Genesis — Chapter 48

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1Some time later Joseph was told, “Your father is ill.” So he set out with his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.

2When Jacob was told, “Your son Joseph has come to you,” Israel rallied his strength and sat up in bed.

3Jacob said to Joseph, “God Almighty appeared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and there He blessed me

4and told me, ‘Behold, I will make you fruitful and multiply you; I will make you a multitude of peoples, and will give this land to your descendants after you as an everlasting possession.’

5And now your two sons born to you in Egypt before I came to you here shall be reckoned as mine; Ephraim and Manasseh shall be mine, just as Reuben and Simeon are mine.

6Any children born to you after them shall be yours, and they shall be called by the names of their brothers in the territory they inherit.

7Now as for me, when I was returning from Paddan, to my sorrow Rachel died along the way in the land of Canaan, some distance from Ephrath. So I buried her there beside the road to Ephrath” (that is, Bethlehem).

8When Israel saw the sons of Joseph, he asked, “Who are these?”

9Joseph said to his father, “They are the sons God has given me in this place.” So Jacob said, “Please bring them to me, that I may bless them.”

10Now Israel’s eyesight was poor because of old age; he could hardly see. Joseph brought his sons to him, and his father kissed them and embraced them.

11“I never expected to see your face again,” Israel said to Joseph, “but now God has let me see your children as well.”

12Then Joseph removed his sons from his father’s knees and bowed facedown.

13And Joseph took both of them—with Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel’s right hand—and brought them close to him.

14But Israel stretched out his right hand and put it on the head of Ephraim, the younger; and crossing his hands, he put his left on Manasseh’s head, although Manasseh was the firstborn.

15Then he blessed Joseph and said: “May the God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked, the God who has been my shepherd all my life to this day,

16the angel who has redeemed me from all harm—may He bless these boys. And may they be called by my name and the names of my fathers Abraham and Isaac, and may they grow into a multitude upon the earth.”

17When Joseph saw that his father had placed his right hand on Ephraim’s head, he was displeased and took his father’s hand to move it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s.

18“Not so, my father!” Joseph said. “This one is the firstborn; put your right hand on his head.”

19But his father refused. “I know, my son, I know!” he said. “He too shall become a people, and he too shall be great; nevertheless, his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his offspring shall become a multitude of nations.”

20So that day Jacob blessed them and said: “By you shall Israel pronounce this blessing: ‘May God make you like Ephraim and Manasseh.’” So he put Ephraim before Manasseh.

21Then Israel said to Joseph, “Look, I am about to die, but God will be with you and bring you back to the land of your fathers.

22And to you, as one who is above your brothers, I give the ridge of land that I took from the Amorites with my sword and bow.”

1And it came to pass after these things, that one told Joseph, Behold, thy father is sick: and he took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.

2And one told Jacob, and said, Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee: and Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed.

3And Jacob said unto Joseph, God Almighty appeared unto me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me,

4And said unto me, Behold, I will make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee a multitude of people; and will give this land to thy seed after thee for an everlasting possession.

5And now thy two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, which were born unto thee in the land of Egypt before I came unto thee into Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine.

6And thy issue, which thou begettest after them, shall be thine, and shall be called after the name of their brethren in their inheritance.

7And as for me, when I came from Padan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan in the way, when yet there was but a little way to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way of Ephrath; the same is Bethlehem.

8And Israel beheld Joseph’s sons, and said, Who are these?

9And Joseph said unto his father, They are my sons, whom God hath given me in this place. And he said, Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and I will bless them.

10Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not see. And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them.

11And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath shewed me also thy seed.

12And Joseph brought them out from between his knees, and he bowed himself with his face to the earth.

13And Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel’s right hand, and brought them near unto him.

14And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim’s head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh’s head, guiding his hands wittingly; for Manasseh was the firstborn.

15And he blessed Joseph, and said, God, before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God which fed me all my life long unto this day,

16The Angel which redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads; and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.

17And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him: and he held up his father’s hand, to remove it from Ephraim’s head unto Manasseh’s head.

18And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father: for this is the firstborn; put thy right hand upon his head.

19And his father refused, and said, I know it, my son, I know it: he also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations.

