Isaiah — Chapter 7

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1Now in the days that Ahaz son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, was king of Judah, Rezin king of Aram marched up to wage war against Jerusalem. He was accompanied by Pekah son of Remaliah the king of Israel, but he could not overpower the city.

2When it was reported to the house of David that Aram was in league with Ephraim, the hearts of Ahaz and his people trembled like trees in the forest shaken by the wind.

3Then the LORD said to Isaiah, “Go out with your son Shear-jashub to meet Ahaz at the end of the aqueduct that feeds the upper pool, on the road to the Launderer’s Field,

4and say to him: Calm down and be quiet. Do not be afraid or disheartened over these two smoldering stubs of firewood—over the fierce anger of Rezin and Aram and of the son of Remaliah.

5For Aram, along with Ephraim and the son of Remaliah, has plotted your ruin, saying:

6‘Let us invade Judah, terrorize it, and divide it among ourselves. Then we can install the son of Tabeal over it as king.’

7But this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘It will not arise; it will not happen.

8For the head of Aram is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin. Within sixty-five years Ephraim will be shattered as a people.

9The head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is the son of Remaliah. If you do not stand firm in your faith, then you will not stand at all.’”

10Again the LORD spoke to Ahaz, saying,

11“Ask for a sign from the LORD your God, whether from the depths of Sheol or the heights of heaven.”

12But Ahaz replied, “I will not ask; I will not test the LORD.”

13Then Isaiah said, “Hear now, O house of David! Is it not enough to try the patience of men? Will you try the patience of my God as well?

14Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin will be with child and give birth to a son, and will call Him Immanuel.

15By the time He knows enough to reject evil and choose good, He will be eating curds and honey.

16For before the boy knows enough to reject evil and choose good, the land of the two kings you dread will be laid waste.

17The LORD will bring on you and on your people and on the house of your father a time unlike any since the day Ephraim separated from Judah—He will bring the king of Assyria.”

18On that day the LORD will whistle to the flies at the farthest streams of the Nile and to the bees in the land of Assyria.

19And they will all come and settle in the steep ravines and clefts of the rocks, in all the thornbushes and watering holes.

20On that day the Lord will use a razor hired from beyond the Euphrates—the king of Assyria—to shave your head and the hair of your legs, and to remove your beard as well.

21On that day a man will raise a young cow and two sheep,

22and from the abundance of milk they give, he will eat curds; for all who remain in the land will eat curds and honey.

23And on that day, in every place that had a thousand vines worth a thousand shekels of silver, only briers and thorns will be found.

24Men will go there with bow and arrow, for the land will be covered with briers and thorns.

25For fear of the briers and thorns, you will no longer traverse the hills once tilled by the hoe; they will become places for oxen to graze and sheep to trample.

1And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it, but could not prevail against it.

2And it was told the house of David, saying, Syria is confederate with Ephraim. And his heart was moved, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the wood are moved with the wind.

3Then said the LORD unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, and Shear-jashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller’s field;

4And say unto him, Take heed, and be quiet; fear not, neither be fainthearted for the two tails of these smoking firebrands, for the fierce anger of Rezin with Syria, and of the son of Remaliah.

5Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah, have taken evil counsel against thee, saying,

6Let us go up against Judah, and vex it, and let us make a breach therein for us, and set a king in the midst of it, even the son of Tabeal:

7Thus saith the Lord GOD, It shall not stand, neither shall it come to pass.

8For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people.

9And the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah’s son. If ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be established.

10Moreover the LORD spake again unto Ahaz, saying,

11Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above.

12But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt the LORD.

13And he said, Hear ye now, O house of David; Is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will ye weary my God also?

14Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

15Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the evil, and choose the good.

16For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her kings.

17The LORD shall bring upon thee, and upon thy people, and upon thy father’s house, days that have not come, from the day that Ephraim departed from Judah; even the king of Assyria.

18And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall hiss for the fly that is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt, and for the bee that is in the land of Assyria.

19And they shall come, and shall rest all of them in the desolate valleys, and in the holes of the rocks, and upon all thorns, and upon all bushes.

20In the same day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, namely, by them beyond the river, by the king of Assyria, the head, and the hair of the feet: and it shall also consume the beard.

