Isaiah — Chapter 33

Loading ESV text...

1Woe to you, O destroyer never destroyed, O traitor never betrayed! When you have finished destroying, you will be destroyed. When you have finished betraying, you will be betrayed.

2O LORD, be gracious to us! We wait for You. Be our strength every morning and our salvation in time of trouble.

3The peoples flee the thunder of Your voice; the nations scatter when You rise.

4Your spoil, O nations, is gathered as by locusts; like a swarm of locusts men sweep over it.

5The LORD is exalted, for He dwells on high; He has filled Zion with justice and righteousness.

6He will be the sure foundation for your times, a storehouse of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge. The fear of the LORD is Zion’s treasure.

7Behold, their valiant ones cry aloud in the streets; the envoys of peace weep bitterly.

8The highways are deserted; travel has ceased. The treaty has been broken, the witnesses are despised, and human life is disregarded.

9The land mourns and languishes; Lebanon is ashamed and decayed. Sharon is like a desert; Bashan and Carmel shake off their leaves.

10“Now I will arise,” says the LORD. “Now I will lift Myself up. Now I will be exalted.

11You conceive chaff; you give birth to stubble. Your breath is a fire that will consume you.

12The peoples will be burned to ashes, like thorns cut down and set ablaze.

13You who are far off, hear what I have done; you who are near, acknowledge My might.”

14The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling grips the ungodly: “Who of us can dwell with a consuming fire? Who of us can dwell with everlasting flames?”

15He who walks righteously and speaks with sincerity, who refuses gain from extortion, whose hand never takes a bribe, who stops his ears against murderous plots and shuts his eyes tightly against evil—

16he will dwell on the heights; the mountain fortress will be his refuge; his food will be provided and his water assured.

17Your eyes will see the King in His beauty and behold a land that stretches afar.

18Your mind will ponder the former terror: “Where is he who tallies? Where is he who weighs? Where is he who counts the towers?”

19You will no longer see the insolent, a people whose speech is unintelligible, who stammer in a language you cannot understand.

20Look upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts. Your eyes will see Jerusalem, a peaceful pasture, a tent that does not wander; its tent pegs will not be pulled up, nor will any of its cords be broken.

21But there the Majestic One, our LORD, will be for us a place of rivers and wide canals, where no galley with oars will row, and no majestic vessel will pass.

22For the LORD is our Judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our King. It is He who will save us.

23Your ropes are slack; they cannot secure the mast or spread the sail. Then an abundance of spoils will be divided, and even the lame will carry off plunder.

24And no resident of Zion will say, “I am sick.” The people who dwell there will be forgiven of iniquity.

1Woe to thee that spoilest, and thou wast not spoiled; and dealest treacherously, and they dealt not treacherously with thee! when thou shalt cease to spoil, thou shalt be spoiled; and when thou shalt make an end to deal treacherously, they shall deal treacherously with thee.

2O LORD, be gracious unto us; we have waited for thee: be thou their arm every morning, our salvation also in the time of trouble.

3At the noise of the tumult the people fled; at the lifting up of thyself the nations were scattered.

4And your spoil shall be gathered like the gathering of the caterpiller: as the running to and fro of locusts shall he run upon them.

5The LORD is exalted; for he dwelleth on high: he hath filled Zion with judgment and righteousness.

6And wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times, and strength of salvation: the fear of the LORD is his treasure.

7Behold, their valiant ones shall cry without: the ambassadors of peace shall weep bitterly.

8The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth: he hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth no man.

9The earth mourneth and languisheth: Lebanon is ashamed and hewn down: Sharon is like a wilderness; and Bashan and Carmel shake off their fruits.

10Now will I rise, saith the LORD; now will I be exalted; now will I lift up myself.

11Ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble: your breath, as fire, shall devour you.

12And the people shall be as the burnings of lime: as thorns cut up shall they be burned in the fire.

13Hear, ye that are far off, what I have done; and, ye that are near, acknowledge my might.

14The sinners in Zion are afraid; fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire? who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?

15He that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly; he that despiseth the gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands from holding of bribes, that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes from seeing evil;

16He shall dwell on high: his place of defence shall be the munitions of rocks: bread shall be given him; his waters shall be sure.

17Thine eyes shall see the king in his beauty: they shall behold the land that is very far off.

