Isaiah — Chapter 66

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1This is what the LORD says: “Heaven is My throne, and earth is My footstool. What kind of house will you build for Me? Or where will My place of repose be?

2Has not My hand made all these things? And so they came into being,” declares the LORD. “This is the one I will esteem: he who is humble and contrite in spirit, who trembles at My word.

3Whoever slaughters an ox is like one who slays a man; whoever sacrifices a lamb is like one who breaks a dog’s neck; whoever presents a grain offering is like one who offers pig’s blood; whoever offers frankincense is like one who blesses an idol. Indeed, they have chosen their own ways and delighted in their abominations.

4So I will choose their punishment and I will bring terror upon them, because I called and no one answered, I spoke and no one listened. But they did evil in My sight and chose that in which I did not delight.”

5You who tremble at His word, hear the word of the LORD: “Your brothers who hate you and exclude you because of My name have said, ‘Let the LORD be glorified that we may see your joy!’ But they will be put to shame.”

6Hear the uproar from the city; listen to the voice from the temple! It is the voice of the LORD, repaying His enemies what they deserve!

7“Before she was in labor, she gave birth; before she was in pain, she delivered a boy.

8Who has heard of such as this? Who has seen such things? Can a country be born in a day or a nation be delivered in an instant? Yet as soon as Zion was in labor, she gave birth to her children.

9Shall I bring a baby to the point of birth and not deliver it?” says the LORD. “Or will I who deliver close the womb?” says your God.

10Be glad for Jerusalem and rejoice over her, all who love her. Rejoice greatly with her, all who mourn over her,

11so that you may nurse and be satisfied at her comforting breasts; you may drink deeply and delight yourselves in her glorious abundance.

12For this is what the LORD says: “I will extend peace to her like a river, and the wealth of nations like a flowing stream; you will nurse and be carried on her arm, and bounced upon her knees.

13As a mother comforts her son, so will I comfort you, and you will be consoled over Jerusalem.”

14When you see, you will rejoice, and you will flourish like grass; then the hand of the LORD will be revealed to His servants, but His wrath will be shown to His enemies.

15For behold, the LORD will come with fire—His chariots are like a whirlwind—to execute His anger with fury and His rebuke with flames of fire.

16For by fire and by His sword, the LORD will execute judgment on all flesh, and many will be slain by the LORD.

17“Those who consecrate and purify themselves to enter the groves—to follow one in the center of those who eat the flesh of swine and vermin and rats—will perish together,” declares the LORD.

18“And I, knowing their deeds and thoughts, am coming to gather all nations and tongues, and they will come and see My glory.

19I will establish a sign among them, and I will send survivors from among them to the nations—to Tarshish, Put, and the archers of Lud; to Tubal, Javan, and the islands far away who have not heard of My fame or seen My glory. So they will proclaim My glory among the nations.

20And they will bring all your brothers from all the nations as a gift to the LORD on horses and chariots and wagons, on mules and camels, to My holy mountain Jerusalem,” says the LORD, “just as the Israelites bring an offering in a clean vessel to the house of the LORD.”

21“And I will select some of them as priests and Levites,” says the LORD.

22“For just as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, will endure before Me,” declares the LORD, “so your descendants and your name will endure.

23From one New Moon to another and from one Sabbath to another, all mankind will come to worship before Me,” says the LORD.

24“As they go forth, they will see the corpses of the men who have rebelled against Me; for their worm will never die, their fire will never be quenched, and they will be a horror to all mankind.”

1Thus saith the LORD, The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool: where is the house that ye build unto me? and where is the place of my rest?

2For all those things hath mine hand made, and all those things have been, saith the LORD: but to this man will I look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth at my word.

3He that killeth an ox is as if he slew a man; he that sacrificeth a lamb, as if he cut off a dog’s neck; he that offereth an oblation, as if he offered swine’s blood; he that burneth incense, as if he blessed an idol. Yea, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in their abominations.

4I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears upon them; because when I called, none did answer; when I spake, they did not hear: but they did evil before mine eyes, and chose that in which I delighted not.

