Genesis — Chapter 41
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1After two full years had passed, Pharaoh had a dream: He was standing beside the Nile,
2when seven cows, sleek and well-fed, came up from the river and began to graze among the reeds.
3After them, seven other cows, sickly and thin, came up from the Nile and stood beside the well-fed cows on the bank of the river.
4And the cows that were sickly and thin devoured the seven sleek, well-fed cows. Then Pharaoh woke up,
5but he fell back asleep and dreamed a second time: Seven heads of grain, plump and ripe, came up on one stalk.
6After them, seven other heads of grain sprouted, thin and scorched by the east wind.
7And the thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven plump, ripe ones. Then Pharaoh awoke and realized it was a dream.
8In the morning his spirit was troubled, so he summoned all the magicians and wise men of Egypt. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but no one could interpret them for him.
9Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, “Today I recall my failures.
10Pharaoh was once angry with his servants, and he put me and the chief baker in the custody of the captain of the guard.
11One night both the chief baker and I had dreams, and each dream had its own meaning.
12Now a young Hebrew was there with us, a servant of the captain of the guard. We told him our dreams and he interpreted them for us individually.
13And it happened to us just as he had interpreted: I was restored to my position, and the other man was hanged.”
14So Pharaoh sent for Joseph, who was quickly brought out of the dungeon. After he had shaved and changed his clothes, he went in before Pharaoh.
15Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream, and no one can interpret it. But I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.”
16“I myself cannot do it,” Joseph replied, “but God will give Pharaoh a sound answer.”
17Then Pharaoh said to Joseph: “In my dream I was standing on the bank of the Nile,
18when seven cows, well-fed and sleek, came up from the river and began to graze among the reeds.
19After them, seven other cows—sickly, ugly, and thin—came up. I have never seen such ugly cows in all the land of Egypt!
20Then the thin, ugly cows devoured the seven well-fed cows that were there first.
21When they had devoured them, however, no one could tell that they had done so; their appearance was as ugly as it had been before. Then I awoke.
22In my dream I also saw seven heads of grain, plump and ripe, growing on a single stalk.
23After them, seven other heads of grain sprouted—withered, thin, and scorched by the east wind.
24And the thin heads of grain swallowed the seven plump ones. I told this dream to the magicians, but no one could explain it to me.”
25At this, Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of Pharaoh are one and the same. God has revealed to Pharaoh what He is about to do.
26The seven good cows are seven years, and the seven ripe heads of grain are seven years. The dreams have the same meaning.
27Moreover, the seven thin, ugly cows that came up after them are seven years, and so are the seven worthless heads of grain scorched by the east wind—they are seven years of famine.
28It is just as I said to Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what He is about to do.
29Behold, seven years of great abundance are coming throughout the land of Egypt,
30but seven years of famine will follow them. Then all the abundance in the land of Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will devastate the land.
31The abundance in the land will not be remembered, since the famine that follows it will be so severe.
32Moreover, because the dream was given to Pharaoh in two versions, the matter has been decreed by God, and He will carry it out shortly.
33Now, therefore, Pharaoh should look for a discerning and wise man and set him over the land of Egypt.
34Let Pharaoh take action and appoint commissioners over the land to take a fifth of the harvest of Egypt during the seven years of abundance.
35Under the authority of Pharaoh, let them collect all the excess food from these good years, that they may come and lay up the grain to be preserved as food in the cities.
36This food will be a reserve for the land during the seven years of famine to come upon the land of Egypt. Then the country will not perish in the famine.”
37This proposal pleased Pharaoh and all his officials.
38So Pharaoh asked them, “Can we find anyone like this man, in whom the Spirit of God abides?”
39Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has made all this known to you, there is no one as discerning and wise as you.
40You shall be in charge of my house, and all my people are to obey your commands. Only with regard to the throne will I be greater than you.”
41Pharaoh also told Joseph, “I hereby place you over all the land of Egypt.”
42Then Pharaoh removed the signet ring from his finger, put it on Joseph’s finger, clothed him in garments of fine linen, and placed a gold chain around his neck.