21And it shall come to pass in that day, that a man shall nourish a young cow, and two sheep;

22And it shall come to pass, for the abundance of milk that they shall give he shall eat butter: for butter and honey shall every one eat that is left in the land.

23And it shall come to pass in that day, that every place shall be, where there were a thousand vines at a thousand silverlings, it shall even be for briers and thorns.

24With arrows and with bows shall men come thither; because all the land shall become briers and thorns.

25And on all hills that shall be digged with the mattock, there shall not come thither the fear of briers and thorns: but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of lesser cattle.

1And it came to pass in the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up to Jerusalem to war against it, but could not prevail against it.

2And it was told the house of David, saying, Syria is confederate with Ephraim. And his heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest tremble with the wind.

3Then said Jehovah unto Isaiah, Go forth now to meet Ahaz, thou, and Shear-jashub thy son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool, in the highway of the fuller`s field;

4and say unto him, Take heed, and be quiet; fear not, neither let thy heart be faint, because of these two tails of smoking firebrands, for the fierce anger of Rezin and Syria, and of the son of Remaliah.

5Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah, have purposed evil against thee, saying,

6Let us go up against Judah, and vex it, and let us make a breach therein for us, and set up a king in the midst of it, even the son of Tabeel;

7thus saith the Lord Jehovah, It shall not stand, neither shall it come to pass.

8For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken in pieces, so that is shall not be a people:

9and the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah`s son. If ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be established.

10And Jehovah spake again unto Ahaz, saying,

11Ask thee a sign of Jehovah thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above.

12But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt Jehovah.

13And he said, Hear ye now, O house of David: Is it a small thing for you to weary men, that ye will weary my God also?

14Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

15Butter and honey shall he eat, when he knoweth to refuse the evil, and choose the good.

16For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land whose two kings thou abhorrest shall be forsaken.

17Jehovah will bring upon thee, and upon thy people, and upon thy father`s house, days that have not come, from the day that Ephraim departed from Judah-[even] the king of Assyria.

18And it shall come to pass in that day, that Jehovah will hiss for the fly that is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt, and for the bee that is in the land of Assyria.

19And they shall come, and shall rest all of them in the desolate valleys, and in the clefts of the rocks, and upon all thorn-hedges, and upon all pastures.

20In that day will the Lord shave with a razor that is hired in the parts beyond the River, [even] with the king of Assyria, the head and the hair of the feet; and it shall also consume the beard.

21And it shall come to pass in that day, that a man shall keep alive a young cow, and two sheep;

22and it shall come to pass, that because of the abundance of milk which they shall give he shall eat butter: for butter and honey shall every one eat that is left in the midst of the land.

23And it shall come to pass in that day, that every place, where there were a thousand vines at a thousand silverlings, shall be for briers and thorns.

24With arrows and with bow shall one come thither, because all the land shall be briers and thorns.

25And all the hills that were digged with the mattock, thou shalt not come thither for fear of briers and thorns; but it shall be for the sending forth of oxen, and for the treading of sheep.

1During the reign of Ahaz son of Jotham, son of Uzziah, king of Judah, King Rezin of Syria and King Pekah son of Remaliah of Israel marched up to Jerusalem to do battle, but they were unable to prevail against it.

2It was reported to the family of David, “Syria has allied with Ephraim.” They and their people were emotionally shaken, just as the trees of the forest shake before the wind.

3So the Lord told Isaiah, “Go out with your son Shear Jashub and meet Ahaz at the end of the conduit of the upper pool that is located on the road to the field where they wash and dry cloth.

4Tell him, ‘Make sure you stay calm! Don’t be afraid. Don’t be intimidated by these two stubs of smoking logs, or by the raging anger of Rezin, Syria, and the son of Remaliah.

5Syria has plotted with Ephraim and the son of Remaliah to bring about your demise.

6They say, “Let’s attack Judah, terrorize it, and conquer it. Then we’ll set up the son of Tabeel as its king.”

7For this reason the Sovereign Lord says: “‘It will not take place; it will not happen.

8For Syria’s leader is Damascus, and the leader of Damascus is Rezin. Within 65 years Ephraim will no longer exist as a nation.