18Thine heart shall meditate terror. Where is the scribe? where is the receiver? where is he that counted the towers?

19Thou shalt not see a fierce people, a people of a deeper speech than thou canst perceive; of a stammering tongue, that thou canst not understand.

20Look upon Zion, the city of our solemnities: thine eyes shall see Jerusalem a quiet habitation, a tabernacle that shall not be taken down; not one of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed, neither shall any of the cords thereof be broken.

21But there the glorious LORD will be unto us a place of broad rivers and streams; wherein shall go no galley with oars, neither shall gallant ship pass thereby.

22For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our king; he will save us.

23Thy tacklings are loosed; they could not well strengthen their mast, they could not spread the sail: then is the prey of a great spoil divided; the lame take the prey.

24And the inhabitant shall not say, I am sick: the people that dwell therein shall be forgiven their iniquity.

1Woe to thee that destroyest, and thou wast not destroyed; and dealest treacherously, and they dealt not treacherously with thee! When thou hast ceased to destroy, thou shalt be destroyed; and when thou hast made an end of dealing treacherously, they shall deal treacherously with thee.

2O Jehovah, be gracious unto us; we have waited for thee: be thou our arm every morning, our salvation also in the time of trouble.

3At the noise of the tumult the peoples are fled; at the lifting up of thyself the nations are scattered.

4And your spoil shall be gathered as the caterpillar gathereth: as locusts leap shall men leap upon it.

5Jehovah is exalted; for he dwelleth on high: he hath filled Zion with justice and righteousness.

6And there shall be stability in thy times, abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge: the fear of Jehovah is thy treasure.

7Behold, their valiant ones cry without; the ambassadors of peace weep bitterly.

8The highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth: [the enemy] hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth not man.

9The land mourneth and languisheth; Lebanon is confounded and withereth away; Sharon is like a desert; and Bashan and Carmel shake off [their leaves].

10Now will I arise, saith Jehovah; now will I lift up myself; now will I be exalted.

11Ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble: your breath is a fire that shall devour you.

12And the peoples shall be as the burnings of lime, as thorns cut down, that are burned in the fire.

13Hear, ye that are far off, what I have done; and, ye that are near, acknowledge my might.

14The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling hath seized the godless ones: Who among us can dwell with the devouring fire? who among us can dwell with everlasting burnings?

15He that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly; he that despiseth the gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands from taking a bribe, that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes from looking upon evil:

16He shall dwell on high; his place of defence shall be the munitions of rocks; his bread shall be given [him]; his waters shall be sure.

17Thine eyes shall see the king in his beauty: they shall behold a land that reacheth afar.

18Thy heart shall muse on the terror: Where is he that counted, where is he that weighed [the tribute]? where is he that counted the towers?

19Thou shalt not see the fierce people, a people of a deep speech that thou canst not comprehend, of a strange tongue that thou canst not understand.

20Look upon Zion, the city of our solemnities: thine eyes shall see Jerusalem a quiet habitation, a tent that shall not be removed, the stakes whereof shall never be plucked up, neither shall any of the cords thereof be broken.

21But there Jehovah will be with us in majesty, a place of broad rivers and streams, wherein shall go no galley with oars, neither shall gallant ship pass thereby.

22For Jehovah is our judge, Jehovah is our lawgiver, Jehovah is our king; he will save us.

23Thy tacklings are loosed; they could not strengthen the foot of their mast, they could not spread the sail: then was the prey of a great spoil divided; the lame took the prey.

24And the inhabitant shall not say, I am sick: the people that dwell therein shall be forgiven their iniquity.

1The destroyer is as good as dead, you who have not been destroyed! The deceitful one is as good as dead, the one whom others have not deceived! When you are through destroying, you will be destroyed; when you finish deceiving, others will deceive you!

2Lord, be merciful to us! We wait for you. Give us strength each morning. Deliver us when distress comes.

3The nations run away when they hear a loud noise; the nations scatter when you spring into action!

4Your plunder disappears as if locusts were eating it; they swarm over it like locusts.

5The Lord is exalted, indeed, he lives in heaven; he fills Zion with justice and fairness.

6He is your constant source of stability; he abundantly provides safety and great wisdom; he gives all this to those who fear him.

7Look, ambassadors cry out in the streets; messengers sent to make peace weep bitterly.