43He had Joseph ride in his second chariot, with men calling out before him, “Bow the knee!” So he placed him over all the land of Egypt.
44And Pharaoh declared to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, but without your permission, no one in all the land of Egypt shall lift his hand or foot.”
45Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-paneah, and he gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, to be his wife. And Joseph took charge of all the land of Egypt.
46Now Joseph was thirty years old when he entered the service of Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph left Pharaoh’s presence and traveled throughout the land of Egypt.
47During the seven years of abundance, the land brought forth bountifully.
48During those seven years, Joseph collected all the excess food in the land of Egypt and stored it in the cities. In every city he laid up the food from the fields around it.
49So Joseph stored up grain in such abundance, like the sand of the sea, that he stopped keeping track of it; for it was beyond measure.
50Before the years of famine arrived, two sons were born to Joseph by Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On.
51Joseph named the firstborn Manasseh, saying, “God has made me forget all my hardship and all my father’s household.”
52And the second son he named Ephraim, saying, “God has made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.”
53When the seven years of abundance in the land of Egypt came to an end,
54the seven years of famine began, just as Joseph had said. And although there was famine in every country, there was food throughout the land of Egypt.
55When extreme hunger came to all the land of Egypt and the people cried out to Pharaoh for food, he told all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph and do whatever he tells you.”
56When the famine had spread over all the land, Joseph opened up all the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians; for the famine was severe in the land of Egypt.
57And every nation came to Joseph in Egypt to buy grain, because the famine was severe over all the earth.
1And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river.
2And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured kine and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow.
3And, behold, seven other kine came up after them out of the river, ill favoured and leanfleshed; and stood by the other kine upon the brink of the river.
4And the ill favoured and leanfleshed kine did eat up the seven well favoured and fat kine. So Pharaoh awoke.
5And he slept and dreamed the second time: and, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good.
6And, behold, seven thin ears and blasted with the east wind sprung up after them.
7And the seven thin ears devoured the seven rank and full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and, behold, it was a dream.
8And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.
9Then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh, saying, I do remember my faults this day:
10Pharaoh was wroth with his servants, and put me in ward in the captain of the guard’s house, both me and the chief baker:
11And we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he; we dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream.
12And there was there with us a young man, an Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard; and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams; to each man according to his dream he did interpret.
13And it came to pass, as he interpreted to us, so it was; me he restored unto mine office, and him he hanged.
14Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon: and he shaved himself, and changed his raiment, and came in unto Pharaoh.
15And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it: and I have heard say of thee, that thou canst understand a dream to interpret it.
16And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, It is not in me: God shall give Pharaoh an answer of peace.
17And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, In my dream, behold, I stood upon the bank of the river:
18And, behold, there came up out of the river seven kine, fatfleshed and well favoured; and they fed in a meadow:
19And, behold, seven other kine came up after them, poor and very ill favoured and leanfleshed, such as I never saw in all the land of Egypt for badness:
20And the lean and the ill favoured kine did eat up the first seven fat kine:
21And when they had eaten them up, it could not be known that they had eaten them; but they were still ill favoured, as at the beginning. So I awoke.
22And I saw in my dream, and, behold, seven ears came up in one stalk, full and good:
23And, behold, seven ears, withered, thin, and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them:
24And the thin ears devoured the seven good ears: and I told this unto the magicians; but there was none that could declare it to me.
25And Joseph said unto Pharaoh, The dream of Pharaoh is one: God hath shewed Pharaoh what he is about to do.
26The seven good kine are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years: the dream is one.
27And the seven thin and ill favoured kine that came up after them are seven years; and the seven empty ears blasted with the east wind shall be seven years of famine.
28This is the thing which I have spoken unto Pharaoh: What God is about to do he sheweth unto Pharaoh.
29Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt:
30And there shall arise after them seven years of famine; and all the plenty shall be forgotten in the land of Egypt; and the famine shall consume the land;
31And the plenty shall not be known in the land by reason of that famine following; for it shall be very grievous.