20And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set Ephraim before Manasseh.

21And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I die: but God shall be with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers.

22Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.

1And it came to pass after these things, that one said to Joseph, Behold, thy father is sick: and he took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.

2And one told Jacob, and said, Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee: and Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed.

3And Jacob said unto Joseph, God Almighty appeared unto me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me,

4and said unto me, Behold, I will make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee a company of peoples, and will give this land to thy seed after thee for an everlasting possession.

5And now thy two sons, who were born unto thee in the land of Egypt before I came unto thee into Egypt, are mine; Ephraim and Manasseh, even as Reuben and Simeon, shall be mine.

6And thy issue, that thou begettest after them, shall be thine; they shall be called after the name of their brethren in their inheritance.

7And as for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan in the way, when there was still some distance to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way to Ephrath (the same is Beth-lehem).

8And Israel beheld Joseph`s sons, and said, Who are these?

9And Joseph said unto his father, They are my sons, whom God hath given me here. And he said, Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and I will bless them.

10Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not see. And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them.

11And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath let me see thy seed also.

12And Joseph brought them out from between his knees; and he bowed himself with his face to the earth.

13And Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel`s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel`s right hand, and brought them near unto him.

14And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim`s head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh`s head, guiding his hands wittingly; for Manasseh was the first-born.

15And he blessed Joseph, and said, The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God who hath fed me all my life long unto this day,

16the angel who hath redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads; and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.

17And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him: and he held up his father`s hand, to remove it from Ephraim`s head unto Manasseh`s head.

18And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father; for this is the first-born; put thy right hand upon his head.

19And his father refused, and said, I know [it], my son, I know [it]. He also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: howbeit his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations.

20And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee will Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set Ephraim before Manasseh.

21And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I die: but God will be with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers.

22Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.

1After these things Joseph was told, “Your father is weakening.” So he took his two sons Manasseh and Ephraim with him.

2When Jacob was told, “Your son Joseph has just come to you,” Israel regained strength and sat up on his bed.

3Jacob said to Joseph, “The Sovereign God appeared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan and blessed me.

4He said to me, ‘I am going to make you fruitful and will multiply you. I will make you into a group of nations, and I will give this land to your descendants as an everlasting possession.’

5“Now, as for your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you in Egypt, they will be mine. Ephraim and Manasseh will be mine just as Reuben and Simeon are.

6Any children that you father after them will be yours; they will be listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance.

7But as for me, when I was returning from Paddan, Rachel died—to my sorrow—in the land of Canaan. It happened along the way, some distance from Ephrath. So I buried her there on the way to Ephrath” (that is, Bethlehem).

8When Israel saw Joseph’s sons, he asked, “Who are these?”

9Joseph said to his father, “They are the sons God has given me in this place.” His father said, “Bring them to me so I may bless them.”

10Now Israel’s eyes were failing because of his age; he was not able to see well. So Joseph brought his sons near to him, and his father kissed them and embraced them.

11Israel said to Joseph, “I never expected to see you again, but now God has allowed me to see your children too.”

12So Joseph moved them from Israel’s knees and bowed down with his face to the ground.

13Joseph positioned them; he put Ephraim on his right hand across from Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh on his left hand across from Israel’s right hand. Then Joseph brought them closer to his father.

14Israel stretched out his right hand and placed it on Ephraim’s head, although he was the younger. Crossing his hands, he put his left hand on Manasseh’s head, for Manasseh was the firstborn.

15Then he blessed Joseph and said, “May the God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked— the God who has been my shepherd all my life long to this day,

16the angel who has protected me from all harm— bless these boys. May my name be named in them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac. May they grow into a multitude on the earth.”

17When Joseph saw that his father placed his right hand on Ephraim’s head, it displeased him. So he took his father’s hand to move it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s head.

18Joseph said to his father, “Not so, my father, for this is the firstborn. Put your right hand on his head.”

19But his father refused and said, “I know, my son, I know. He too will become a nation and he too will become great. In spite of this, his younger brother will be even greater and his descendants will become a multitude of nations.”

