Genesis — Chapter 4
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1And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD.
2And she again bare his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.
3And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the LORD.
4And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering:
5But unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell.
6And the LORD said unto Cain, Why art thou wroth? and why is thy countenance fallen?
7If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? and if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him.
8And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.
9And the LORD said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not: Am I my brother’s keeper?
10And he said, What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother’s blood crieth unto me from the ground.
11And now art thou cursed from the earth, which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother’s blood from thy hand;
12When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength; a fugitive and a vagabond shalt thou be in the earth.
13And Cain said unto the LORD, My punishment is greater than I can bear.
14Behold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the earth; and from thy face shall I be hid; and I shall be a fugitive and a vagabond in the earth; and it shall come to pass, that every one that findeth me shall slay me.
15And the LORD said unto him, Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And the LORD set a mark upon Cain, lest any finding him should kill him.
16And Cain went out from the presence of the LORD, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden.
17And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch.
18And unto Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methusael: and Methusael begat Lamech.
19And Lamech took unto him two wives: the name of the one was Adah, and the name of the other Zillah.
20And Adah bare Jabal: he was the father of such as dwell in tents, and of such as have cattle.
21And his brother’s name was Jubal: he was the father of all such as handle the harp and organ.
22And Zillah, she also bare Tubal-cain, an instructer of every artificer in brass and iron: and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.
23And Lamech said unto his wives, Adah and Zillah, Hear my voice; ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech: for I have slain a man to my wounding, and a young man to my hurt.
24If Cain shall be avenged sevenfold, truly Lamech seventy and sevenfold.
25And Adam knew his wife again; and she bare a son, and called his name Seth: For God, said she, hath appointed me another seed instead of Abel, whom Cain slew.
26And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enos: then began men to call upon the name of the LORD.
1And the man knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man with [the help of] Jehovah.
2And again she bare his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.
3And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto Jehovah.
4And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And Jehovah had respect unto Abel and to his offering:
5but unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell.
6And Jehovah said unto Cain, Why art thou wroth? and why is thy countenance fallen?
7If thou doest well, shall it not be lifted up? and if thou doest not well, sin coucheth at the door: and unto thee shall be its desire, but do thou rule over it.
8And Cain told Abel his brother. And it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.
9And Jehovah said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not: am I my brother`s keeper?
10And he said, What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother`s blood crieth unto me from the ground.
11And now cursed art thou from the ground, which hath opened its mouth to receive thy brother`s blood from thy hand;
12when thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee its strength; a fugitive and a wanderer shalt thou be in the earth.
13And Cain said unto Jehovah, My punishment is greater than I can bear.
14Behold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the ground; and from thy face shall I be hid; and I shall be a fugitive and a wanderer in the earth; and it will come to pass, that whosoever findeth me will slay me.
15And Jehovah said unto him, Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold. And Jehovah appointed a sign for Cain, lest any finding him should smite him.
16And Cain went out from the presence of Jehovah, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east of Eden.
17And Cain knew his wife; and she conceived, and bare Enoch: and he builded a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch.
18And unto Enoch was born Irad: and Irad begat Mehujael: and Mehujael begat Methushael; and Methushael begat Lamech.
19And Lamech took unto him two wives: the name of the one was Adah, and the name of the other Zillah.
20And Adah bare Jabal: he was the father of such as dwell in tents and [have] cattle.
21And his brother`s name was Jubal: he was the father of all such as handle the harp and pipe.
22And Zillah, she also bare Tubal-cain, the forger of every cutting instrument of brass and iron: and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.
23And Lamech said unto his wives: Adah and Zillah, hear my voice; Ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech: For I have slain a man for wounding me, And a young man for bruising me:
24If Cain shall be avenged sevenfold, Truly Lamech seventy and sevenfold.
25And Adam knew his wife again; and she bare a son, and called his name Seth. For, [said she], God hath appointed me another seed instead of Abel; for Cain slew him.
26And to Seth, to him also there was born a son; and he called his name Enosh. Then began men to call upon the name of Jehovah.
1Now the man was intimate with his wife Eve, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain. Then she said, “I have created a man just as the Lord did!”
2Then she gave birth to his brother Abel. Abel took care of the flocks, while Cain cultivated the ground.
3At the designated time Cain brought some of the fruit of the ground for an offering to the Lord.
4But Abel brought some of the firstborn of his flock—even the fattest of them. And the Lord was pleased with Abel and his offering,
5but with Cain and his offering he was not pleased. So Cain became very angry, and his expression was downcast.
6Then the Lord said to Cain, “Why are you angry, and why is your expression downcast?
7Is it not true that if you do what is right, you will be fine? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at the door. It desires to dominate you, but you must subdue it.”
8Cain said to his brother Abel, “Let’s go out to the field.” While they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him.
9Then the Lord said to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?” And he replied, “I don’t know! Am I my brother’s guardian?”
10But the Lord said, “What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground!
11So now you are banished from the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand.
12When you try to cultivate the ground it will no longer yield its best for you. You will be a homeless wanderer on the earth.”
13Then Cain said to the Lord, “My punishment is too great to endure!
14Look, you are driving me off the land today, and I must hide from your presence. I will be a homeless wanderer on the earth; whoever finds me will kill me!”
15But the Lord said to him, “All right then, if anyone kills Cain, Cain will be avenged seven times as much.” Then the Lord put a special mark on Cain so that no one who found him would strike him down.
16So Cain went out from the presence of the Lord and lived in the land of Nod, east of Eden.
17Cain was intimate with his wife, and she became pregnant and gave birth to Enoch. Cain was building a city, and he named the city after his son Enoch.