32And for that the dream was doubled unto Pharaoh twice; it is because the thing is established by God, and God will shortly bring it to pass.
33Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise, and set him over the land of Egypt.
34Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint officers over the land, and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous years.
35And let them gather all the food of those good years that come, and lay up corn under the hand of Pharaoh, and let them keep food in the cities.
36And that food shall be for store to the land against the seven years of famine, which shall be in the land of Egypt; that the land perish not through the famine.
37And the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants.
38And Pharaoh said unto his servants, Can we find such a one as this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is?
39And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath shewed thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou art:
40Thou shalt be over my house, and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will I be greater than thou.
41And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the land of Egypt.
42And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph’s hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck;
43And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt.
44And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt.
45And Pharaoh called Joseph’s name Zaphnath-paaneah; and he gave him to wife Asenath the daughter of Poti-pherah priest of On. And Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt.
46And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt.
47And in the seven plenteous years the earth brought forth by handfuls.
48And he gathered up all the food of the seven years, which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was round about every city, laid he up in the same.
49And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left numbering; for it was without number.
50And unto Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine came, which Asenath the daughter of Poti-pherah priest of On bare unto him.
51And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: For God, said he, hath made me forget all my toil, and all my father’s house.
52And the name of the second called he Ephraim: For God hath caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.
53And the seven years of plenteousness, that was in the land of Egypt, were ended.
54And the seven years of dearth began to come, according as Joseph had said: and the dearth was in all lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread.
55And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians, Go unto Joseph; what he saith to you, do.
56And the famine was over all the face of the earth: and Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and the famine waxed sore in the land of Egypt.
57And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn; because that the famine was so sore in all lands.
1And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river.
2And, behold, there came up out of the river seven kine, well-favored and fat-fleshed; and they fed in the reed-grass.
3And, behold, seven other kine came up after them out of the river, ill-favored and lean-fleshed, and stood by the other kine upon the brink of the river.
4And the ill-favored and lean-fleshed kine did eat up the seven well-favored and fat kine. So Pharaoh awoke.
5And he slept and dreamed a second time: and, behold, seven ears of grain came up upon one stalk, rank and good.
6And, behold, seven ears, thin and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them.
7And the thin ears swallowed up the seven rank and full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and, behold, it was a dream.
8And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh.
9Then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh, saying, I do remember my faults this day:
10Pharaoh was wroth with his servants, and put me in ward in the house of the captain of the guard, me and the chief baker:
11and we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he; we dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream.
12And there was with us there a young man, a Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard; and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams; to each man according to his dream he did interpret.
13And it came to pass, as he interpreted to us, so it was; me he restored unto mine office, and him he hanged.
14Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon: and he shaved himself, and changed his raiment, and came in unto Pharaoh.
15And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it: and I have heard say of thee, that when thou hearest a dream thou canst interpret it.
16And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, It is not in me: God will give Pharaoh an answer of peace.
17And Pharaoh spake unto Joseph, In my dream, behold, I stood upon the brink of the river:
18and, behold, there came up out of the river seven kine, fat-fleshed and well-favored: and they fed in the reed-grass:
19and, behold, seven other kine came up after them, poor and very ill-favored and lean-fleshed, such as I never saw in all the land of Egypt for badness:
20and the lean and ill-favored kine did eat up the first seven fat kine:
21and when they had eaten them up, it could not be known that they had eaten them; but they were still ill-favored, as at the beginning. So I awoke.
22And I saw in my dream, and, behold, seven ears came up upon one stalk, full and good:
23and, behold, seven ears, withered, thin, [and] blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them:
24and the thin ears swallowed up the seven good ears: and I told it unto the magicians; but there was none that could declare it to me.
25And Joseph said unto Pharaoh, The dream of Pharaoh is one: what God is about to do he hath declared unto Pharaoh.
26The seven good kine are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years: the dream is one.
27And the seven lean and ill-favored kine that came up after them are seven years, and also the seven empty ears blasted with the east wind; they shall be seven years of famine.
