Isaiah — Chapter 40

Loading ESV text...

1Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God.

2Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath received of the LORD’S hand double for all her sins.

3The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.

4Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain:

5And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.

6The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field:

7The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the LORD bloweth upon it: surely the people is grass.

8The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.

9O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God!

10Behold, the Lord GOD will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him.

11He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young.

12Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance?

13Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his counsellor hath taught him?

14With whom took he counsel, and who instructed him, and taught him in the path of judgment, and taught him knowledge, and shewed to him the way of understanding?

15Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small dust of the balance: behold, he taketh up the isles as a very little thing.

16And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for a burnt offering.

17All nations before him are as nothing; and they are counted to him less than nothing, and vanity.

18To whom then will ye liken God? or what likeness will ye compare unto him?

19The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldsmith spreadeth it over with gold, and casteth silver chains.

20He that is so impoverished that he hath no oblation chooseth a tree that will not rot; he seeketh unto him a cunning workman to prepare a graven image, that shall not be moved.

21Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?

22It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in:

23That bringeth the princes to nothing; he maketh the judges of the earth as vanity.

24Yea, they shall not be planted; yea, they shall not be sown: yea, their stock shall not take root in the earth: and he shall also blow upon them, and they shall wither, and the whirlwind shall take them away as stubble.

25To whom then will ye liken me, or shall I be equal? saith the Holy One.

26Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things, that bringeth out their host by number: he calleth them all by names by the greatness of his might, for that he is strong in power; not one faileth.

27Why sayest thou, O Jacob, and speakest, O Israel, My way is hid from the LORD, and my judgment is passed over from my God?

28Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of his understanding.

29He giveth power to the faint; and to them that have no might he increaseth strength.

30Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall:

31But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.

1Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God.

2Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem; and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned, that she hath received of Jehovah`s hand double for all her sins.

3The voice of one that crieth, Prepare ye in the wilderness the way of Jehovah; make level in the desert a highway for our God.

4Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low; and the uneven shall be made level, and the rough places a plain:

5and the glory of Jehovah shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together; for the mouth of Jehovah hath spoken it.

6The voice of one saying, Cry. And one said, What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field.

7The grass withereth, the flower fadeth, because the breath of Jehovah bloweth upon it; surely the people is grass.

8The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; but the word of our God shall stand forever.

9O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion, get thee up on a high mountain; O thou that tellest good tidings to Jerusalem, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold, your God!

10Behold, the Lord Jehovah will come as a mighty one, and his arm will rule for him: Behold, his reward is with him, and his recompense before him.

11He will feed his flock like a shepherd, he will gather the lambs in his arm, and carry them in his bosom, [and] will gently lead those that have their young.

12Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance?

13Who hath directed the Spirit of Jehovah, or being his counsellor hath taught him?

14With whom took he counsel, and who instructed him, and taught him in the path of justice, and taught him knowledge, and showed to him the way of understanding?

15Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are accounted as the small dust of the balance: Behold, he taketh up the isles as a very little thing.

16And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for a burnt-offering.

17All the nations are as nothing before him; they are accounted by him as less than nothing, and vanity.

18To whom then will ye liken God? or what likeness will ye compare unto him?

19The image, a workman hath cast [it], and the goldsmith overlayeth it with gold, and casteth [for it] silver chains.

20He that is too impoverished for [such] an oblation chooseth a tree that will not rot; he seeketh unto him a skilful workman to set up a graven image, that shall not be moved.

21Have ye not known? have yet not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?

22[It is] he that sitteth above the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in;

23that bringeth princes to nothing; that maketh the judges of the earth as vanity.

24Yea, they have not been planted; yea, they have not been sown; yea, their stock hath not taken root in the earth: moreover he bloweth upon them, and they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble.

25To whom then will ye liken me, that I should be equal [to him]? saith the Holy One.

26Lift up your eyes on high, and see who hath created these, that bringeth out their host by number; he calleth them all by name; by the greatness of his might, and for that he is strong in power, not one is lacking.

27Why sayest thou, O Jacob, and speakest, O Israel, My way is hid from Jehovah, and the justice [due] to me is passed away from my God?

28Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard? The everlasting God, Jehovah, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary; there is no searching of his understanding.

29He giveth power to the faint; and to him that hath no might he increaseth strength.

30Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall:

31but they that wait for Jehovah shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; they shall walk, and not faint.

1“Comfort, comfort my people,” says your God.

2“Speak kindly to Jerusalem and tell her that her time of warfare is over, that her punishment is completed. For the Lord has made her pay double for all her sins.”

3A voice cries out, “In the wilderness clear a way for the Lord; build a level road through the rift valley for our God.

4Every valley must be elevated and every mountain and hill leveled. The rough terrain will become a level plain, the rugged landscape a wide valley.

5The splendor of the Lord will be revealed, and all people will see it at the same time. For the Lord has decreed it.”

