Genesis — Chapter 35

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1Then God said to Jacob, “Arise, go up to Bethel, and settle there. Build an altar there to the God who appeared to you when you fled from your brother Esau.”

2So Jacob told his household and all who were with him, “Get rid of the foreign gods that are among you. Purify yourselves and change your garments.

3Then let us arise and go to Bethel. I will build an altar there to God, who answered me in my day of distress. He has been with me wherever I have gone.”

4So they gave Jacob all their foreign gods and all their earrings, and Jacob buried them under the oak near Shechem.

5As they set out, a terror from God fell over the surrounding cities, so that they did not pursue Jacob’s sons.

6So Jacob and everyone with him arrived in Luz (that is, Bethel) in the land of Canaan.

7There Jacob built an altar, and he called that place El-bethel, because it was there that God had revealed Himself to Jacob as he fled from his brother.

8Now Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, died and was buried under the oak below Bethel. So Jacob named it Allon-bacuth.

9After Jacob had returned from Paddan-aram, God appeared to him again and blessed him.

10And God said to him, “Though your name is Jacob, you will no longer be called Jacob. Instead, your name will be Israel.” So God named him Israel.

11And God told him, “I am God Almighty. Be fruitful and multiply. A nation—even a company of nations—shall come from you, and kings shall descend from you.

12The land that I gave to Abraham and Isaac I will give to you, and I will give this land to your descendants after you.”

13Then God went up from the place where He had spoken with him.

14So Jacob set up a pillar in the place where God had spoken with him—a stone marker—and he poured out a drink offering on it and anointed it with oil.

15Jacob called the place where God had spoken with him Bethel.

16Later, they set out from Bethel, and while they were still some distance from Ephrath, Rachel began to give birth, and her labor was difficult.

17During her severe labor, the midwife said to her, “Do not be afraid, for you are having another son.”

18And with her last breath—for she was dying—she named him Ben-oni. But his father called him Benjamin.

19So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).

20Jacob set up a pillar on her grave; it marks Rachel’s tomb to this day.

21Israel again set out and pitched his tent beyond the Tower of Eder.

22While Israel was living in that region, Reuben went in and slept with his father’s concubine Bilhah, and Israel heard about it. Jacob had twelve sons:

23The sons of Leah were Reuben the firstborn of Jacob, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.

24The sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin.

25The sons of Rachel’s maidservant Bilhah were Dan and Naphtali.

26And the sons of Leah’s maidservant Zilpah were Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob, who were born to him in Paddan-aram.

27Jacob returned to his father Isaac at Mamre, near Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had stayed.

28And Isaac lived 180 years.

29Then he breathed his last and died and was gathered to his people, old and full of years. And his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.

1And God said unto Jacob, Arise, go up to Bethel, and dwell there: and make there an altar unto God, that appeared unto thee when thou fleddest from the face of Esau thy brother.

2Then Jacob said unto his household, and to all that were with him, Put away the strange gods that are among you, and be clean, and change your garments:

3And let us arise, and go up to Bethel; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went.

4And they gave unto Jacob all the strange gods which were in their hand, and all their earrings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

5And they journeyed: and the terror of God was upon the cities that were round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Jacob.

6So Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of Canaan, that is, Bethel, he and all the people that were with him.

7And he built there an altar, and called the place El-beth-el: because there God appeared unto him, when he fled from the face of his brother.

8But Deborah Rebekah’s nurse died, and she was buried beneath Bethel under an oak: and the name of it was called Allon-bachuth.

9And God appeared unto Jacob again, when he came out of Padan-aram, and blessed him.

10And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob: thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his name Israel.

11And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins;

12And the land which I gave Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee will I give the land.

13And God went up from him in the place where he talked with him.

14And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he talked with him, even a pillar of stone: and he poured a drink offering thereon, and he poured oil thereon.

15And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, Bethel.

16And they journeyed from Bethel; and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour.

17And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also.

18And it came to pass, as her soul was in departing, (for she died) that she called his name Ben-oni: but his father called him Benjamin.

19And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem.

20And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave: that is the pillar of Rachel’s grave unto this day.

21And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond the tower of Edar.

22And it came to pass, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father’s concubine: and Israel heard it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve:

23The sons of Leah; Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun:

24The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and Benjamin:

25And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s handmaid; Dan, and Naphtali:

26And the sons of Zilpah, Leah’s handmaid; Gad, and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to him in Padan-aram.

27And Jacob came unto Isaac his father unto Mamre, unto the city of Arbah, which is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac sojourned.

28And the days of Isaac were an hundred and fourscore years.