5Hear the word of the LORD, ye that tremble at his word; your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name’s sake, said, Let the LORD be glorified: but he shall appear to your joy, and they shall be ashamed.

6A voice of noise from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice of the LORD that rendereth recompence to his enemies.

7Before she travailed, she brought forth; before her pain came, she was delivered of a man child.

8Who hath heard such a thing? who hath seen such things? Shall the earth be made to bring forth in one day? or shall a nation be born at once? for as soon as Zion travailed, she brought forth her children.

9Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to bring forth? saith the LORD: shall I cause to bring forth, and shut the womb? saith thy God.

10Rejoice ye with Jerusalem, and be glad with her, all ye that love her: rejoice for joy with her, all ye that mourn for her:

11That ye may suck, and be satisfied with the breasts of her consolations; that ye may milk out, and be delighted with the abundance of her glory.

12For thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river, and the glory of the Gentiles like a flowing stream: then shall ye suck, ye shall be borne upon her sides, and be dandled upon her knees.

13As one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you; and ye shall be comforted in Jerusalem.

14And when ye see this, your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall flourish like an herb: and the hand of the LORD shall be known toward his servants, and his indignation toward his enemies.

15For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, and with his chariots like a whirlwind, to render his anger with fury, and his rebuke with flames of fire.

16For by fire and by his sword will the LORD plead with all flesh: and the slain of the LORD shall be many.

17They that sanctify themselves, and purify themselves in the gardens behind one tree in the midst, eating swine’s flesh, and the abomination, and the mouse, shall be consumed together, saith the LORD.

18For I know their works and their thoughts: it shall come, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and see my glory.

19And I will set a sign among them, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal, and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles.

20And they shall bring all your brethren for an offering unto the LORD out of all nations upon horses, and in chariots, and in litters, and upon mules, and upon swift beasts, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, saith the LORD, as the children of Israel bring an offering in a clean vessel into the house of the LORD.

21And I will also take of them for priests and for Levites, saith the LORD.

22For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me, saith the LORD, so shall your seed and your name remain.

23And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the LORD.

24And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh.

1Thus saith Jehovah, Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool: what manner of house will ye build unto me? and what place shall be my rest?

2For all these things hath my hand made, and [so] all these things came to be, saith Jehovah: but to this man will I look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and that trembleth at my word.

3He that killeth an ox is as he that slayeth a man; he that sacrificeth a lamb, as he that breaketh a dog`s neck; he that offereth an oblation, [as he that offereth] swine`s blood; he that burneth frankincense, as he that blesseth an idol. Yea, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in their abominations:

4I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears upon them; because when I called, none did answer; when I spake, they did not hear: but they did that which was evil in mine eyes, and chose that wherein I delighted not.

5Hear the word of Jehovah, ye that tremble at his word: Your brethren that hate you, that cast you out for my name`s sake, have said, Let Jehovah be glorified, that we may see your joy; but it is they that shall be put to shame.

6A voice of tumult from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice of Jehovah that rendereth recompense to his enemies.

7Before she travailed, she brought forth; before her pain came, she was delivered of a man-child.

8Who hath heard such a thing? who hath seen such things? Shall a land be born in one day? shall a nation be brought forth at once? for as soon as Zion travailed, she brought forth her children.

9Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to bring forth? saith Jehovah: shall I that cause to bring forth shut [the womb]? saith thy God.

10Rejoice ye with Jerusalem, and be glad for her, all ye that love her: rejoice for joy with her, all ye that mourn over her;

11that ye may suck and be satisfied with the breasts of her consolations; that ye may milk out, and be delighted with the abundance of her glory.

12For thus saith Jehovah, Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river, and the glory of the nations like an overflowing stream: and ye shall suck [thereof]; ye shall be borne upon the side, and shall be dandled upon the knees.

13As one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you; and ye shall be comforted in Jerusalem.

14And ye shall see [it], and your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall flourish like the tender grass: and the hand of Jehovah shall be known toward his servants; and he will have indignation against his enemies.

15For, behold, Jehovah will come with fire, and his chariots shall be like the whirlwind; to render his anger with fierceness, and his rebuke with flames of fire.