8Highways are empty; there are no travelers. Treaties are broken; witnesses are despised; human life is treated with disrespect.

9The land dries up and withers away; the forest of Lebanon shrivels up and decays. Sharon is like the arid rift valley; Bashan and Carmel are parched.

10“Now I will rise up,” says the Lord. “Now I will exalt myself; now I will magnify myself.

11You conceive straw, you give birth to chaff; your breath is a fire that destroys you.

12The nations will be burned to ashes; like thornbushes that have been cut down, they will be set on fire.

13You who are far away, listen to what I have done! You who are close by, recognize my strength.”

14Sinners are afraid in Zion; panic grips the godless. They say, “Who among us can coexist with destructive fire? Who among us can coexist with unquenchable fire?”

15The one who lives uprightly and speaks honestly, the one who refuses to profit from oppressive measures and rejects a bribe, the one who does not plot violent crimes and does not seek to harm others—

16this is the person who will live in a secure place; he will find safety in the rocky, mountain strongholds; he will have food and a constant supply of water.

17You will see a king in his splendor; you will see a wide land.

18Your mind will recall the terror you experienced, and you will ask yourselves, “Where is the scribe? Where is the one who weighs the money? Where is the one who counts the towers?”

19You will no longer see a defiant people whose language you do not comprehend, whose derisive speech you do not understand.

20Look at Zion, the city where we hold religious festivals! You will see Jerusalem, a peaceful settlement, a tent that stays put; its stakes will never be pulled up; none of its ropes will snap in two.

21Instead the Lord will rule there as our mighty king. Rivers and wide streams will flow through it; no war galley will enter; no large ships will sail through.

22For the Lord, our ruler, the Lord, our commander, the Lord, our king— he will deliver us.

23Though at this time your ropes are slack, the mast is not secured, and the sail is not unfurled, at that time you will divide up a great quantity of loot; even the lame will drag off plunder.

24No resident of Zion will say, “I am ill”; the people who live there will have their sin forgiven.

1Woe to you who destroy, but you weren’t destroyed; and who betray, but nobody betrayed you! When you have finished destroying, you will be destroyed; and when you have finished betrayal, you will be betrayed.

2Yahweh, be gracious to us. We have waited for you. Be our strength every morning, our salvation also in the time of trouble.

3At the noise of the thunder, the peoples have fled. When you lift yourself up, the nations are scattered.

4Your plunder will be gathered as the caterpillar gathers. Men will leap on it as locusts leap.

5Yahweh is exalted, for he dwells on high. He has filled Zion with justice and righteousness.

6There will be stability in your times, abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge. The fear of Yahweh is your treasure.

7Behold, their valiant ones cry outside; the ambassadors of peace weep bitterly.

8The highways are desolate. The traveling man ceases. The covenant is broken. He has despised the cities. He doesn’t respect man.

9The land mourns and languishes. Lebanon is confounded and withers away. Sharon is like a desert, and Bashan and Carmel are stripped bare.

10“Now I will arise,” says Yahweh; “Now I will lift myself up. Now I will be exalted.

11You will conceive chaff. You will give birth to stubble. Your breath is a fire that will devour you.

12The peoples will be like the burning of lime, like thorns that are cut down and burned in the fire.

13Hear, you who are far off, what I have done; and, you who are near, acknowledge my might.”

14The sinners in Zion are afraid. Trembling has seized the godless ones. Who among us can live with the devouring fire? Who among us can live with everlasting burning?

15He who walks righteously, and speaks blamelessly; He who despises the gain of oppressions, who gestures with his hands, refusing to take a bribe, who stops his ears from hearing of blood, and shuts his eyes from looking at evil—

16he will dwell on high. His place of defense will be the fortress of rocks. His bread will be supplied. His waters will be sure.

17Your eyes will see the king in his beauty. They will see a distant land.

18Your heart will meditate on the terror. Where is he who counted? Where is he who weighed? Where is he who counted the towers?

19You will no longer see the fierce people, a people of a deep speech that you can’t comprehend, with a strange language that you can’t understand.

20Look at Zion, the city of our appointed festivals. Your eyes will see Jerusalem, a quiet habitation, a tent that won’t be removed. Its stakes will never be plucked up, nor will any of its cords be broken.

