Isaiah — Chapter 11

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1Then a shoot will spring up from the stump of Jesse, and a Branch from his roots will bear fruit.

2The Spirit of the LORD will rest on Him—the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and strength, the Spirit of knowledge and fear of the LORD.

3And He will delight in the fear of the LORD. He will not judge by what His eyes see, and He will not decide by what His ears hear,

4but with righteousness He will judge the poor, and with equity He will decide for the lowly of the earth. He will strike the earth with the rod of His mouth and slay the wicked with the breath of His lips.

5Righteousness will be the belt around His hips, and faithfulness the sash around His waist.

6The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the goat; the calf and young lion and fatling will be together, and a little child will lead them.

7The cow will graze with the bear, their young will lie down together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox.

8The infant will play by the cobra’s den, and the toddler will reach into the viper’s nest.

9They will neither harm nor destroy on all My holy mountain, for the earth will be full of the knowledge of the LORD as the sea is full of water.

10On that day the Root of Jesse will stand as a banner for the peoples. The nations will seek Him, and His place of rest will be glorious.

11On that day the Lord will extend His hand a second time to recover the remnant of His people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.

12He will raise a banner for the nations and gather the exiles of Israel; He will collect the scattered of Judah from the four corners of the earth.

13Then the jealousy of Ephraim will depart, and the adversaries of Judah will be cut off. Ephraim will no longer envy Judah, nor will Judah harass Ephraim.

14They will swoop down on the slopes of the Philistines to the west; together they will plunder the sons of the east. They will lay their hands on Edom and Moab, and the Ammonites will be subject to them.

15The LORD will devote to destruction the gulf of the Sea of Egypt; with a scorching wind He will sweep His hand over the Euphrates. He will split it into seven streams for men to cross with dry sandals.

16There will be a highway for the remnant of His people who remain from Assyria, as there was for Israel when they came up from the land of Egypt.

1And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots:

2And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD;

3And shall make him of quick understanding in the fear of the LORD: and he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, neither reprove after the hearing of his ears:

4But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth: and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked.

5And righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins, and faithfulness the girdle of his reins.

6The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.

7And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.

8And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice’ den.

9They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea.

10And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious.

11And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.

12And he shall set up an ensign for the nations, and shall assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.

13The envy also of Ephraim shall depart, and the adversaries of Judah shall be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not vex Ephraim.

14But they shall fly upon the shoulders of the Philistines toward the west; they shall spoil them of the east together: they shall lay their hand upon Edom and Moab; and the children of Ammon shall obey them.

15And the LORD shall utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; and with his mighty wind shall he shake his hand over the river, and shall smite it in the seven streams, and make men go over dryshod.

16And there shall be an highway for the remnant of his people, which shall be left, from Assyria; like as it was to Israel in the day that he came up out of the land of Egypt.

1And there shall come forth a shoot out of the stock of Jesse, and a branch out of his roots shall bear fruit.

2And the Spirit of Jehovah shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Jehovah.

3And his delight shall be in the fear of Jehovah; and he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, neither decide after the hearing of his ears;

4but with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and decide with equity for the meek of the earth; and he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth; and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked.

5And righteousness shall be the girdle of his waist, and faithfulness the girdle of his loins.

6And the wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.

7And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.

8And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the adder`s den.

9They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain; for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of Jehovah, as the waters cover the sea.

10And it shall come to pass in that day, that the root of Jesse, that standeth for an ensign of the peoples, unto him shall the nations seek; and his resting-place shall be glorious.

11And it shall come to pass in that day, that the Lord will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, that shall remain, from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.

12And he will set up an ensign for the nations, and will assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.

13The envy also of Ephraim shall depart, and they that vex Judah shall be cut off: Ephraim shall not envy Judah, and Judah shall not vex Ephraim.

14And they shall fly down upon the shoulder of the Philistines on the west; together shall they despoil the children of the east: they shall put forth their hand upon Edom and Moab; and the children of Ammon shall obey them.

15And Jehovah will utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; and with his scorching wind will he wave his hand over the River, and will smite it into seven streams, and cause men to march over dryshod.

16And there shall be a highway for the remnant of his people, that shall remain, from Assyria; like as there was for Israel in the day that he came up out of the land of Egypt.

1A shoot will grow out of Jesse’s root stock, a bud will sprout from his roots.

2The Lord’s Spirit will rest on him— a Spirit that gives extraordinary wisdom, a Spirit that provides the ability to execute plans, a Spirit that produces absolute loyalty to the Lord.

3He will take delight in obeying the Lord. He will not judge by mere appearances or make decisions on the basis of hearsay.

4He will treat the poor fairly and make right decisions for the downtrodden of the earth. He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth and order the wicked to be executed.

5Justice will be like a belt around his waist, integrity will be like a belt around his hips.