9Ephraim’s leader is Samaria, and Samaria’s leader is the son of Remaliah. If your faith does not remain firm, then you will not remain secure.’”

10The Lord again spoke to Ahaz:

11“Ask for a confirming sign from the Lord your God. You can even ask for something miraculous.”

12But Ahaz responded, “I don’t want to ask; I don’t want to put the Lord to a test.”

13So Isaiah replied, “Pay attention, family of David. Do you consider it too insignificant to try the patience of men? Is that why you are also trying the patience of my God?

14For this reason the Lord himself will give you a confirming sign. Look, this young woman is about to conceive and will give birth to a son. You, young woman, will name him Immanuel.

15He will eat sour milk and honey, which will help him know how to reject evil and choose what is right.

16Here is why this will be so: Before the child knows how to reject evil and choose what is right, the land whose two kings you fear will be desolate.

17The Lord will bring on you, your people, and your father’s family a time unlike any since Ephraim departed from Judah—the king of Assyria!”

18At that time the Lord will whistle for flies from the distant streams of Egypt and for bees from the land of Assyria.

19All of them will come and make their home in the ravines between the cliffs and in the crevices of the cliffs, in all the thornbushes, and in all the watering holes.

20At that time the Lord will use a razor hired from the banks of the Euphrates River, the king of Assyria, to shave the hair off the head and private parts; it will also shave off the beard.

21At that time a man will keep alive a young cow from the herd and a couple of goats.

22From the abundance of milk they produce, he will have sour milk for his meals. Indeed, everyone left in the heart of the land will eat sour milk and honey.

23At that time every place where there had been 1,000 vines worth 1,000 silver shekels will be overrun with thorns and briers.

24With bow and arrow people will hunt there, for the whole land will be covered with thorns and briers.

25They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated for fear of the thorns and briers. Cattle will graze there, and sheep will trample on them.

1In the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up to Jerusalem to war against it, but could not prevail against it.

2David’s house was told, “Syria is allied with Ephraim.” His heart trembled, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the forest tremble with the wind.

3Then Yahweh said to Isaiah, “Go out now to meet Ahaz, you, and Shearjashub your son, at the end of the conduit of the upper pool, on the highway of the fuller’s field.

4Tell him, ‘Be careful, and keep calm. Don’t be afraid, neither let your heart be faint because of these two tails of smoking torches, for the fierce anger of Rezin and Syria, and of the son of Remaliah.

5Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah, have plotted evil against you, saying,

6“Let’s go up against Judah, and tear it apart, and let’s divide it among ourselves, and set up a king within it, even the son of Tabeel.”

7This is what the Lord Yahweh says: “It shall not stand, neither shall it happen.”

8For the head of Syria is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin; and within sixty-five years Ephraim shall be broken in pieces, so that it shall not be a people;

9and the head of Ephraim is Samaria, and the head of Samaria is Remaliah’s son. If you will not believe, surely you shall not be established.’”

10Yahweh spoke again to Ahaz, saying,

11“Ask a sign of Yahweh your God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above.”

12But Ahaz said, “I will not ask, neither will I tempt Yahweh.”

13He said, “Listen now, house of David. Is it not enough for you to try the patience of men, that you will try the patience of my God also?

14Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, the virgin will conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

15He shall eat butter and honey when he knows to refuse the evil, and choose the good.

16For before the child knows to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land whose two kings you abhor shall be forsaken.

17Yahweh will bring on you, on your people, and on your father’s house, days that have not come, from the day that Ephraim departed from Judah; even the king of Assyria.

18It will happen in that day that Yahweh will whistle for the fly that is in the uttermost part of the rivers of Egypt, and for the bee that is in the land of Assyria.

19They shall come, and shall all rest in the desolate valleys, in the clefts of the rocks, on all thorn hedges, and on all pastures.

20In that day the Lord will shave with a razor that is hired in the parts beyond the River, even with the king of Assyria, the head and the hair of the feet; and it shall also consume the beard.

21It shall happen in that day that a man shall keep alive a young cow, and two sheep;

22and it shall happen, that because of the abundance of milk which they shall give he shall eat butter: for everyone will eat butter and honey that is left within the land.

23It will happen in that day that every place where there were a thousand vines at a thousand silver shekels, shall be for briers and thorns.