16For by fire will Jehovah execute judgment, and by his sword, upon all flesh; and the slain of Jehovah shall be many.

17They that sanctify themselves and purify themselves [to go] unto the gardens, behind one in the midst, eating swine`s flesh, and the abomination, and the mouse, they shall come to an end together, saith Jehovah.

18For I [know] their works and their thoughts: [the time] cometh, that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come, and shall see my glory.

19And I will set a sign among them, and I will send such as escape of them unto the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, that draw the bow, to Tubal and Javan, to the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the nations.

20And they shall bring all your brethren out of all the nations for an oblation unto Jehovah, upon horses, and in chariots, and in litters, and upon mules, and upon dromedaries, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, saith Jehovah, as the children of Israel bring their oblation in a clean vessel into the house of Jehovah.

21And of them also will I take for priests [and] for Levites, saith Jehovah.

22For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me, saith Jehovah, so shall your seed and your name remain.

23And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith Jehovah.

24And they shall go forth, and look upon the dead bodies of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh.

1This is what the Lord says: “The heavens are my throne and the earth is my footstool. Where then is the house you will build for me? Where is the place where I will rest?

2My hand made them; that is how they came to be,” says the Lord.“I show special favor to the humble and contrite, who respect what I have to say.

3The one who slaughters a bull also strikes down a man; the one who sacrifices a lamb also breaks a dog’s neck; the one who presents an offering includes pig’s blood with it; the one who offers incense also praises an idol. They have decided to behave this way; they enjoy these disgusting practices.

4So I will choose severe punishment for them; I will bring on them what they dread because I called, and no one responded. I spoke and they did not listen. They did evil before me; they chose to do what displeases me.”

5Listen to the Lord’s message, you who respect his word! “Your countrymen, who hate you and exclude you, supposedly for the sake of my name, say, ‘May the Lord be glorified, then we will witness your joy.’ But they will be put to shame.

6The sound of battle comes from the city; the sound comes from the temple! It is the sound of the Lord paying back his enemies.

7Before she goes into labor, she gives birth! Before her contractions begin, she delivers a boy!

8Who has ever heard of such a thing? Who has ever seen this? Can a country be brought forth in one day? Can a nation be born in a single moment? Yet as soon as Zion goes into labor she gives birth to sons!

9Do I bring a baby to the birth opening and then not deliver it?” asks the Lord. “Or do I bring a baby to the point of delivery and then hold it back?” asks your God.

10“Be happy for Jerusalem and rejoice with her, all you who love her! Share in her great joy, all you who have mourned over her!

11For you will nurse from her satisfying breasts and be nourished; you will feed with joy from her milk-filled breasts.”

12For this is what the Lord says: “Look, I am ready to extend to her prosperity that will flow like a river, the riches of nations will flow into her like a stream that floods its banks. You will nurse from her breast and be carried at her side; you will play on her knees.

13As a mother consoles a child, so I will console you, and you will be consoled over Jerusalem.”

14When you see this, you will be happy, and you will be revived. The Lord will reveal his power to his servants and his anger to his enemies.

15For look, the Lord comes with fire; his chariots come like a windstorm to reveal his raging anger, his battle cry, and his flaming arrows.

16For the Lord judges all humanity with fire and his sword; the Lord will kill many.

17“As for those who consecrate and ritually purify themselves so they can follow their leader and worship in the sacred orchards, those who eat the flesh of pigs and other disgusting creatures, like mice—they will all be destroyed together,” says the Lord.

18“I hate their deeds and thoughts! So I am coming to gather all the nations and ethnic groups; they will come and witness my splendor.

19I will perform a mighty act among them and then send some of those who remain to the nations—to Tarshish, Pul, Lud (known for its archers), Tubal, Javan, and to the distant coastlands that have not heard about me or seen my splendor. They will tell the nations of my splendor.

20They will bring back all your countrymen from all the nations as an offering to the Lord. They will bring them on horses, in chariots, in wagons, on mules, and on camels to my holy hill Jerusalem,” says the Lord, “just as the Israelites bring offerings to the Lord’s temple in ritually pure containers.

21And I will choose some of them as priests and Levites,” says the Lord.