6A wolf will reside with a lamb, and a leopard will lie down with a young goat; an ox and a young lion will graze together, as a small child leads them along.

7A cow and a bear will graze together, their young will lie down together. A lion, like an ox, will eat straw.

8A baby will play over the hole of a snake; over the nest of a serpent an infant will put his hand.

9They will no longer injure or destroy on my entire royal mountain. For there will be universal submission to the Lord’s sovereignty, just as the waters completely cover the sea.

10At that time a root from Jesse will stand like a signal flag for the nations. Nations will look to him for guidance, and his residence will be majestic.

11At that time the Lord will again lift his hand to reclaim the remnant of his people from Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the seacoasts.

12He will lift a signal flag for the nations; he will gather Israel’s dispersed people and assemble Judah’s scattered people from the four corners of the earth.

13Ephraim’s jealousy will end, and Judah’s hostility will be eliminated. Ephraim will no longer be jealous of Judah, and Judah will no longer be hostile toward Ephraim.

14They will swoop down on the Philistine hills to the west; together they will loot the people of the east. They will take over Edom and Moab, and the Ammonites will be their subjects.

15The Lord will divide the gulf of the Egyptian Sea; he will wave his hand over the Euphrates River and send a strong wind; he will turn it into seven dried-up streams and enable them to walk across in their sandals.

16There will be a highway leading out of Assyria for the remnant of his people, just as there was for Israel, when they went up from the land of Egypt.

1A shoot will come out of the stock of Jesse, and a branch out of his roots will bear fruit.

2Yahweh’s Spirit will rest on him: the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Yahweh.

3His delight will be in the fear of Yahweh. He will not judge by the sight of his eyes, neither decide by the hearing of his ears;

4but with righteousness he will judge the poor, and decide with equity for the humble of the earth. He will strike the earth with the rod of his mouth; and with the breath of his lips he will kill the wicked.

5Righteousness will be the belt of his waist, and faithfulness the belt of his waist.

6The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the young goat; The calf, the young lion, and the fattened calf together; and a little child will lead them.

7The cow and the bear will graze. Their young ones will lie down together. The lion will eat straw like the ox.

8The nursing child will play near a cobra’s hole, and the weaned child will put his hand on the viper’s den.

9They will not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain; for the earth will be full of the knowledge of Yahweh, as the waters cover the sea.

10It will happen in that day that the nations will seek the root of Jesse, who stands as a banner of the peoples; and his resting place will be glorious.

11It will happen in that day that the Lord will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant that is left of his people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea.

12He will set up a banner for the nations, and will assemble the outcasts of Israel, and gather together the dispersed of Judah from the four corners of the earth.

13The envy also of Ephraim will depart, and those who persecute Judah will be cut off. Ephraim won’t envy Judah, and Judah won’t persecute Ephraim.

14They will fly down on the shoulders of the Philistines on the west. Together they will plunder the children of the east. They will extend their power over Edom and Moab, and the children of Ammon will obey them.

15Yahweh will utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; and with his scorching wind he will wave his hand over the River, and will split it into seven streams, and cause men to march over in sandals.

16There will be a highway for the remnant that is left of his people from Assyria, like there was for Israel in the day that he came up out of the land of Egypt.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

A shoot will grow from the stump of Jesse, resting under the Spirit of the LORD — a spirit of wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, and the fear of the LORD — enabling him to judge rightly rather than by outward appearance, defending the poor and the meek (vv. 1-5). Under his reign, natural enemies live together in peace: the wolf with the lamb, the leopard with the goat, and a little child leads them, because the earth will be full of the knowledge of the LORD as the waters cover the sea (vv. 6-9). This root of Jesse will stand as a rallying banner for the nations, and God will reach out a second time to gather his scattered people from Assyria, Egypt, and the far corners of the earth (vv. 10-12). Old rivalries between Ephraim and Judah will end, their enemies will be subdued, and God will dry a path through the sea for the remnant's return, echoing the exodus from Egypt (vv. 13-16).