24People will go there with arrows and with bow, because all the land will be briers and thorns.

25All the hills that were cultivated with the hoe, you shall not come there for fear of briers and thorns; but it shall be for the sending out of oxen, and for the treading of sheep.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

When Syria and Israel join forces against Jerusalem during the Syro-Ephraimite crisis, God sends Isaiah to meet King Ahaz and tell him not to fear these two "smoldering stumps," for their plan will not succeed (vv. 1-9). God offers Ahaz any sign he wants, but Ahaz refuses, hiding behind false piety (vv. 10-12). Isaiah rebukes him and gives a sign anyway: a young woman will conceive and bear a son named Immanuel, meaning "God with us," and before the boy is old enough to know right from wrong, both threatening kings will be gone (vv. 13-16). Isaiah then warns that God will bring days of trouble on Judah itself through the king of Assyria, turning the land to briers and thorns (vv. 17-25).

Authorship & Background

Author: Isaiah son of Amoz (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Narrative — The Immanuel Sign
Key Themes: Faith tested by political crisis, the offer of a sign refused, the virgin birth prophecy, Immanuel ("God with us"), Assyria as God's razor shaving Judah bare
Historical Context: Approximately 735 BC. Syria (under Rezin) and the northern kingdom Israel (under Pekah) form an alliance to resist Assyria. They want Judah to join; when Ahaz refuses, they invade to replace him with a puppet king ("the son of Tabeal," v.6). Ahaz panics. God sends Isaiah with his son Shear-jashub ("a remnant shall return") to meet Ahaz at the aqueduct — telling him: don'T fear these two "smoking stubs of firebrands." God offers any sign Ahaz wants (v.11). Ahaz refuses (pious excuse: "I won't test God") — actually because he's already decided to appeal to Assyria for help (2 Kings 16:7). Isaiah gives the sign anyway: the virgin/young woman will bear Immanuel. Before the child knows right from wrong, both threatening nations will be destroyed. But because Ahaz chose Assyria over God, Assyria will also devastate Judah (vv.17-25).
The Syro-Ephraimite Alliance (vv.1-2): Rezin king of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it. The situation is 735 BC. Damascus and Samaria have allied against Assyria, they want Judah in the coalition, and verse 6 says they intend to replace Ahaz with a compliant king. The reaction in Jerusalem is reported physically rather than politically, his heart was moved, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the wood are moved with the wind.
Fear Not, Neither Be Fainthearted (vv.3-9): Isaiah is sent to meet the king at the end of the conduit of the upper pool, which means the king is inspecting the water supply against a siege. He is told to bring his son, and the son's name is part of the message: Shear-jashub means a remnant shall return. The two kings are dismissed as smoking firebrands and the coalition given a shelf life, within threescore and five years shall Ephraim be broken. And the chapter's key sentence is a wordplay on believing and standing firm that survives translation only roughly, if ye will not believe, surely ye shall not be established.
Ask Thee a Sign (vv.10-11): The LORD spake again unto Ahaz, saying, Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God, ask it either in the depth, or in the height above. The offer has no limit and no condition on it, which is what makes the next verse remarkable. A king under military threat is invited to name any sign he likes.
I Will Not Ask (v.12): But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt the LORD. The refusal is dressed as piety and even quotes Deuteronomy 6:16. What 2 Kings 16 records him doing instead settles what it actually was: he sent the silver and gold of the temple to the king of Assyria and asked for help, and had a Damascene altar copied for the temple courts. He had already chosen a protector, and declining the sign was how he avoided being told so.
Behold, a Virgin Shall Conceive (vv.13-16): The sign is given anyway, therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign, Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. The Hebrew word is almah, a young woman of marriageable age; the Septuagint translators rendered it parthenos, which does mean virgin specifically, and Matthew 1:23 quotes that Greek of the birth of Jesus. What the sign does in its own setting is act as a clock, and the next verse says so, before the child shall know to refuse the evil and choose the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her kings. Damascus fell in 732 and Samaria in 722, so the sign was measurable inside a childhood.
Assyria as a Hired Razor (vv.17-25): The consequence of the choice Ahaz has already made, the LORD shall bring upon thee the king of Assyria. The images are domestic and humiliating rather than martial: the LORD shall hiss for the fly that is in Egypt and for the bee in Assyria, and in the same day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, the head, and the hair of the feet, and shall also consume the beard. A hired razor is a foreign army on the payroll, which is precisely what the tribute bought. And the chapter ends with farmland reverting to scrub, a man keeping a cow and two sheep and living on curds and honey because the vineyards are gone, and all the hills become briers and thorns.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.1): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.
  • Damascus (v.8): Ancient Syrian city; site of Paul's conversion.
  • Samaria (v.9): Central region between Judea and Galilee; mixed Jewish-Gentile population.
  • Assyria (v.17, v.18, v.20): Empire to the northeast that conquered the northern kingdom of Israel (722 BC).
  • Egypt (v.18): Land to the southwest; place of Israel's bondage and exodus.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia
  • DamascusDamascus, SyriaAn oasis city where the Barada river runs out of the Anti-Lebanon into the desert, about 135 miles north-east of Jerusalem. It sat astride the caravan roads to Mesopotamia and Arabia, which made Aram rich and made it Israel's most persistent northern rival. Wikipedia
  • SamariaSebastia, West BankOmri bought a bare hill and built a capital on it, which gave the northern kingdom a fortress with no prior claim on it, the same calculation David made with Jerusalem. It commands the pass west toward the coastal plain. The name later spread to the whole region between Galilee and Judea. Wikipedia
  • Galileenorthern IsraelThe northern hill country above the Jezreel Valley, wetter and greener than Judah and crossed by the trade road to Damascus. That traffic is why Judeans considered it mixed and provincial, and why Jesus grew up hearing more than one language. Wikipedia
  • Assyrianorthern IraqThe upper Tigris heartland around Nineveh, Calah and Asshur. Its armies reached Israel by following the Fertile Crescent north-west and then south down the coast, so the threat always arrived from the north even though Assyria lay to the east. Wikipedia
  • EgyptEgyptA ribbon of irrigated land along the Nile, ending in the Delta where Israel settled in Goshen. Rain-fed Canaan depended on weather; Egypt depended on a river that flooded on schedule, which made it the place everyone went when the harvest failed. Wikipedia
  • AramSyriaThe Syrian interior north-east of Israel, a set of city-states rather than one kingdom, with Damascus the strongest. Aramaic, its language, became the everyday speech of the whole region including Judea. Wikipedia
  • Judeasouthern Israel and the West BankThe southern hill country around Jerusalem, high, stony and dry, with the wilderness on one side and the Philistine plain on the other. Poor farming and hard access are what let it stay independent longest. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik provides careful exposition of the historical crisis, the almah/virgin debate, the near and far fulfillment of the Immanuel prophecy, and Ahaz's faithless refusal.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

