Genesis — Chapter 48

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1And it came to pass after these things, that one told Joseph, Behold, thy father is sick: and he took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.

2And one told Jacob, and said, Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee: and Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed.

3And Jacob said unto Joseph, God Almighty appeared unto me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me,

4And said unto me, Behold, I will make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee a multitude of people; and will give this land to thy seed after thee for an everlasting possession.

5And now thy two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, which were born unto thee in the land of Egypt before I came unto thee into Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine.

6And thy issue, which thou begettest after them, shall be thine, and shall be called after the name of their brethren in their inheritance.

7And as for me, when I came from Padan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan in the way, when yet there was but a little way to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way of Ephrath; the same is Bethlehem.

8And Israel beheld Joseph’s sons, and said, Who are these?

9And Joseph said unto his father, They are my sons, whom God hath given me in this place. And he said, Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and I will bless them.

10Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not see. And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them.

11And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath shewed me also thy seed.

12And Joseph brought them out from between his knees, and he bowed himself with his face to the earth.

13And Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel’s right hand, and brought them near unto him.

14And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim’s head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh’s head, guiding his hands wittingly; for Manasseh was the firstborn.

15And he blessed Joseph, and said, God, before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God which fed me all my life long unto this day,

16The Angel which redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads; and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.

17And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him: and he held up his father’s hand, to remove it from Ephraim’s head unto Manasseh’s head.

18And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father: for this is the firstborn; put thy right hand upon his head.

19And his father refused, and said, I know it, my son, I know it: he also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations.

20And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set Ephraim before Manasseh.

21And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I die: but God shall be with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers.

22Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.

1And it came to pass after these things, that one said to Joseph, Behold, thy father is sick: and he took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.

2And one told Jacob, and said, Behold, thy son Joseph cometh unto thee: and Israel strengthened himself, and sat upon the bed.

3And Jacob said unto Joseph, God Almighty appeared unto me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me,

4and said unto me, Behold, I will make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee a company of peoples, and will give this land to thy seed after thee for an everlasting possession.

5And now thy two sons, who were born unto thee in the land of Egypt before I came unto thee into Egypt, are mine; Ephraim and Manasseh, even as Reuben and Simeon, shall be mine.

6And thy issue, that thou begettest after them, shall be thine; they shall be called after the name of their brethren in their inheritance.

7And as for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan in the way, when there was still some distance to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way to Ephrath (the same is Beth-lehem).

8And Israel beheld Joseph`s sons, and said, Who are these?

9And Joseph said unto his father, They are my sons, whom God hath given me here. And he said, Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and I will bless them.

10Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he could not see. And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them.

11And Israel said unto Joseph, I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath let me see thy seed also.

12And Joseph brought them out from between his knees; and he bowed himself with his face to the earth.

13And Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel`s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel`s right hand, and brought them near unto him.

14And Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it upon Ephraim`s head, who was the younger, and his left hand upon Manasseh`s head, guiding his hands wittingly; for Manasseh was the first-born.

15And he blessed Joseph, and said, The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac did walk, the God who hath fed me all my life long unto this day,

16the angel who hath redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads; and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.

17And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him: and he held up his father`s hand, to remove it from Ephraim`s head unto Manasseh`s head.

18And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father; for this is the first-born; put thy right hand upon his head.

19And his father refused, and said, I know [it], my son, I know [it]. He also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: howbeit his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations.

20And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee will Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set Ephraim before Manasseh.

21And Israel said unto Joseph, Behold, I die: but God will be with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers.

22Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.

1After these things Joseph was told, “Your father is weakening.” So he took his two sons Manasseh and Ephraim with him.

2When Jacob was told, “Your son Joseph has just come to you,” Israel regained strength and sat up on his bed.

3Jacob said to Joseph, “The Sovereign God appeared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan and blessed me.

4He said to me, ‘I am going to make you fruitful and will multiply you. I will make you into a group of nations, and I will give this land to your descendants as an everlasting possession.’

5“Now, as for your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you in Egypt, they will be mine. Ephraim and Manasseh will be mine just as Reuben and Simeon are.

6Any children that you father after them will be yours; they will be listed under the names of their brothers in their inheritance.

7But as for me, when I was returning from Paddan, Rachel died—to my sorrow—in the land of Canaan. It happened along the way, some distance from Ephrath. So I buried her there on the way to Ephrath” (that is, Bethlehem).

