daughter violated by a prince who only afterward claims to love her, a father who hears of it and simply holds his peace rather than acting, sons who answer the negotiation deceitfully by demanding circumcision as the price of intermarriage, a massacre carried out on the very day the men of the city are most vulnerable from that same circumcision, and a chapter that closes with no resolution, Jacob rebuking his sons only for the danger they have created rather than for the wrong itself
The Violation of Dinah (vv.1-4): Dinah "went out to see the daughters of the land" (v.1). Shechem "took her, and lay with her, and defiled her" (v.2). Then he "loved" her and wanted to marry her (vv.3-4). The violation is real regardless of his subsequent affection.
The Negotiation (vv.5-19): Jacob hears but "held his peace" — passive (v.5). His sons are "grieved" and "very wroth" (v.7). Hamor proposes intermarriage and land-sharing (vv.8-10). Shechem offers any bride-price (vv.11-12). The sons "answered deceitfully" (v.13): agree to the marriage if all males are circumcised (vv.14-17). Hamor and Shechem agree (vv.18-19).
The Massacre (vv.20-29): The city's men are circumcised (v.24). On the third day (when they're most sore), Simeon and Levi attack — killing every male (v.25). They rescue Dinah (v.26). The other sons plunder the city (vv.27-29).
Jacob's Response (vv.30-31): Jacob rebukes Simeon and Levi — but for pragmatic reasons (danger to himself), not moral ones (v.30). Their response: "Should he deal with our sister as with an harlot?" (v.31). The chapter ends without resolution — both the violation and the revenge are wrong.

Map & Geography

  • Shechem (v.2) — a major city in the central hill country, located in the pass between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim. A crossroads city with mixed Canaanite (Hivite) population.
  • The city's strategic location made it important for trade and governance — it later becomes Israel's first capital under Jeroboam (1 Kings 12:25).

Places on this map

  • ShechemTell Balata, Nablus, West BankIn the pass between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, the natural east-west crossing of the central hills. Abraham's first altar, Joseph's burial and Joshua's covenant renewal all happen here, which made it the north's answer to Jerusalem. Wikipedia
  • Mount EbalNablus, West BankThe bare northern side of the Shechem pass, 3,080 feet. The curses of the covenant were read from this side, facing Gerizim across the valley, in a natural amphitheatre with remarkable acoustics. Wikipedia
  • Mount GerizimNablus, West BankThe southern side of the same pass and the mountain of blessing. Samaritans built their temple on it and still worship there, which is the this mountain of the woman at the well. Wikipedia
  • CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers the violation, the deceptive negotiation, the massacre, and the moral complexity of the chapter.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Genesis 34 Summary in 5 Minutes - 5MBS
2BeLikeChrist

Genesis 34-36 | Defiling Dinah | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Simeon & Levi Murder The Men of Shechem – Genesis 34
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: how its opening chapters work as literature and how they set up everything that follows.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Genesis -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Wandering Into Danger (v.1) — Dinah goes out to see the daughters of the surrounding culture and ends up in a situation that leads to tragedy. Are there places or influences you casually wander toward that could put you in real danger?
  • A Father's Silence (v.5) — Jacob hears what happened to his daughter but holds his peace instead of acting as a father and leader in the moment. Where might your own silence or passivity be leaving a wrong unaddressed?
  • Righteous Anger, Sinful Response (v.7) — The brothers' grief and fury at their sister's violation are understandable, but the response they choose is not. When you're rightly angry about an injustice, does that anger stay righteous, or does it curdle into something sinful?
  • Sacred Things Used as Weapons (vv.14-17) — The brothers turn circumcision, a sign of God's covenant, into a deceptive tool for revenge. Have you ever used something sacred — a Bible verse, a spiritual practice, a position of trust — to manipulate rather than to honor God?
  • No One Comes Out Clean (v.30) — Jacob's rebuke of Simeon and Levi is about self-preservation, not morality, and the chapter ends with every party in the wrong. Can you still find hope that God works out His purposes even through deeply flawed people and unresolved messes?