Authorship & Background

Author: Isaiah son of Amoz (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Messianic Oracle — The Branch and the Kingdom
Key Themes: The Branch from Jesse's root, the sevenfold Spirit, righteous judgment, the peaceable kingdom (wolf and lamb), the second exodus gathering, reunification of Israel and Judah
Historical Context: After chapter 10 depicted Assyria as a forest God would cut down (10:33-34), chapter 11 shows what grows from another stump — Jesse's. David's dynasty appears dead (a cut stump), but a shoot (netser) springs from the root. This is the Messiah: Spirit-empowered, righteous in judgment, bringing cosmic peace. The animal kingdom reconciled (vv.6-9) symbolizes creation restored to Edenic harmony. Verses 10-16 describe a future regathering of Israel from all nations — a "second exodus" that surpasses the first (v.16: "like as it was to Israel in the day that he came up out of the land of Egypt").
A Rod Out of the Stem of Jesse (v.1): And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots. The image follows directly from the felled forest that closed the previous chapter and from the stump at 6:13, and the choice of Jesse rather than David is the point of the verse: it reaches back behind the monarchy to the family the monarchy came from, at a moment when the dynasty as an institution is a cut stump.
The Spirit of the LORD Shall Rest upon Him (v.2): And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, followed by three pairs, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD. Seven terms in total, which is where the later phrase the sevenfold spirit comes from. Each pair joins a faculty to a capacity, so knowing is paired with deciding and both are anchored in reverence.
He Shall Not Judge After the Sight of His Eyes (vv.3-5): The qualification given is a negative one and it concerns method, he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, neither reprove after the hearing of his ears, that is, not on appearances and not on testimony alone. Then who benefits, and it is not the influential, but with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth. And the weapon is speech, he shall smite the earth with the rod of his mouth, which Revelation 19 takes up as a sword coming out of the mouth.
The Wolf Also Shall Dwell with the Lamb (vv.6-9): The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid, and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together, and a little child shall lead them. The list runs on through the cow and the bear, the lion eating straw like an ox, and a child playing at the hole of an asp. What is described is not animals being tamed but predation itself being removed, and the reason given is not sentiment, for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea.
An Ensign to the People (v.10): And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people, to it shall the Gentiles seek, and his rest shall be glorious. Paul quotes this verse at the end of Romans 15 in a chain of texts assembled to establish that the Gentile mission was in the plan from the beginning, and this is the verse in that chain that says the nations do the seeking.
A Second Time, and a Highway (vv.11-16): The LORD shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people, and the phrase the second time makes the exodus the pattern for what follows. The gathering is listed by country, Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, Cush, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the islands of the sea. Then the old division is healed, the envy of Ephraim shall depart, and Judah shall not vex Ephraim. And the chapter ends in engineering, the LORD shall utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea, and there shall be an highway for the remnant of his people, like as it was to Israel in the day that he came up out of the land of Egypt.

Map & Geography

  • Egypt (v.11, v.16): Land to the southwest; place of Israel's bondage and exodus.
  • Assyria (v.11, v.16): Empire to the northeast that conquered the northern kingdom of Israel (722 BC).
  • Edom (v.14): Land south of the Dead Sea; descendants of Esau.
  • Moab (v.14): Land east of the Dead Sea; often in conflict with Israel.

Places on this map

  • EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia
  • Assyrianorthern IraqThe upper Tigris heartland around Nineveh, Calah and Asshur. Its armies reached Israel by following the Fertile Crescent north-west and then south down the coast, so the threat always arrived from the north even though Assyria lay to the east. Wikipedia
  • Edomsouthern JordanThe red sandstone highlands south-east of the Dead Sea, holding the King's Highway and later Petra. Settlements sat behind cliffs and narrow gorges, which is the pride Obadiah addresses when he speaks to those who dwell in the clefts of the rock. Wikipedia
  • Dead SeaIsrael / JordanThe lowest exposed ground on earth, about 1,400 feet below sea level, and roughly ten times saltier than the ocean because water leaves only by evaporation. Nothing lives in it, which is the image Ezekiel 47 overturns when he has it filled with fish. Wikipedia
  • Moabwest-central JordanThe plateau east of the Dead Sea, cut off from Israel by the rift valley and from Ammon by the Arnon gorge. High enough to farm grain, which is why Naomi's family went there in a famine. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik provides detailed exposition of the Branch, the sevenfold Spirit, the peaceable kingdom's interpretation (literal future vs. spiritual present), and the second exodus gathering.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

A Lot of Life From a Stump - Isaiah 11:1-2
David Guzik

THE SPIRIT TIMES SEVEN - Isaiah 11:2
David Guzik

Isaiah 11-12 | A Kingdom of Peace | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the promised king who runs through Isaiah from beginning to end.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Isaiah -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Life From a Stump (v.1) — A shoot grows from the stump of Jesse, life springing from what looked like a dead royal line. What in your life have you written off as finished that God might still bring back to life?
  • The Spirit Resting Fully on Him (v.2) — The sevenfold Spirit of wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, and the fear of the Lord rests completely on this Branch. Which of those qualities do you most need God to supply in you right now?
  • A Child Leading the Reconciled (v.6) — Natural enemies like the wolf and the lamb are pictured at peace, led by a little child. In God's kingdom, influence flows from innocence and trust rather than strength. What childlike trust have you lost that you need back?
  • Enemies Made Peaceable (vv.6-9) — The whole picture of predator and prey coexisting represents the reconciling reach of the Messiah's kingdom. Who in your life feels like a natural adversary that the gospel might actually be able to reconcile you to?
  • The Earth Full of His Knowledge (v.9) — The vision culminates in the whole earth filled with the knowledge of the Lord, as complete as water covering the sea. Are you helping spread that knowledge to others, or keeping what you know to yourself?