8When Israel saw Joseph’s sons, he asked, “Who are these?”

9Joseph said to his father, “They are the sons God has given me in this place.” His father said, “Bring them to me so I may bless them.”

10Now Israel’s eyes were failing because of his age; he was not able to see well. So Joseph brought his sons near to him, and his father kissed them and embraced them.

11Israel said to Joseph, “I never expected to see you again, but now God has allowed me to see your children too.”

12So Joseph moved them from Israel’s knees and bowed down with his face to the ground.

13Joseph positioned them; he put Ephraim on his right hand across from Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh on his left hand across from Israel’s right hand. Then Joseph brought them closer to his father.

14Israel stretched out his right hand and placed it on Ephraim’s head, although he was the younger. Crossing his hands, he put his left hand on Manasseh’s head, for Manasseh was the firstborn.

15Then he blessed Joseph and said, “May the God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked— the God who has been my shepherd all my life long to this day,

16the angel who has protected me from all harm— bless these boys. May my name be named in them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac. May they grow into a multitude on the earth.”

17When Joseph saw that his father placed his right hand on Ephraim’s head, it displeased him. So he took his father’s hand to move it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s head.

18Joseph said to his father, “Not so, my father, for this is the firstborn. Put your right hand on his head.”

19But his father refused and said, “I know, my son, I know. He too will become a nation and he too will become great. In spite of this, his younger brother will be even greater and his descendants will become a multitude of nations.”

20So he blessed them that day, saying, “By you will Israel bless, saying, ‘May God make you like Ephraim and Manasseh.’” Thus he put Ephraim before Manasseh.

21Then Israel said to Joseph, “I am about to die, but God will be with you and will bring you back to the land of your fathers.

22As one who is above your brothers, I give to you the mountain slope, which I took from the Amorites with my sword and my bow.”

1After these things, someone said to Joseph, “Behold, your father is sick.” He took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.

2Someone told Jacob, and said, “Behold, your son Joseph comes to you,” and Israel strengthened himself, and sat on the bed.

3Jacob said to Joseph, “God Almighty appeared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me,

4and said to me, ‘Behold, I will make you fruitful, and multiply you, and I will make of you a company of peoples, and will give this land to your offspring after you for an everlasting possession.’

5Now your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you into Egypt, are mine; Ephraim and Manasseh, even as Reuben and Simeon, will be mine.

6Your issue, whom you become the father of after them, will be yours. They will be called after the name of their brothers in their inheritance.

7As for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan on the way, when there was still some distance to come to Ephrath, and I buried her there on the way to Ephrath (also called Bethlehem).”

8Israel saw Joseph’s sons, and said, “Who are these?”

9Joseph said to his father, “They are my sons, whom God has given me here.” He said, “Please bring them to me, and I will bless them.”

10Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he couldn’t see. He brought them near to him; and he kissed them, and embraced them.

11Israel said to Joseph, “I didn’t think I would see your face, and behold, God has let me see your offspring also.”

12Joseph brought them out from between his knees, and he bowed himself with his face to the earth.

13Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel’s left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel’s right hand, and brought them near to him.

14Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it on Ephraim’s head, who was the younger, and his left hand on Manasseh’s head, guiding his hands knowingly, for Manasseh was the firstborn.

15He blessed Joseph, and said, “The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked, the God who has fed me all my life long to this day,

16the angel who has redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads, and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac. Let them grow into a multitude upon the earth.”

17When Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand on the head of Ephraim, it displeased him. He held up his father’s hand, to remove it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s head.

18Joseph said to his father, “Not so, my father; for this is the firstborn; put your right hand on his head.”

19His father refused, and said, “I know, my son, I know. He also will become a people, and he also will be great. However, his younger brother will be greater than he, and his offspring will become a multitude of nations.”

20He blessed them that day, saying, “In you will Israel bless, saying, ‘God make you as Ephraim and as Manasseh’” He set Ephraim before Manasseh.

21Israel said to Joseph, “Behold, I am dying, but God will be with you, and bring you again to the land of your fathers.

22Moreover I have given to you one portion above your brothers, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Jacob adopts Joseph's sons Ephraim and Manasseh, crossing his hands to give the greater blessing to the younger — God's pattern of sovereign choice.