22“For just as the new heavens and the new earth I am about to make will remain standing before me,” says the Lord, “so your descendants and your name will remain.

23From one month to the next and from one Sabbath to the next, all people will come to worship me,” says the Lord.

24“They will go out and observe the corpses of those who rebelled against me, for the maggots that eat them will not die, and the fire that consumes them will not die out. All people will find the sight abhorrent.”

1Yahweh says, “Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. What kind of house will you build to me? Where will I rest?

2For my hand has made all these things, and so all these things came to be,” says Yahweh: “but to this man will I look, even to he who is poor and of a contrite spirit, and who trembles at my word.

3He who kills an ox is as he who kills a man; he who sacrifices a lamb, as he who breaks a dog’s neck; he who offers an offering, as he who offers pig’s blood; he who burns frankincense, as he who blesses an idol. Yes, they have chosen their own ways, and their soul delights in their abominations:

4I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears on them; because when I called, no one answered; when I spoke, they didn’t listen; but they did that which was evil in my eyes, and chose that in which I didn’t delight.”

5Hear Yahweh’s word, you who tremble at his word: “Your brothers who hate you, who cast you out for my name’s sake, have said, ‘Let Yahweh be glorified, that we may see your joy;’ but it is those who shall be disappointed.

6A voice of tumult from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice of Yahweh that repays his enemies what they deserve.

7“Before she travailed, she gave birth. Before her pain came, she delivered a son.

8Who has heard of such a thing? Who has seen such things? Shall a land be born in one day? Shall a nation be born at once? For as soon as Zion travailed, she gave birth to her children.

9Shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to be delivered?” says Yahweh. “Shall I who cause to give birth shut the womb?” says your God.

10“Rejoice with Jerusalem, and be glad for her, all you who love her. Rejoice for joy with her, all you who mourn over her;

11that you may nurse and be satisfied at the comforting breasts; that you may drink deeply, and be delighted with the abundance of her glory.”

12For Yahweh says, “Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river, and the glory of the nations like an overflowing stream; and you will nurse. You will be carried on her side, and will be dandled on her knees.

13As one whom his mother comforts, so will I comfort you. You will be comforted in Jerusalem.”

14You will see it, and your heart shall rejoice, and your bones will flourish like the tender grass. Yahweh’s hand will be known among his servants; and he will have indignation against his enemies.

15For, behold, Yahweh will come with fire, and his chariots will be like the whirlwind; to render his anger with fierceness, and his rebuke with flames of fire.

16For Yahweh will execute judgment by fire and by his sword on all flesh; and those slain by Yahweh will be many.

17“Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves to go to the gardens, behind one in the middle, eating pig’s meat, abominable things, and the mouse, they shall come to an end together,” says Yahweh.

18“For I know their works and their thoughts. The time comes that I will gather all nations and languages, and they will come, and will see my glory.

19“I will set a sign among them, and I will send those who escape of them to the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, who draw the bow, to Tubal and Javan, to far-away islands, who have not heard my fame, nor have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the nations.

20They shall bring all your brothers out of all the nations for an offering to Yahweh, on horses, in chariots, in litters, on mules, and on camels, to my holy mountain Jerusalem, says Yahweh, as the children of Israel bring their offering in a clean vessel into Yahweh’s house.

21Of them I will also select priests and Levites,” says Yahweh.

22“For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me,” says Yahweh, “so your offspring and your name shall remain.

23It shall happen that from one new moon to another, and from one Sabbath to another, all flesh will come to worship before me,” says Yahweh.