21But there Yahweh will be with us in majesty, a place of wide rivers and streams, in which no galley with oars will go, neither will any gallant ship pass by there.

22For Yahweh is our judge. Yahweh is our lawgiver. Yahweh is our king. He will save us.

23Your rigging is untied. They couldn’t strengthen the foot of their mast. They couldn’t spread the sail. Then the prey of a great plunder was divided. The lame took the prey.

24The inhabitant won’t say, “I am sick.” The people who dwell therein will be forgiven their iniquity.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Isaiah pronounces judgment on a treacherous destroyer, understood as Assyria, warning that the one who betrays others without being betrayed will itself be betrayed once its destruction is complete (v. 1). He prays for God's grace and strength each morning in this time of trouble (v. 2), describing how nations scatter and plunder is seized the instant the Lord rises in power (vv. 3-4). The Lord is exalted, filling Zion with justice and becoming his people's stability, wisdom, and treasure (vv. 5-6), even as the land mourns around them — roads abandoned, agreements broken, Lebanon, Sharon, and Carmel withering (vv. 7-9). God announces he will now act, and his enemies' plans will burn like stubble, consumed by their own hostility (vv. 10-12). Both near and far are called to witness his power, and the sinners in Zion tremble, asking who can survive his consuming presence (vv. 13-14). The answer: those who live honestly, refuse bribes and violence, and turn from evil will dwell securely, provided for, beholding the king in his beauty (vv. 15-17). Invasion and terror will become a distant memory; Jerusalem will stand as a peaceful, unshakable dwelling, with the Lord himself as its defense, like broad rivers no enemy ship can sail (vv. 18-21). He is Zion's judge, lawgiver, and king who saves it, and its people, no longer sick, will be forgiven their sin (vv. 22-24).

Authorship & Background

Author: Isaiah son of Amoz (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Woe Oracle — Sixth Woe (chs. 28-33)
Key Themes: The destroyer destroyed, prayer for God to rise up, sinners trembling in Zion, the character of those who survive, seeing the King in His beauty, the land of broad rivers, God as judge-lawgiver-king-savior
Historical Context: The final woe of the series (chs. 28-33) is directed at the "treacherous dealer" — Assyria, which broke treaties with smaller nations after extorting tribute from them. Sennacherib demanded tribute, received it, then attacked anyway (2 Kings 18:14-17). The chapter moves from lament to prayer to vision — ending with one of Isaiah's most beautiful depictions of the future Zion: a city of peace with broad rivers, where God Himself is judge, lawgiver, king, and savior (v.22).
Woe to Thee That Spoilest (v.1): Woe to thee that spoilest, and thou wast not spoiled, and dealest treacherously, and they dealt not treacherously with thee. One verse, and it is addressed to a power that has broken faith without having been wronged first, which is what Assyria did to Hezekiah after the tribute of 2 Kings 18 was paid. The sentence is stated as a turn-taking, when thou shalt cease to spoil, thou shalt be spoiled, and when thou shalt make an end to deal treacherously, they shall deal treacherously with thee.
O LORD, Be Gracious unto Us (vv.2-6): The oracle becomes a prayer in the first person plural, O LORD, be gracious unto us, we have waited for thee, be thou their arm every morning, our salvation also in the time of trouble. Then the enemy dispersing and the spoil being collected in a picture drawn from insects, as the running to and fro of locusts shall he run upon them. And the section ends on a list of what the LORD supplies, and it is arranged as a treasury, wisdom and knowledge, the stability of thy times, and the fear of the LORD is his treasure. Stability listed as an asset, which for a small state under siege is exactly what it was.
The Highways Lie Waste (vv.7-9): Behold, their valiant ones shall cry without, the ambassadors of peace shall weep bitterly. The diplomats are weeping because the diplomacy has failed, and the failure is described as a breach of agreement, he hath broken the covenant, he hath despised the cities, he regardeth no man. Then the effect on ordinary movement, which is the most concrete measure of a country under occupation, the highways lie waste, the wayfaring man ceaseth. And the land is named region by region, Lebanon, Sharon, Bashan and Carmel, all of them proverbial for fertility and all of them listed as failing.
Now Will I Rise (vv.10-13): Now will I rise, saith the LORD, now will I be exalted. The enemy's effort is dismissed as producing nothing usable, ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble. Then the fire, and the people shall be as the burnings of lime, as thorns cut up shall they be burned in the fire, which is material that burns fast and leaves nothing. And the audience is widened at the end, hear, ye that are far off, what I have done, and ye that are near, behold my might.
Who Shall Dwell with Everlasting Burnings (vv.14-16): The sinners in Zion are afraid, fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites, and they ask the question the section turns on, who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire, who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings. The answer is unusual in this book for being a list of ordinary conduct rather than of belief: he that walketh righteously, and speaketh uprightly, he that despiseth the gain of oppressions, that shaketh his hands from holding of bribes, that stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood, and shutteth his eyes from seeing evil. Four of the six are things a person declines to do. And the promise attached is domestic, bread shall be given him, his waters shall be sure.
The King in His Beauty (vv.17-24): Thine eyes shall see the king in his beauty, they shall behold the land that is very far off. Then a backward glance at the occupation which is one of the sharpest things in the book, thine heart shall meditate terror, where is the scribe, where is the receiver, where is he that counted the towers. The men remembered from the worst years are the tax assessors and the surveyors, not the soldiers. And the language is named as the thing that made them frightening, thou shalt not see a fierce people, of a stammering tongue, that thou canst not understand. The city is then described as permanent camping, a tabernacle that shall not be taken down, not one of the stakes thereof shall ever be removed. And the last verse settles two things at once, and the inhabitant shall not say, I am sick, for the people that dwell therein shall be forgiven.