28That is the thing which I spake unto Pharaoh: what God is about to do he hath showed unto Pharaoh.
29Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt:
30and there shall arise after them seven years of famine; and all the plenty shall be forgotten in the land of Egypt; and the famine shall consume the land;
31and the plenty shall not be known in the land by reason of that famine which followeth; for it shall be very grievous.
32And for that the dream was doubled unto Pharaoh, it is because the thing is established by God, and God will shortly bring it to pass.
33Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise, and set him over the land of Egypt.
34Let Pharaoh do [this], and let him appoint overseers over the land, and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous years.
35And let them gather all the food of these good years that come, and lay up grain under the hand of Pharaoh for food in the cities, and let them keep it.
36And the food shall be for a store to the land against the seven years of famine, which shall be in the land of Egypt; that the land perish not through the famine.
37And the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants.
38And Pharaoh said unto his servants, Can we find such a one as this, a man in whom the spirit of God is?
39And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath showed thee all of this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou:
40thou shalt be over my house, and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will I be greater than thou.
41And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the land of Egypt.
42And Pharaoh took off his signet ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph`s hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck;
43and he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he set him over all the land of Egypt.
44And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or his foot in all the land of Egypt.
45And Pharaoh called Joseph`s name Zaphenath-paneah; and he gave him to wife Asenath, the daughter of Poti-phera priest of On. And Joseph went out over the land of Egypt.
46And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt.
47And in the seven plenteous years the earth brought forth by handfuls.
48And he gathered up all the food of the seven years which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was round about every city, laid he up in the same.
49And Joseph laid up grain as the sand of the sea, very much, until he left off numbering; for it was without number.
50And unto Joseph were born two sons before the year of famine came, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, bare unto him.
51And Joseph called the name of the first-born Manasseh: For, [said he], God hath made me forget all my toil, and all my father`s house.
52And the name of the second called he Ephraim: For God hath made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.
53And the seven years of plenty, that was in the land of Egypt, came to an end.
54And the seven years of famine began to come, according as Joseph had said: and there was famine in all lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread.
55And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians, Go unto Joseph; what he saith to you, do.
56And the famine was over all the face of the earth: and Joseph opened all the store-houses, and sold unto the Egyptians; and the famine was sore in the land of Egypt.
57And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph to buy grain, because the famine was sore in all the earth.
1At the end of two full years Pharaoh had a dream. As he was standing by the Nile,
2seven fine-looking, fat cows were coming up out of the Nile, and they grazed in the reeds.
3Then seven bad-looking, thin cows were coming up after them from the Nile, and they stood beside the other cows at the edge of the river.
4The bad-looking, thin cows ate the seven fine-looking, fat cows. Then Pharaoh woke up.
5Then he fell asleep again and had a second dream: There were seven heads of grain growing on one stalk, healthy and good.
6Then seven heads of grain, thin and burned by the east wind, were sprouting up after them.
7The thin heads swallowed up the seven healthy and full heads. Then Pharaoh woke up and realized it was a dream.
8In the morning he was troubled, so he called for all the diviner-priests of Egypt and all its wise men. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but no one could interpret them for him.
9Then the chief cupbearer said to Pharaoh, “Today I recall my failures.
10Pharaoh was enraged with his servants, and he put me in prison in the house of the captain of the guards—me and the chief baker.
11We each had a dream one night; each of us had a dream with its own meaning.
12Now a young man, a Hebrew, a servant of the captain of the guards, was with us there. We told him our dreams, and he interpreted the meaning of each of our respective dreams for us.
13It happened just as he had said to us—Pharaoh restored me to my office, but he impaled the baker.”
14Then Pharaoh summoned Joseph. So they brought him quickly out of the dungeon; he shaved himself, changed his clothes, and came before Pharaoh.
15Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream, and there is no one who can interpret it. But I have heard about you, that you can interpret dreams.”
16Joseph replied to Pharaoh, “It is not within my power, but God will speak concerning the welfare of Pharaoh.”
17Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream I was standing by the edge of the Nile.
18Then seven fat and fine-looking cows were coming up out of the Nile, and they grazed in the reeds.
19Then seven other cows came up after them; they were scrawny, very bad looking, and lean. I had never seen such bad-looking cows as these in all the land of Egypt!
20The lean, bad-looking cows ate up the seven fat cows.
21When they had eaten them, no one would have known that they had done so, for they were just as bad looking as before. Then I woke up.
22I also saw in my dream seven heads of grain growing on one stalk, full and good.
23Then seven heads of grain, withered and thin and burned with the east wind, were sprouting up after them.
24The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven good heads of grain. So I told all this to the diviner-priests, but no one could tell me its meaning.”
25Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “Both dreams of Pharaoh have the same meaning. God has revealed to Pharaoh what he is about to do.
26The seven good cows represent seven years, and the seven good heads of grain represent seven years. Both dreams have the same meaning.
27The seven lean, bad-looking cows that came up after them represent seven years, as do the seven empty heads of grain burned with the east wind. They represent seven years of famine.
28This is just what I told Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what he is about to do.
29Seven years of great abundance are coming throughout the whole land of Egypt.
30But seven years of famine will occur after them, and all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt. The famine will devastate the land.
31The previous abundance of the land will not be remembered because of the famine that follows, for the famine will be very severe.
32The dream was repeated to Pharaoh because the matter has been decreed by God, and God will make it happen soon.
33“So now Pharaoh should look for a wise and discerning man and give him authority over all the land of Egypt.
34Pharaoh should do this—he should appoint officials throughout the land to collect one-fifth of the produce of the land of Egypt during the seven years of abundance.
35They should gather all the excess food during these good years that are coming. By Pharaoh’s authority they should store up grain so the cities will have food, and they should preserve it.
36This food should be held in storage for the land in preparation for the seven years of famine that will occur throughout the land of Egypt. In this way the land will survive the famine.”
37This advice made sense to Pharaoh and all his officials.
38So Pharaoh asked his officials, “Can we find a man like Joseph, one in whom the Spirit of God is present?”
39So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Because God has enabled you to know all this, there is no one as wise and discerning as you are!
40You will oversee my household, and all my people will submit to your commands. Only I, the king, will be greater than you.
41“See here,” Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I place you in authority over all the land of Egypt.”
42Then Pharaoh took his signet ring from his own hand and put it on Joseph’s. He clothed him with fine linen clothes and put a gold chain around his neck.
43Pharaoh had him ride in the chariot used by his second-in-command, and they cried out before him, “Kneel down!” So he placed him over all the land of Egypt.
44Pharaoh also said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, but without your permission no one will move his hand or his foot in all the land of Egypt.”
45Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-Paneah. He also gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, to be his wife. So Joseph took charge of all the land of Egypt.
46Now Joseph was 30 years old when he began serving Pharaoh king of Egypt. Joseph was commissioned by Pharaoh and was in charge of all the land of Egypt.
47During the seven years of abundance the land produced large, bountiful harvests.
48Joseph collected all the excess food in the land of Egypt during the seven years and stored it in the cities. In every city he put the food gathered from the fields around it.
49Joseph stored up a vast amount of grain, like the sand of the sea, until he stopped measuring it because it was impossible to measure.
50Two sons were born to Joseph before the famine came. Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, was their mother.
51Joseph named the firstborn Manasseh, saying, “Certainly God has made me forget all my trouble and all my father’s house.”
52He named the second child Ephraim, saying, “Certainly God has made me fruitful in the land of my suffering.”
53The seven years of abundance in the land of Egypt came to an end.
54Then the seven years of famine began, just as Joseph had predicted. There was famine in all the other lands, but throughout the land of Egypt there was food.
55When all the land of Egypt experienced the famine, the people cried out to Pharaoh for food. Pharaoh said to all the people of Egypt, “Go to Joseph and do whatever he tells you.”