24“They will go out, and look at the dead bodies of the men who have transgressed against me; for their worm will not die, nor will their fire be quenched, and they will be loathsome to all mankind.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

The Lord declares that heaven is his throne and earth his footstool, so no physical temple could ever contain him; what he values instead is a humble and broken spirit that trembles at his word (vv. 1-2). He rejects hollow, hypocritical worship — even sacrifices offered by people clinging to their own sinful choices are treated as no better than violence or idolatry — and warns that he will bring on them the very fears they dread, because they refused to listen when he called (vv. 3-4). He speaks comfort to those who tremble at his word and have been mocked by their own people, promising vindication while their opponents are put to shame, and warns of coming judgment on his enemies (vv. 5-6). Using the image of childbirth, God says Zion will bring forth a nation suddenly and without prolonged labor, since he who opens the womb will not fail to bring the birth to completion (vv. 7-9). Those who love Jerusalem are called to rejoice and be comforted, nursed and satisfied as at a mother's side, with peace flowing to her like a river (vv. 10-14). Yet judgment still comes: the Lord arrives in fire and whirlwind to execute fierce judgment against all flesh, particularly those practicing forbidden and idolatrous rites (vv. 15-17). He will gather all nations and languages to witness his glory, send survivors to declare it among distant peoples, and bring scattered Israelites home as an offering, even taking some as priests and Levites (vv. 18-21). Just as the new heavens and earth will endure, so will his people's descendants and name endure before him, with all humanity worshiping him continually, week by week and month by month (vv. 22-23). The book closes with a stark final image: those who rebelled against God will be a horror to all, seen in a place of unending decay and unquenched fire (v. 24).

Authorship & Background

Author: Isaiah son of Amoz (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Oracle — The Grand Conclusion
Key Themes: Heaven as throne / earth as footstool, God looks to the humble, Zion's miraculous birth, God's final coming in fire, all nations gathered, all flesh worships, the everlasting contrast between the redeemed and the lost
Historical Context: The final chapter of Isaiah brings the entire 66-chapter masterwork to its conclusion. It echoes the opening (ch.1): God rejecting empty worship (1:11-15 / 66:3), calling for genuine humility (1:16-17 / 66:2), and promising both judgment and restoration. The chapter addresses the post-exilic community (or anticipates it): the temple is being rebuilt, but God warns against thinking a building can contain Him (v.1). The climax gathers all nations and all languages (v.18) to witness God's glory — the universal vision of 2:2-4 fulfilled. The final verse (v.24) is sobering: the corpses of rebels in unquenchable fire — quoted by Jesus in Mark 9:48.
The Heaven Is My Throne (vv.1-2): Thus saith the LORD, The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool, where is the house that ye build unto me, and where is the place of my rest. Stephen quotes this in Acts 7 against the temple authorities, and Solomon had made the same point at the dedication in 2 Chronicles 6:18. Then the answer to the question, and it is a person rather than a building, but to this man will I look, even to him that is poor and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth at my word. Three qualifications, none of them architectural.
He That Killeth an Ox, as If He Slew a Man (vv.3-4): He that killeth an ox is as if he slew a man, he that sacrificeth a lamb, as if he cut off a dog's neck. Four legitimate offerings are each paired with an atrocity, which is the sharpest form the book's argument about worship takes, and it goes back to 1:11. The reason is given in the same verse and it is about pleasure rather than procedure, their soul delighteth in their abominations. And the consequence is a matching silence, I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears upon them, because when I called, none did answer.
Your Brethren That Hated You (vv.5-6): Hear the word of the LORD, ye that tremble at his word, and what follows is unusual: a word addressed to the devout about being excluded by other religious people. Your brethren that hated you, that cast you out for my name's sake, said, Let the LORD be glorified, and their sneer is quoted with the pious formula intact. And the answer comes from the building itself, a voice of noise from the city, a voice from the temple, a voice of the LORD that rendereth recompence to his enemies.
Before She Travailed, She Brought Forth (vv.7-9): Before she travailed, she brought forth, before her pain came, she was delivered of a man child. The birth is described as impossibly quick, which is the point of the questions that follow, who hath heard such a thing, who hath seen such things, shall the earth be made to bring forth in one day. And the argument closes with the most practical image in the chapter, shall I bring to the birth, and not cause to bring forth, saith the LORD. A midwife who does not abandon a delivery half way.
As One Whom His Mother Comforteth (vv.10-14): Rejoice ye with Jerusalem, and be glad with her, all ye that love her, rejoice for joy with her, all ye that mourn for her. The invitation is addressed to the mourners specifically. Then the nursing image that has run through 49:23 and 60:16 reaches its fullest form, that ye may suck, and be satisfied with the breast of her consolations, and behold, I will extend peace to her like a river, and the glory of the Gentiles like a flowing stream. And then the comparison the book has been working toward, as one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you, which finally supplies the subject of the imperative at 40:1.
The LORD Will Come with Fire (vv.15-17): For, behold, the LORD will come with fire, and with his chariots like a whirlwind, to render his anger with fury. The scale is universal, and the slain of the LORD shall be many. Then the specific practices named one last time, they that sanctify themselves and purify themselves in the gardens, eating swine's flesh, and the abomination, and the mouse. The list is deliberately petty against the chariots and the whirlwind, and that is its force: the fire is coming about the garden rituals.
I Will Send Them unto the Nations (vv.18-21): And I will gather all nations and tongues, and they shall come, and see my glory. Then something the Old Testament almost never says, and I will send those that escape of them unto the nations, and the list of destinations is geographical and distant, Tarshish, Pul, Lud, Tubal, Javan, and the isles afar off, that have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory, and they shall declare my glory among the Gentiles. Missionaries sent out rather than pilgrims coming in. And the last verse goes further than anything before it, and I will also take of them for priests and for Levites, saith the LORD, so the foreigners of 56:6 are not merely admitted to the temple but ordained in it.
From One New Moon to Another (vv.22-24): For as the new heavens and the new earth which I will make shall remain before me, so shall your seed and your name remain. Then worship described as a permanent schedule rather than an event, and it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me. And then the last verse of the book, which most readers find difficult and which is quoted three times by Jesus in Mark 9: they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me, for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched, and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh. The valley outside the walls where the fires burned is the ge-hinnom of Jeremiah 7 and 19, which becomes the New Testament word for hell. The book ends with worshippers and corpses in consecutive sentences, and it does not soften the join. Jewish synagogue practice repeats verse 23 after verse 24 so that the reading does not close on it, which is itself an acknowledgement of how the ending lands.