20So he blessed them that day, saying, “By you will Israel bless, saying, ‘May God make you like Ephraim and Manasseh.’” Thus he put Ephraim before Manasseh.

21Then Israel said to Joseph, “I am about to die, but God will be with you and will bring you back to the land of your fathers.

22As one who is above your brothers, I give to you the mountain slope, which I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow.”

1After these things, someone said to Joseph, “Behold, your father is sick.” He took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.

2Someone told Jacob, and said, “Behold, your son Joseph comes to you,” and Israel strengthened himself, and sat on the bed.

3Jacob said to Joseph, “God Almighty appeared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me,

4and said to me, ‘Behold, I will make you fruitful, and multiply you, and I will make of you a company of peoples, and will give this land to your offspring after you for an everlasting possession.’

5Now your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you into Egypt, are mine; Ephraim and Manasseh, even as Reuben and Simeon, will be mine.

6Your issue, whom you become the father of after them, will be yours. They will be called after the name of their brothers in their inheritance.

7As for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan on the way, when there was still some distance to come to Ephrath, and I buried her there on the way to Ephrath (also called Bethlehem).”

8Israel saw Joseph’s sons, and said, “Who are these?”

9Joseph said to his father, “They are my sons, whom God has given me here.” He said, “Please bring them to me, and I will bless them.”

10Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he couldn’t see. He brought them near to him; and he kissed them, and embraced them.

11Israel said to Joseph, “I didn’t think I would see your face, and behold, God has let me see your offspring also.”

12Joseph brought them out from between his knees, and he bowed himself with his face to the earth.

13Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel’s right hand, and brought them near to him.

14Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it on Ephraim’s head, who was the younger, and his left hand on Manasseh’s head, guiding his hands knowingly, for Manasseh was the firstborn.

15He blessed Joseph, and said, “The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked, the God who has fed me all my life long to this day,

16the angel who has redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads, and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac. Let them grow into a multitude upon the earth.”

17When Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand on the head of Ephraim, it displeased him. He held up his father’s hand, to remove it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s head.

18Joseph said to his father, “Not so, my father; for this is the firstborn; put your right hand on his head.”

19His father refused, and said, “I know, my son, I know. He also will become a people, and he also will be great. However, his younger brother will be greater than he, and his offspring will become a multitude of nations.”

20He blessed them that day, saying, “In you will Israel bless, saying, ‘God make you as Ephraim and as Manasseh’” He set Ephraim before Manasseh.

21Israel said to Joseph, “Behold, I am dying, but God will be with you, and bring you again to the land of your fathers.

22Moreover I have given to you one portion above your brothers, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

As Jacob nears death, Joseph brings his two sons Ephraim and Manasseh to him, and Jacob formally adopts them as his own, giving them equal standing with his other sons in the inheritance (vv. 1-6). Jacob recalls Rachel's death and burial near Bethlehem before blessing the boys (v. 7). When Jacob crosses his hands to lay his right hand on the younger Ephraim instead of the firstborn Manasseh, Joseph tries to correct him, but Jacob insists he knows what he is doing, prophesying that the younger will become greater (vv. 13-19). The scene continues Genesis' recurring pattern of God's sovereign choice overturning the expected birth order.