56While the famine was over all the earth, Joseph opened the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians. The famine was severe throughout the land of Egypt.
57People from every country came to Joseph in Egypt to buy grain because the famine was severe throughout the earth.
1At the end of two full years, Pharaoh dreamed: and behold, he stood by the river.
2Behold, there came up out of the river seven cattle, sleek and fat, and they fed in the marsh grass.
3Behold, seven other cattle came up after them out of the river, ugly and thin, and stood by the other cattle on the brink of the river.
4The ugly and thin cattle ate up the seven sleek and fat cattle. So Pharaoh awoke.
5He slept and dreamed a second time: and behold, seven heads of grain came up on one stalk, healthy and good.
6Behold, seven heads of grain, thin and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them.
7The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven healthy and full ears. Pharaoh awoke, and behold, it was a dream.
8In the morning, his spirit was troubled, and he sent and called for all of Egypt’s magicians and wise men. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but there was no one who could interpret them to Pharaoh.
9Then the chief cup bearer spoke to Pharaoh, saying, “I remember my faults today.
10Pharaoh was angry with his servants, and put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, with the chief baker.
11We dreamed a dream in one night, he and I. We dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream.
12There was with us there a young man, a Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard, and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams. To each man according to his dream he interpreted.
13As he interpreted to us, so it was. He restored me to my office, and he hanged him.”
14Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon. He shaved himself, changed his clothing, and came in to Pharaoh.
15Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I have dreamed a dream, and there is no one who can interpret it. I have heard it said of you, that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.”
16Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, “It isn’t in me. God will give Pharaoh an answer of peace.”
17Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, “In my dream, behold, I stood on the brink of the river:
18and behold, there came up out of the river seven cattle, fat and sleek. They fed in the marsh grass,
19and behold, seven other cattle came up after them, poor and very ugly and thin, such as I never saw in all the land of Egypt for ugliness.
20The thin and ugly cattle ate up the first seven fat cattle,
21and when they had eaten them up, it couldn’t be known that they had eaten them, but they were still ugly, as at the beginning. So I awoke.
22I saw in my dream, and behold, seven heads of grain came up on one stalk, full and good:
23and behold, seven heads of grain, withered, thin, and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them.
24The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven good heads of grain. I told it to the magicians, but there was no one who could explain it to me.”
25Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dream of Pharaoh is one. What God is about to do he has declared to Pharaoh.
26The seven good cattle are seven years; and the seven good heads of grain are seven years. The dream is one.
27The seven thin and ugly cattle that came up after them are seven years, and also the seven empty heads of grain blasted with the east wind; they will be seven years of famine.
28That is the thing which I spoke to Pharaoh. What God is about to do he has shown to Pharaoh.
29Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt.
30There will arise after them seven years of famine, and all the plenty will be forgotten in the land of Egypt. The famine will consume the land,
31and the plenty will not be known in the land by reason of that famine which follows; for it will be very grievous.
32The dream was doubled to Pharaoh, because the thing is established by God, and God will shortly bring it to pass.
33“Now therefore let Pharaoh look for a discreet and wise man, and set him over the land of Egypt.
34Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint overseers over the land, and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt’s produce in the seven plenteous years.
35Let them gather all the food of these good years that come, and lay up grain under the hand of Pharaoh for food in the cities, and let them keep it.
36The food will be for a store to the land against the seven years of famine, which will be in the land of Egypt; that the land not perish through the famine.”
37The thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants.
38Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find such a one as this, a man in whom is the Spirit of God?”
39Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Because God has shown you all of this, there is no one so discreet and wise as you.
40You shall be over my house, and according to your word will all my people be ruled. Only in the throne I will be greater than you.”
41Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Behold, I have set you over all the land of Egypt.”
42Pharaoh took off his signet ring from his hand, and put it on Joseph’s hand, and arrayed him in robes of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck,
43and he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had. They cried before him, “Bow the knee!” He set him over all the land of Egypt.
44Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, and without you shall no man lift up his hand or his foot in all the land of Egypt.”