Map & Geography

  • Zion (v.8): The hill on which Jerusalem/the Temple stood; often used poetically for God's dwelling.
  • Jerusalem (v.10, v.13, v.20): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.
  • Tarshish (v.19): Distant port city (possibly Spain); represents the farthest reaches of the known world.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • Tarshishprobably southern SpainUsually identified with Tartessos near the mouth of the Guadalquivir in southern Spain, at the far western end of the Phoenician trade routes, though the identification is not certain. Either way it meant the end of the known world, and it lies almost exactly opposite Nineveh from Joppa. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Isaiah 66 - Bible Study, Explanation, and Application
2BeLikeChrist

Isaiah 63-66 | The Warrior in Red | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Like a River, Like a Stream, Like a Mother - Isaiah 66:12-14
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the promised king who runs through Isaiah from beginning to end.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Isaiah -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • God Looks to the Humble (v.2) — God says He looks to the one who is humble, contrite in spirit, and trembles at His word — not to the impressive or self-assured. Does your posture toward God's word tend toward reverence and humility, or toward confidence in your own understanding?
  • Comfort for the Trembling, Shame for the Scoffers (v.5) — Those who tremble at God's word are addressed directly, even as they're hated and mocked by their own brothers. Have you stayed faithful to God's word even when people close to you treated that faithfulness with contempt?
  • Zion Gives Birth in a Single Day (v.9) — God asks whether He would bring a nation to the point of birth and not deliver it, promising He who opens the womb will not shut it. Is there something you've labored toward for a long time that you're tempted to believe God will abandon right before it's completed?
  • Comforted Like a Child by a Mother (v.13) — God promises to comfort His people the way a mother comforts her child — tender, instinctive, unconditional. Do you allow yourself to receive that kind of comfort from God, or do you expect His comfort to feel more distant and formal?
  • All Nations Gathered to See His Glory (v.18) — God announces He is coming to gather every nation and language to see His glory. Do you see your own faith as part of that larger, ongoing story, or as something private and separate from it?
  • Worship and Judgment, Side by Side (v.24) — The book closes with eternal worship for the redeemed set right beside a sobering picture of judgment for the rebellious. Does the reality that both outcomes are genuine shape how seriously you take your own response to God?