Map & Geography

  • Zion (v.5, v.14, v.20): The hill on which Jerusalem/the Temple stood; often used poetically for God's dwelling.
  • Lebanon (v.9): Region north of Israel known for its cedar forests.
  • Carmel (v.9): Mountain range along the Mediterranean coast; site of Elijah's contest with Baal.
  • Bashan (v.9): Fertile region east of the Sea of Galilee.
  • Jerusalem (v.20): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • LebanonMount Lebanon range, LebanonIn the Bible this is the mountain range, not the modern country: a snow-capped wall rising over 10,000 feet behind the Phoenician coast. Its cedar was the prestige timber of the ancient Near East and both the tabernacle's successors and Solomon's temple were built from it. Wikipedia
  • Mediterranean SeaCalled simply the Great Sea, and treated as the western edge of the world. Israel's coast has almost no natural harbours, so for most of its history the sea was a boundary rather than a road, and seafaring was left to the Phoenicians. Wikipedia
  • BashanGolan and Hauran, SyriaThe volcanic tableland north-east of the Sea of Galilee, deep in basalt soil and famous for cattle and oak. The bulls of Bashan in the Psalms are a compliment to the pasture before they are an insult to anyone. Wikipedia
  • Sea of GalileeLake Kinneret, IsraelA freshwater lake 13 miles by 8, sunk 700 feet below sea level in a bowl of hills. Cold air spilling over the rim onto warm water is what produces the sudden violent squalls the Gospels keep describing. Wikipedia
  • Mount CarmelHaifa, IsraelA wooded limestone ridge that runs 15 miles from the coast inland, reaching about 1,700 feet and forcing the main north-south road through the passes at Megiddo. Rain clouds break on it first, which is why Elijah's contest over rain was staged here. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Isaiah 33 - Bible Study, Explanation, and Application
2BeLikeChrist

Isaiah 30-33 | Wait for God | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

The King in His Beauty - Isaiah 33:17
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the promised king who runs through Isaiah from beginning to end.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Isaiah -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • New Strength Needed Each Morning (v.2) — The prayer asks God to be His people's strength every single morning, not just once for all time. Are you relying on a past experience of God's help, or seeking fresh strength from Him today?
  • Who Can Dwell with the Fire? (v.14) — Sinners in Zion tremble and ask who can survive in the presence of a holy, consuming God. What does your own answer to that question reveal about how seriously you take God's holiness?
  • Seeing the King in His Beauty (v.17) — The promise held out to the righteous is not merely escape from judgment but actually seeing the King in His beauty. Does the hope of seeing Christ face to face shape your daily obedience, or is fear of punishment your main motivator?
  • One God for Every Need (v.22) — The LORD is named as judge, lawgiver, king, and savior all at once, one Person covering every role His people need. Are you looking to different places for guidance, authority, and rescue instead of trusting God to be all of it?