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 48 records Jacob's adoption and blessing of Joseph's two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. This is a deathbed scene of enormous significance: Jacob elevates Joseph's sons to the status of his own sons — giving Joseph a double portion (the birthright blessing). More remarkably, Jacob crosses his hands and places the greater blessing on Ephraim (the younger) over Manasseh (the firstborn) — continuing Genesis's pattern of God choosing the younger over the elder (Isaac over Ishmael, Jacob over Esau, Joseph over his brothers). This chapter explains why there is no "tribe of Joseph" but rather two tribes: Ephraim and Manasseh.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: two grandsons formally adopted as Jacob's own sons, elevating Joseph to a double portion no other son receives, a dying man's eyes too dim to see clearly yet his hands crossed deliberately rather than by accident, Joseph's protest at the crossed hands met with Jacob's own insistence, I know it, my son, I know it, a blessing formula, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh, that becomes the standard blessing spoken over children for generations afterward, and the younger again placed above the elder in a pattern this book has repeated since Isaac and Ishmael
Jacob Recalls God's Promise (vv.1-7): Joseph brings his sons to the dying Jacob (v.1). "Israel strengthened himself" — rallying for this important act (v.2). Jacob recounts God's appearance at Luz (Bethel): "I will make thee fruitful... and will give this land to thy seed" (vv.3-4). He adopts Ephraim and Manasseh: "they shall be mine; as Reuben and Simeon" (v.5). He remembers Rachel's death near Bethlehem (v.7) — still grieving after decades.
The Blessing (vv.8-16): Jacob's eyes are dim (v.10) — echoing Isaac's blindness (27:1). But unlike Isaac, Jacob blesses "wittingly" — deliberately (v.14). Joseph positions Manasseh at Jacob's right hand (the place of greater blessing), but Jacob crosses his hands, placing his right on Ephraim's head (vv.13-14). The blessing itself (vv.15-16) is trinitarian in structure: "God, before whom my fathers... did walk" — "the God which fed me all my life long" — "the Angel which redeemed me from all evil."
The Crossed Hands (vv.17-20): Joseph objects — "Not so, my father" (v.18). Jacob refuses: "I know it, my son, I know it" (v.19). This is not senility but prophecy. Ephraim will be greater than Manasseh — fulfilled in Joshua's time and beyond. "In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh" (v.20) — a blessing formula used to this day.
Jacob's Final Words to Joseph (vv.21-22): "God shall be with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers" (v.21). Jacob gives Joseph "one portion above thy brethren" — Hebrew "shechem" — possibly referring to the plot at Shechem (John 4:5) (v.22).

Map & Geography

  • The setting remains Egypt (Goshen region), but the blessings look forward to Canaan — the land promise is central to Jacob's adoption of Ephraim and Manasseh.
  • Shechem (v.22) — Jacob gives Joseph a "portion" (Hebrew "shechem") above his brothers, likely referring to the plot of land purchased in 33:19. Joseph's bones are later buried here (Joshua 24:32).

Places on this map

  • EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia
  • CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia
  • ShechemTell Balata, Nablus, West BankIn the pass between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, the natural east-west crossing of the central hills. Abraham's first altar, Joseph's burial and Joshua's covenant renewal all happen here, which made it the north's answer to Jerusalem. Wikipedia
  • Gosheneastern Nile Delta, EgyptThe eastern Delta, well watered grazing country on the edge of Egypt rather than in its heart, which is exactly why shepherds were settled there and could stay distinct. Wikipedia
  • Ephraimcentral West BankThe central hill country north of Benjamin, the largest and best watered of the northern territories. It dominated the north so thoroughly that the prophets use Ephraim to mean the whole northern kingdom. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the crossed hands as deliberate prophetic action, the trinitarian structure of the blessing, and the double portion given to Joseph through his sons.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Forgetfulness & Fruitfulness - Genesis 41-51-52
David Guzik

Genesis 46-50 | God Intends Good | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Jacob Blesses Joseph’s Sons – Genesis 48
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: how its opening chapters work as literature and how they set up everything that follows.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Genesis -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Exceeding What Was Hoped For (v.11) — Jacob admits he never expected to see Joseph's face again, yet God let him live to see Joseph's children too. Where has God exceeded what you dared to hope for?
  • Blessing on God's Terms (v.14) — Jacob deliberately crosses his hands to give the greater blessing to Ephraim, the younger son, ahead of Manasseh, the firstborn. Are you willing to accept God's blessing coming in an order or shape you didn't choose?
  • A Lifetime of Shepherding (v.15) — Looking back over his whole life, Jacob testifies that God shepherded him every day of it, hard years included. Can you say the same about your own life so far?
  • A Personally Known Redeemer (v.16) — Jacob names the one who has redeemed him from all evil, describing a deeply personal relationship rather than an inherited belief. Is your faith your own lived experience of God's rescue, or something you've only heard about secondhand?
  • Faith for a Future You Won't See (v.21) — Jacob's dying words to Joseph look forward in faith to God's continuing presence and the family's eventual return to the promised land. What legacy of faith, rather than fear, are you leaving for those who come after you?