The Best Sign of All - Isaiah 7:13-14
David Guzik

A Promise For Near and Far - Isaiah 7:13-16
David Guzik

Only Sounding Spiritual - Isaiah 7:10-12
David Guzik

Isaiah 7:1-9:7 | God With Us | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the promised king who runs through Isaiah from beginning to end.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Isaiah -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Faith Tied to Stability (v.9) — Isaiah warns Ahaz that if he will not believe, he will not be established, connecting national security directly to trust in God rather than political maneuvering. In your own crisis moments, are you reaching for God's promises or for a human fix that feels more certain?
  • Spiritual-Sounding Disobedience (v.12) — Ahaz refuses God's offered sign with pious language about not testing the Lord, when he had already decided to seek help from Assyria instead. Where might you be dressing up a lack of trust in God as humility or caution?
  • A Sign Given Anyway (v.14) — God gives the Immanuel sign even though Ahaz refused to ask for one, showing His plans don't hinge on human cooperation. Where has God moved in your life in spite of your hesitation or unbelief, not because of your faith?
  • God With Us (v.14) — The name Immanuel means God with us, an answer that doesn't remove the threat Ahaz faced but promises God's presence in the middle of it. Is God's nearness enough for you when circumstances refuse to change?
  • The Rescue That Becomes the Ruin (vv.17-25) — Assyria, the nation Ahaz turned to instead of God, becomes the very power that later devastates Judah. What alternative to trusting God are you leaning on that could end up costing you more than the problem it was meant to solve?