18To Enoch was born Irad, and Irad was the father of Mehujael. Mehujael was the father of Methushael, and Methushael was the father of Lamech.
19Lamech took two wives for himself; the name of the first was Adah, and the name of the second was Zillah.
20Adah gave birth to Jabal; he was the first of those who live in tents and keep livestock.
21The name of his brother was Jubal; he was the first of all who play the harp and the flute.
22Now Zillah also gave birth to Tubal-Cain, who heated metal and shaped all kinds of tools made of bronze and iron. The sister of Tubal-Cain was Naamah.
23Lamech said to his wives, “Adah and Zillah, listen to me! You wives of Lamech, hear my words! I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for hurting me.
24If Cain is to be avenged seven times as much, then Lamech seventy-seven times!”
25And Adam was intimate with his wife again, and she gave birth to a son. She named him Seth, saying, “God has given me another child in place of Abel because Cain killed him.”
26And a son was also born to Seth, whom he named Enosh. At that time people began to worship the Lord.
1The man knew Eve his wife. She conceived, and gave birth to Cain, and said, “I have gotten a man with Yahweh’s help.”
2Again she gave birth, to Cain’s brother Abel. Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.
3As time passed, Cain brought an offering to Yahweh from the fruit of the ground.
4Abel also brought some of the firstborn of his flock and of its fat. Yahweh respected Abel and his offering,
5but he didn’t respect Cain and his offering. Cain was very angry, and the expression on his face fell.
6Yahweh said to Cain, “Why are you angry? Why has the expression of your face fallen?
7If you do well, won’t it be lifted up? If you don’t do well, sin crouches at the door. Its desire is for you, but you are to rule over it.”
8Cain said to Abel, his brother, “Let’s go into the field.” While they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel, his brother, and killed him.
9Yahweh said to Cain, “Where is Abel, your brother?” He said, “I don’t know. Am I my brother’s keeper?”
10Yahweh said, “What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood cries to me from the ground.
11Now you are cursed because of the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand.
12From now on, when you till the ground, it won’t yield its strength to you. You will be a fugitive and a wanderer in the earth.”
13Cain said to Yahweh, “My punishment is greater than I can bear.
14Behold, you have driven me out today from the surface of the ground. I will be hidden from your face, and I will be a fugitive and a wanderer in the earth. Whoever finds me will kill me.”
15Yahweh said to him, “Therefore whoever slays Cain, vengeance will be taken on him sevenfold.” Yahweh appointed a sign for Cain, so that anyone finding him would not strike him.
16Cain left Yahweh’s presence, and lived in the land of Nod, east of Eden.
17Cain knew his wife. She conceived, and gave birth to Enoch. He built a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch.
18To Enoch was born Irad. Irad became the father of Mehujael. Mehujael became the father of Methushael. Methushael became the father of Lamech.
19Lamech took two wives: the name of the first one was Adah, and the name of the second one was Zillah.
20Adah gave birth to Jabal, who was the father of those who dwell in tents and have livestock.
21His brother’s name was Jubal, who was the father of all who handle the harp and pipe.
22Zillah also gave birth to Tubal Cain, the forger of every cutting instrument of brass and iron. Tubal Cain’s sister was Naamah.
23Lamech said to his wives, “Adah and Zillah, hear my voice. You wives of Lamech, listen to my speech, for I have slain a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me.
24If Cain will be avenged seven times, truly Lamech seventy-seven times.”
25Adam knew his wife again. She gave birth to a son, and named him Seth, saying, “for God has given me another child instead of Abel, for Cain killed him.”
26A son was also born to Seth, and he named him Enosh. At that time men began to call on Yahweh’s name.
Summary
Cain murders Abel out of jealousy over God's acceptance of Abel's sacrifice; sin escalates rapidly in the first family.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- The "land of Nod" (v.16) — meaning "wandering" — is located east of Eden. The eastward movement continues the pattern of departure from God's presence.
- Cain builds a city (v.17), the first mention of urbanization in Scripture. The location is unspecified, but civilization develops away from Eden.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers the two offerings, the first murder, Cain's line, and Seth's line as the line of faith.
- Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "Sin Lieth at the Door" on v.7 (MTP Vol. 5, No. 263) "Sin lieth at the door — like a crouching beast, waiting to spring. It is at YOUR door — not far away but right there. And its desire is for you — it wants to master you, consume you, destroy you. But God says: thou shalt rule over it. You are not helpless. Sin crouches, but you can conquer — by God's grace, by obedience, by vigilance. Don't open the door." Sermon: "The Blood of Abel" on v.10 (MTP Vol. 11, No. 623) "Abel's blood cried from the ground — for vengeance, for justice. But Hebrews 12:24 tells us Christ's blood 'speaketh better things than that of Abel.' Abel's blood cried 'Punish!' Christ's blood cries 'Forgive!' Abel's blood demanded justice; Christ's blood provides mercy. Both bloods speak — but Christ's speaks a better word."
Reflection
- 1. "The LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering" (v.4). God looks at the heart behind the offering, not just the offering itself. What is the condition of your heart when you worship, give, or serve?
- 2. "Sin lieth at the door" (v.7). Sin is crouching at YOUR door right now — waiting for an opportunity. Are you vigilant? Are you ruling over it, or is it ruling over you?
- 3. "Am I my brother's keeper?" (v.9). Yes — you are. You are responsible for others. Who is God calling you to care for, protect, or look after?
- 4. "Cain went out from the presence of the LORD" (v.16). The worst consequence of sin: separation from God's presence. Are you moving toward God or away from Him?
- 5. Two lines emerge: Cain's (culture without God) and Seth's (worship of God). Which line are you building? Achievement without God, or life centered on calling upon His name?