29And Isaac gave up the ghost, and died, and was gathered unto his people, being old and full of days: and his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.

1And God said unto Jacob, Arise, go up to Beth-el, and dwell there: and make there an altar unto God, who appeared unto thee when thou fleddest from the face of Esau thy brother.

2Then Jacob said unto his household, and to all that were with him, Put away the foreign gods that are among you, and purify yourselves, and change your garments:

3and let us arise, and go up to Beth-el; and I will make there an altar unto God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way which I went.

4And they gave unto Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hand, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

5And they journeyed: and a terror of God was upon the cities that were round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Jacob.

6So Jacob came to Luz, which is in the land of Canaan (the same is Beth-el), he and all the people that were with him.

7And he built there an altar, and called the place El-beth-el; because there God was revealed unto him, when he fled from the face of his brother.

8And Deborah Rebekah`s nurse died, and she was buried below Beth-el under the oak: and the name of it was called Allon-bacuth.

9And God appeared unto Jacob again, when he came from Paddan-aram, and blessed him.

10And God said unto him, Thy name is Jacob: thy name shall not be called any more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name: and he called his name Israel.

11And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins;

12and the land which I gave unto Abraham and Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to thy seed after thee will I give the land.

13And God went up from him in the place where he spake with him.

14And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he spake with him, a pillar of stone: and he poured out a drink-offering thereon, and poured oil thereon.

15And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, Beth-el.

16And they journeyed from Beth-el; and there was still some distance to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labor.

17And it came to pass, when she was in hard labor, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; for now thou shalt have another son.

18And it came to pass, as her soul was departing (for she died), that she called his name Ben-oni: but his father called him Benjamin.

19And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath (the same is Beth-lehem).

20And Jacob set up a pillar upon her grave: the same is the Pillar of Rachel`s grave unto this day.

21And Israel journeyed, and spread his tent beyond the tower of Eder.

22And it came to pass, while Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father`s concubine: and Israel heard of it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve:

23The sons of Leah: Reuben, Jacob`s first-born, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun;

24the sons of Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin;

25and the sons of Bilhah, Rachel`s handmaid: Dan and Naphtali;

26and the sons of Zilpah, Leah`s handmaid: Gad and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, that were born to him in Paddan-aram.

27And Jacob came unto Isaac his father to Mamre, to Kiriath-arba (the same is Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac sojourned.

28And the days of Isaac were a hundred and fourscore years.

29And Isaac gave up the ghost, and died, and was gathered unto his people, old and full of days: and Esau and Jacob his sons buried him.

1Then God said to Jacob, “Go up at once to Bethel and live there. Make an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you fled from your brother Esau.”

2So Jacob told his household and all who were with him, “Get rid of the foreign gods you have among you. Purify yourselves and change your clothes.

3Let us go up at once to Bethel. Then I will make an altar there to God, who responded to me in my time of distress and has been with me wherever I went.”

4So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods that were in their possession and the rings that were in their ears. Jacob buried them under the oak near Shechem

5and they started on their journey. The surrounding cities were afraid of God, and they did not pursue the sons of Jacob.

6Jacob and all those who were with him arrived at Luz (that is, Bethel) in the land of Canaan.

7He built an altar there and named the place El Bethel because there God had revealed himself to him when he was fleeing from his brother.

8(Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, died and was buried under the oak below Bethel; thus it was named Oak of Weeping.)

9God appeared to Jacob again after he returned from Paddan Aram and blessed him.

10God said to him, “Your name is Jacob, but your name will no longer be called Jacob; Israel will be your name.” So God named him Israel.

11Then God said to him, “I am the Sovereign God. Be fruitful and multiply! A nation—even a company of nations—will descend from you; kings will be among your descendants!

12The land I gave to Abraham and Isaac I will give to you. To your descendants I will also give this land.”

13Then God went up from the place where he spoke with him.

14So Jacob set up a sacred stone pillar in the place where God spoke with him. He poured out a drink offering on it, and then he poured oil on it.

15Jacob named the place where God spoke with him Bethel.

16They traveled on from Bethel, and when Ephrath was still some distance away, Rachel went into labor—and her labor was hard.

17When her labor was at its hardest, the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid, for you are having another son.”

18With her dying breath, she named him Ben Oni. But his father called him Benjamin instead.

19So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem).

20Jacob set up a marker over her grave; it is the Marker of Rachel’s Grave to this day.

21Then Israel traveled on and pitched his tent beyond Migdal Eder.