6A voice says, “Cry out!” Another asks, “What should I cry out?” The first voice responds: “All people are like grass, and all their promises are like the flowers in the field.

7The grass dries up, the flowers wither, when the wind sent by the Lord blows on them. Surely humanity is like grass.

8The grass dries up, the flowers wither, but the decree of our God is forever reliable.”

9Go up on a high mountain, O herald Zion. Shout out loudly, O herald Jerusalem! Shout, don’t be afraid! Say to the towns of Judah, “Here is your God!”

10Look, the Sovereign Lord comes as a victorious warrior; his military power establishes his rule. Look, his reward is with him; his prize goes before him.

11Like a shepherd he tends his flock; he gathers up the lambs with his arm; he carries them close to his heart; he leads the ewes along.

12Who has measured out the waters in the hollow of his hand, or carefully measured the sky, or carefully weighed the soil of the earth, or weighed the mountains in a balance, or the hills on scales?

13Who comprehends the mind of the Lord, or gives him instruction as his counselor?

14From whom does he receive directions? Who teaches him the correct way to do things, or imparts knowledge to him, or instructs him in skillful design?

15Look, the nations are like a drop in a bucket; they are regarded as dust on the scales. He lifts the coastlands as if they were dust.

16Not even Lebanon could supply enough firewood for a sacrifice; its wild animals would not provide enough burnt offerings.

17All the nations are insignificant before him; they are regarded as absolutely nothing.

18To whom can you compare God? To what image can you liken him?

19A craftsman casts an idol; a metalsmith overlays it with gold and forges silver chains for it.

20To make a contribution one selects wood that will not rot; he then seeks a skilled craftsman to make an idol that will not fall over.

21Do you not know? Do you not hear? Has it not been told to you since the very beginning? Have you not understood from the time the earth’s foundations were made?

22He is the one who sits on the earth’s horizon; its inhabitants are like grasshoppers before him. He is the one who stretches out the sky like a thin curtain, and spreads it out like a pitched tent.

23He is the one who reduces rulers to nothing; he makes the earth’s leaders insignificant.

24Indeed, they are barely planted; yes, they are barely sown; yes, they barely take root in the earth, and then he blows on them, causing them to dry up, and the wind carries them away like straw.

25“To whom can you compare me? Whom do I resemble?” says the Holy One.

26Look up at the sky! Who created all these heavenly lights? He is the one who leads out their ranks; he calls them all by name. Because of his absolute power and awesome strength, not one of them is missing.

27Why do you say, Jacob, Why do you say, Israel, “The Lord is not aware of what is happening to me; my God is not concerned with my vindication”?

28Do you not know? Have you not heard? The Lord is an eternal God, the Creator of the whole earth. He does not get tired or weary; there is no limit to his wisdom.

29He gives strength to those who are tired; to the ones who lack power, he gives renewed energy.

30Even youths get tired and weary; even strong young men clumsily stumble.

31But those who wait for the Lord’s help find renewed strength; they rise up as if they had eagles’ wings, they run without growing weary, they walk without getting tired.

1“Comfort, comfort my people,” says your God.

2“Speak comfortably to Jerusalem; and call out to her that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned, that she has received of Yahweh’s hand double for all her sins.”

3The voice of one who calls out, “Prepare the way of Yahweh in the wilderness! Make a level highway in the desert for our God.

4Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low. The uneven shall be made level, and the rough places a plain.

5Yahweh’s glory shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together; for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it.”

6The voice of one saying, “Cry!” One said, “What shall I cry?” “All flesh is like grass, and all its glory is like the flower of the field.

7The grass withers, the flower fades, because Yahweh’s breath blows on it. Surely the people are like grass.

8The grass withers, the flower fades; but the word of our God stands forever.”

9You who tell good news to Zion, go up on a high mountain. You who tell good news to Jerusalem, lift up your voice with strength. Lift it up. Don’t be afraid. Say to the cities of Judah, “Behold, your God!”

10Behold, the Lord Yahweh will come as a mighty one, and his arm will rule for him. Behold, his reward is with him, and his recompense before him.

11He will feed his flock like a shepherd. He will gather the lambs in his arm, and carry them in his bosom. He will gently lead those who have their young.

12Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and marked off the sky with his span, and calculated the dust of the earth in a measuring basket, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance?

13Who has directed Yahweh’s Spirit, or has taught him as his counselor?

14Who did he take counsel with, and who instructed him, and taught him in the path of justice, and taught him knowledge, and showed him the way of understanding?

15Behold, the nations are like a drop in a bucket, and are regarded as a speck of dust on a balance. Behold, he lifts up the islands like a very little thing.

16Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor its animals sufficient for a burnt offering.

17All the nations are like nothing before him. They are regarded by him as less than nothing, and vanity.

18To whom then will you liken God? Or what likeness will you compare to him?