45Pharaoh called Joseph’s name Zaphenath-Paneah; and he gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On as a wife. Joseph went out over the land of Egypt.
46Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt.
47In the seven plenteous years the earth produced abundantly.
48He gathered up all the food of the seven years which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was around every city, he laid up in the same.
49Joseph laid up grain as the sand of the sea, very much, until he stopped counting, for it was without number.
50To Joseph were born two sons before the year of famine came, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, bore to him.
51Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh, “For”, he said, “God has made me forget all my toil, and all my father’s house.”
52The name of the second, he called Ephraim: “For God has made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.”
53The seven years of plenty, that were in the land of Egypt, came to an end.
54The seven years of famine began to come, just as Joseph had said. There was famine in all lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread.
55When all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread, and Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph. What he says to you, do.”
56The famine was over all the surface of the earth. Joseph opened all the store houses, and sold to the Egyptians. The famine was severe in the land of Egypt.
57All countries came into Egypt, to Joseph, to buy grain, because the famine was severe in all the earth.
Summary
Two full years later, Pharaoh has two troubling dreams — seven healthy cows devoured by seven gaunt cows, and seven plump heads of grain devoured by seven withered heads (vv. 1-7). None of Pharaoh's magicians can interpret them, so the cupbearer finally remembers Joseph and recommends him (vv. 8-13). Joseph interprets both dreams as a single message from God: seven years of abundance in Egypt will be followed by seven years of severe famine, and he advises Pharaoh to store up grain during the good years (vv. 25-36). Pharaoh recognizes God's Spirit in Joseph and elevates him to second-in-command over all of Egypt, giving him a wife, Asenath, who bears him two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim (vv. 37-52). When the famine comes as predicted, Joseph opens the storehouses and sells grain to Egypt and to people from surrounding lands (vv. 53-57).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Egypt — Joseph rises from prison to Pharaoh's court. The entire chapter is set in Egypt, likely in the capital (possibly Memphis or a Delta city).
- The famine affects "all lands" (v.57) — nations come to Egypt to buy grain, including from Canaan. Egypt's Nile-fed agriculture made it the breadbasket of the ancient Near East during regional droughts.
- Joseph travels "over all the land of Egypt" (v.46) during the seven years of plenty, organizing storage in every city.
Places on this map
- EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia
- MemphisMit Rahina, EgyptAt the apex of the Nile Delta just south of modern Cairo, the point where Upper and Lower Egypt meet and so Egypt's administrative center for most of its history. Jeremiah and Ezekiel name it when they mean Egyptian power itself. Wikipedia
- CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia
- NileEgyptEgypt's only real water source, flooding every summer and leaving the silt that made the valley farmable. Because the whole country depended on it, turning it to blood was an attack on Egypt's economy and its gods at once. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers the dreams, Joseph's interpretation, his exaltation, and the Christ-typology of Joseph as savior of the world.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: how its opening chapters work as literature and how they set up everything that follows.
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Genesis -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Deflecting the Credit (v.16) — Standing before the most powerful man in Egypt, Joseph immediately says the answer isn't his own but God's. When you're in a position to shine, do you point the glory to God or quietly keep it for yourself?
- Recognized Wisdom (vv.38-40) — Pharaoh sees the Spirit of God in Joseph and entrusts him with authority over the whole nation on the spot. Have you seen God's hand use your years of hidden preparation to open a door that looked sudden to everyone else?
- Thirty Years in the Making (v.46) — Joseph stands before Pharaoh at thirty, after roughly thirteen years of slavery and imprisonment since he was first sold. Are you willing to trust that a long season of waiting is preparation rather than wasted time?
- Naming His Pain and His Fruit (vv.51-52) — Joseph names his sons in a way that credits God both for helping him move past his trauma and for making him fruitful in the very place that caused it. Can you see God doing both of those things in your own story of hardship?
- The One Everyone Must Go Through (v.55) — When the famine hits, Pharaoh sends the whole nation to Joseph for what they need to survive. Is Christ the one you turn to first when you're in need, or one option among several you try?