22While Israel was living in that land, Reuben went to bed with Bilhah, his father’s concubine, and Israel heard about it.Jacob had twelve sons:

23The sons of Leah were Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, as well as Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.

24The sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin.

25The sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s servant, were Dan and Naphtali.

26The sons of Zilpah, Leah’s servant, were Gad and Asher.These were the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan Aram.

27So Jacob came back to his father Isaac in Mamre, to Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had stayed.

28Isaac lived to be 180 years old.

29Then Isaac breathed his last and joined his ancestors. He died an old man who had lived a full life. His sons Esau and Jacob buried him.

1God said to Jacob, “Arise, go up to Bethel, and live there. Make there an altar to God, who appeared to you when you fled from the face of Esau your brother.”

2Then Jacob said to his household, and to all who were with him, “Put away the foreign gods that are among you, purify yourselves, change your garments.

3Let us arise, and go up to Bethel. I will make there an altar to God, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me on the way which I went.”

4They gave to Jacob all the foreign gods which were in their hands, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem.

5They traveled, and a terror of God was on the cities that were around them, and they didn’t pursue the sons of Jacob.

6So Jacob came to Luz (that is, Bethel), which is in the land of Canaan, he and all the people who were with him.

7He built an altar there, and called the place El Beth El; because there God was revealed to him, when he fled from the face of his brother.

8Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, died, and she was buried below Bethel under the oak; and its name was called Allon Bacuth.

9God appeared to Jacob again, when he came from Paddan Aram, and blessed him.

10God said to him, “Your name is Jacob. Your name shall not be Jacob any more, but your name will be Israel.” He named him Israel.

11God said to him, “I am God Almighty. Be fruitful and multiply. A nation and a company of nations will be from you, and kings will come out of your body.

12The land which I gave to Abraham and Isaac, I will give it to you, and to your offspring after you will I give the land.”

13God went up from him in the place where he spoke with him.

14Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he spoke with him, a pillar of stone. He poured out a drink offering on it, and poured oil on it.

15Jacob called the name of the place where God spoke with him “Bethel”.

16They traveled from Bethel. There was still some distance to come to Ephrath, and Rachel travailed. She had hard labor.

17When she was in hard labor, the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid, for now you will have another son.”

18As her soul was departing (for she died), she named him Benoni, but his father named him Benjamin.

19Rachel died, and was buried on the way to Ephrath (also called Bethlehem).

20Jacob set up a pillar on her grave. The same is the Pillar of Rachel’s grave to this day.

21Israel traveled, and spread his tent beyond the tower of Eder.

22While Israel lived in that land, Reuben went and lay with Bilhah, his father’s concubine, and Israel heard of it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve.

23The sons of Leah: Reuben (Jacob’s firstborn), Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.

24The sons of Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin.

25The sons of Bilhah (Rachel’s servant): Dan and Naphtali.

26The sons of Zilpah (Leah’s servant): Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob, who were born to him in Paddan Aram.

27Jacob came to Isaac his father, to Mamre, to Kiriath Arba (which is Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac lived as foreigners.

28The days of Isaac were one hundred eighty years.

29Isaac gave up the spirit, and died, and was gathered to his people, old and full of days. Esau and Jacob, his sons, buried him.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

God commands Jacob to go up to Bethel and build an altar, and Jacob has his household first put away their foreign gods and purify themselves (vv. 1-4). At Bethel, God renews the covenant promises to Jacob, confirming his new name Israel and promising nations, kings, and the land to his descendants (vv. 9-12). Rachel dies giving birth to Benjamin near Bethlehem, naming him with her dying breath before Jacob renames him (vv. 16-20). Reuben sleeps with his father's concubine Bilhah, an act that later costs him his birthright (v. 22). The chapter closes with a list of Jacob's twelve sons and the death of Isaac at 180, buried by Esau and Jacob together (vv. 23-29).