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 48 records Jacob's adoption and blessing of Joseph's two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. This is a deathbed scene of enormous significance: Jacob elevates Joseph's sons to the status of his own sons — giving Joseph a double portion (the birthright blessing). More remarkably, Jacob crosses his hands and places the greater blessing on Ephraim (the younger) over Manasseh (the firstborn) — continuing Genesis's pattern of God choosing the younger over the elder (Isaac over Ishmael, Jacob over Esau, Joseph over his brothers). This chapter explains why there is no "tribe of Joseph" but rather two tribes: Ephraim and Manasseh.
Jacob Recalls God's Promise (vv.1-7): Joseph brings his sons to the dying Jacob (v.1). "Israel strengthened himself" — rallying for this important act (v.2). Jacob recounts God's appearance at Luz (Bethel): "I will make thee fruitful... and will give this land to thy seed" (vv.3-4). He adopts Ephraim and Manasseh: "they shall be mine; as Reuben and Simeon" (v.5). He remembers Rachel's death near Bethlehem (v.7) — still grieving after decades.
The Blessing (vv.8-16): Jacob's eyes are dim (v.10) — echoing Isaac's blindness (27:1). But unlike Isaac, Jacob blesses "wittingly" — deliberately (v.14). Joseph positions Manasseh at Jacob's right hand (the place of greater blessing), but Jacob crosses his hands, placing his right on Ephraim's head (vv.13-14). The blessing itself (vv.15-16) is trinitarian in structure: "God, before whom my fathers... did walk" — "the God which fed me all my life long" — "the Angel which redeemed me from all evil."
The Crossed Hands (vv.17-20): Joseph objects — "Not so, my father" (v.18). Jacob refuses: "I know it, my son, I know it" (v.19). This is not senility but prophecy. Ephraim will be greater than Manasseh — fulfilled in Joshua's time and beyond. "In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh" (v.20) — a blessing formula used to this day.
Jacob's Final Words to Joseph (vv.21-22): "God shall be with you, and bring you again unto the land of your fathers" (v.21). Jacob gives Joseph "one portion above thy brethren" — Hebrew "shechem" — possibly referring to the plot at Shechem (John 4:5) (v.22).

Map & Geography

  • The setting remains Egypt (Goshen region), but the blessings look forward to Canaan — the land promise is central to Jacob's adoption of Ephraim and Manasseh.
  • Shechem (v.22) — Jacob gives Joseph a "portion" (Hebrew "shechem") above his brothers, likely referring to the plot of land purchased in 33:19. Joseph's bones are later buried here (Joshua 24:32).

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the crossed hands as deliberate prophetic action, the trinitarian structure of the blessing, and the double portion given to Joseph through his sons.
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "The Angel-Redeemer" on v.16 (MTP Vol. 27, No. 1621) "The Angel which REDEEMED me from all evil — Jacob calls upon God, and then calls upon the Angel as equal to God. This Angel is no created being — He REDEEMS. Only God redeems. This is the Angel of the LORD — the pre-incarnate Christ — who wrestled with Jacob at Peniel, who appeared to Abraham at Mamre, who will one day take flesh and redeem not just Jacob but all who trust in Him. Jacob's dying breath invokes Father, Shepherd- God, and Redeeming Angel — the Trinity in seed form. And his crossed hands? They picture the cross itself — where God's blessing comes not by human arrangement but by divine reversal."

Reflection

  • 1. "The God which fed me all my life long unto this day" (v.15). At the end of his life, Jacob testifies: God shepherded me through everything. Can you look back and say the same? Even through the "few and evil" days?
  • 2. "The Angel which redeemed me from all evil" (v.16). Jacob knew a personal Redeemer. Do you? Not just theology about God but personal experience of His redemption in your life?
  • 3. Jacob crossed his hands "wittingly" (v.14). God's blessings often come in unexpected ways — the younger over the elder, the cross over the crown. Are you willing to receive God's blessing His way, not yours?
  • 4. "I had not thought to see thy face: and, lo, God hath shewed me also thy seed" (v.11). God exceeded Jacob's hopes. He expected never to see Joseph again — now he blesses Joseph's children. God does "exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think" (Ephesians 3:20).
  • 5. "God shall be with you, and bring you again" (v.21). Jacob's dying words are faith, not fear. He looks forward to what God will do after he's gone. What legacy of faith are you leaving?