19A workman has cast an image, and the goldsmith overlays it with gold, and casts silver chains for it.

20He who is too impoverished for such an offering chooses a tree that will not rot. He seeks a skillful workman to set up a carved image for him that will not be moved.

21Haven’t you known? Haven’t you heard? Haven’t you been told from the beginning? Haven’t you understood from the foundations of the earth?

22It is he who sits above the circle of the earth, and its inhabitants are like grasshoppers; who stretches out the heavens like a curtain, and spreads them out like a tent to dwell in;

23who brings princes to nothing; who makes the judges of the earth like meaningless.

24They are planted scarcely. They are sown scarcely. Their stock has scarcely taken root in the ground. He merely blows on them, and they wither, and the whirlwind takes them away as stubble.

25“To whom then will you liken me? Who is my equal?” says the Holy One.

26Lift up your eyes on high, and see who has created these, who brings out their army by number. He calls them all by name. by the greatness of his might, and because he is strong in power, Not one is lacking.

27Why do you say, Jacob, and speak, Israel, “My way is hidden from Yahweh, and the justice due me is disregarded by my God?”

28Haven’t you known? Haven’t you heard? The everlasting God, Yahweh, The Creator of the ends of the earth, doesn’t faint. He isn’t weary. His understanding is unsearchable.

29He gives power to the weak. He increases the strength of him who has no might.

30Even the youths faint and get weary, and the young men utterly fall;

31But those who wait for Yahweh will renew their strength. They will mount up with wings like eagles. They will run, and not be weary. They will walk, and not faint.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

"Comfort ye, comfort ye my people" — the magnificent opening of Isaiah's second half. God's warfare is accomplished, her iniquity pardoned. A voice cries in the wilderness to prepare the way. All flesh is grass, but God's word stands forever. The LORD comes with His reward, carries lambs in His bosom, and is incomparably great — measuring the waters in His palm, stretching out the heavens, calling the stars by name. Those who wait on the LORD renew their strength.

Authorship & Background

Author: Isaiah son of Amoz (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Comfort Oracle — Opening of the "Book of Comfort" (chs. 40-66) Key Themes: Comfort after judgment, the voice in the wilderness (John the Baptist), the transience of humanity vs. the permanence of God's word, the incomparable greatness of God, mounting up with eagle's wings
Historical Context: Chapter 40 marks a dramatic shift in Isaiah. The first 39 chapters dealt primarily with judgment (Assyrian crisis); chapters 40-66 are dominated by comfort, restoration, and the work of the Servant. The perspective shifts to address Babylonian exiles — those who need to hear "your warfare is accomplished." This chapter functions as the overture to the entire second half of Isaiah, introducing its major themes: comfort, God's incomparability, the preparation of the way (fulfilled in John the Baptist, Mark 1:3), and renewed strength for the weary.
Structure:
  • Comfort My People: Warfare Accomplished (vv.1-2)
  • The Voice in the Wilderness (vv.3-5)
  • All Flesh is Grass; God's Word Stands (vv.6-8)
  • Good Tidings to Zion: God Comes (vv.9-11)
  • The Incomparable Creator (vv.12-17)
  • Idols vs. the Living God (vv.18-20)
  • God Sits Above the Circle of the Earth (vv.21-26)
  • Why Do You Say God Doesn't See? (vv.27-28)
  • Those Who Wait Renew Their Strength (vv.29-31)

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.2, v.9): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.
  • Zion (v.9): The hill on which Jerusalem/the Temple stood; often used poetically for God's dwelling.
  • Lebanon (v.16): Region north of Israel known for its cedar forests.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com
  • Charles Spurgeon: Sermon: "The Inexhaustible God" (MTP Vol. 36, No. 2122) "'They that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength.' Not they that work, not they that worry, not they that run ahead — they that WAIT. The eagle does not flap frantically; it spreads its wings and catches the updraft. Wait for God's wind."

Reflection

  • 1. "Comfort ye, comfort ye" (v.1). If you've been living under condemnation (from God, from yourself, from others), hear this: God's posture toward His repentant people is COMFORT. He's not endlessly angry. After discipline comes tenderness.
  • 2. "All flesh is grass" (v.6). You are temporary. Your career, your body, your influence — grass. But God's word is eternal. Build your life on what lasts, not on what withers.
  • 3. The shepherd carries lambs in His bosom (v.11). You are not too small for God's personal attention. He carries the weak ones — not at arm's length but against His chest. If you feel small and weak today, that's exactly who He carries closest.
  • 4. "They that WAIT shall renew" (v.31). The hardest spiritual discipline: waiting. Not working harder, not running faster — WAITING. Eagles fly not by flapping but by catching the wind. Stop flapping. Spread your wings and wait for God's thermal.
  • 5. God calls stars by name (v.26). He names and numbers every star — and He knows YOUR name. The God of galaxies is the God of individuals. You are not lost in the cosmic crowd.