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses (see Chapter 1 notes for full authorship details).
Historical Context: Chapter 35 records Jacob's return to Bethel — fulfilling his 20-year-old vow (28:20-22). God commands him to go back to where it all began. The chapter includes spiritual renewal (putting away idols), God's reaffirmation of the covenant, Rachel's death giving birth to Benjamin, and Isaac's death. It's a chapter of both renewal and loss — new beginnings and painful endings.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: a twenty-year-old vow at last fulfilled when God commands Jacob back to Bethel, foreign idols and earrings surrendered and buried under an oak before the household even sets out, God's covenant and Jacob's new name, Israel, formally reaffirmed at the very place it was first given in a dream, Rachel dying in hard labor on the road and naming her son son of my sorrow before Jacob renames him son of my right hand, and Isaac's death closing the chapter with Esau and Jacob burying their father together despite everything that came between them
Return to Bethel (vv.1-8): God commands: "Arise, go up to Bethel" (v.1). Jacob orders his household: "Put away the strange gods... be clean... change your garments" (v.2). They surrender their idols and earrings (v.4). Jacob buries them under an oak at Shechem (v.4). "The terror of God" protects them on the journey (v.5). He builds an altar: "El-beth-el" (v.7).
God's Covenant Reaffirmed (vv.9-15): God appears and confirms the name change: "Israel" (v.10). "I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply" (v.11). The land promise reaffirmed (v.12). Jacob sets up a pillar and pours oil (v.14).
Rachel's Death (vv.16-20): Traveling from Bethel, Rachel goes into hard labor (v.16). She dies giving birth (v.18). She names him "Ben-oni" (son of my sorrow); Jacob renames him "Benjamin" (son of my right hand) (v.18). Rachel buried near Bethlehem (v.19).
Reuben's Sin and the Twelve Sons (vv.21-26): Reuben sleeps with Bilhah, Jacob's concubine (v.22) — forfeiting his birthright (cf. 49:3-4). The twelve sons listed (vv.23-26).
Isaac's Death (vv.27-29): Jacob returns to Isaac at Hebron (v.27). Isaac dies at 180 (v.28). Esau and Jacob bury him together (v.29).

Map & Geography

  • Bethel (v.1) — Jacob returns to where God first appeared to him (ch.28). The journey from Shechem to Bethel moves south through the hill country.
  • Ephrath / Bethlehem (v.19) — Rachel dies and is buried on the road to Bethlehem, approximately 5 miles south of Jerusalem. The future birthplace of David and of Christ.
  • Hebron / Mamre (v.27) — Jacob arrives at his father Isaac's home in the southern hill country.
  • Migdal-eder / "tower of the flock" (v.21) — near Bethlehem, a shepherding landmark (cf. Micah 4:8).

Places on this map

  • BethelBeitin, West BankA ridge-road town about 11 miles north of Jerusalem, where Jacob dreamed of the stairway and named the place house of God. Jeroboam later put one of his two golden calves here precisely because pilgrims already came. Wikipedia
  • ShechemTell Balata, Nablus, West BankIn the pass between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, the natural east-west crossing of the central hills. Abraham's first altar, Joseph's burial and Joshua's covenant renewal all happen here, which made it the north's answer to Jerusalem. Wikipedia
  • BethlehemBethlehem, West BankA small town on the ridge road five miles south of Jerusalem, at the edge of the cultivated land before the Judean wilderness. Its name means house of bread, and its terraced barley fields are where Ruth gleaned and where David kept sheep. Wikipedia
  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • HebronHebron, West BankThe highest town in the Judean hills at about 3,000 feet, 19 miles south of Jerusalem. Abraham bought a burial cave here, and David reigned from it for seven years before moving north, so it carries both the patriarchal and the royal claim to the land. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik covers the return to Bethel, spiritual renewal, Rachel's death, and the covenant reaffirmation.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Genesis 35 Summary in 5 Minutes - 5MBS
2BeLikeChrist

Genesis 34-36 | Defiling Dinah | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Revival In Jacob's Life – Genesis 35
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: how its opening chapters work as literature and how they set up everything that follows.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Genesis -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Clearing Out the Idols (v.2) — Before Jacob can worship at Bethel, he has his household surrender the foreign gods and idols they've been carrying. What competing devotions would you need to put away before you could worship freely?
  • Protected on the Road of Obedience (v.5) — As Jacob's household travels in obedience, a terror from God keeps the surrounding cities from attacking them. Have you seen God protect you in unexpected ways when you stepped out to obey Him?
  • A Covenant Renewed (vv.10-12) — God reaffirms Jacob's new name and repeats the promises first given to Abraham and Isaac. Do you need reminding that God's promises to you don't expire just because time has passed?
  • Sorrow Renamed (v.18) — Rachel dies naming her son "son of my sorrow," but Jacob renames him "son of my right hand." Is there a painful chapter of your life that God might be inviting you to see differently, without denying the real grief in it?
  • Betrayal Within the Family (v.22) — Reuben's sin against his father happens even in this season of covenant renewal and mourning. Does spiritual progress in one area of your life ever blind you to sin taking root in another?
  • Reconciled Enough to Bury Together (v.29) — Despite their history, Esau and Jacob stand side by side to bury their father. Is there a strained relationship in your life where enough healing has happened that you could show up together for what matters most?