Isaiah — Chapter 5

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1I will sing for my beloved a song of his vineyard: My beloved had a vineyard on a very fertile hill.

2He dug it up and cleared the stones and planted the finest vines. He built a watchtower in the middle and dug out a winepress as well. He waited for the vineyard to yield good grapes, but the fruit it produced was sour!

3“And now, O dwellers of Jerusalem and men of Judah, I exhort you to judge between Me and My vineyard.

4What more could have been done for My vineyard than I have done for it? Why, when I expected sweet grapes, did it bring forth sour fruit?

5Now I will tell you what I am about to do to My vineyard: I will take away its hedge, and it will be consumed; I will tear down its wall, and it will be trampled.

6I will make it a wasteland, neither pruned nor cultivated, and thorns and briers will grow up. I will command the clouds that rain shall not fall on it.”

7For the vineyard of the LORD of Hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah are the plant of His delight. He looked for justice, but saw bloodshed; for righteousness, but heard a cry of distress.

8Woe to you who add house to house and join field to field until no place is left and you live alone in the land.

9I heard the LORD of Hosts declare: “Surely many houses will become desolate, great mansions left unoccupied.

10For ten acres of vineyard will yield but a bath of wine, and a homer of seed only an ephah of grain.”

11Woe to those who rise early in the morning in pursuit of strong drink, who linger into the evening, to be inflamed by wine.

12At their feasts are the lyre and harp, tambourines and flutes and wine. They disregard the actions of the LORD and fail to see the work of His hands.

13Therefore My people will go into exile for their lack of understanding; their dignitaries are starving and their masses are parched with thirst.

14Therefore Sheol enlarges its throat and opens wide its enormous jaws, and down go Zion’s nobles and masses, her revelers and carousers!

15So mankind will be brought low, and each man humbled; the arrogant will lower their eyes.

16But the LORD of Hosts will be exalted by His justice, and the holy God will show Himself holy in righteousness.

17Lambs will graze as in their own pastures, and strangers will feed in the ruins of the wealthy.

18Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of deceit and pull sin along with cart ropes,

19to those who say, “Let Him hurry and hasten His work so that we may see it! Let the plan of the Holy One of Israel come so that we may know it!”

20Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who turn darkness to light and light to darkness, who replace bitter with sweet and sweet with bitter.

21Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes and clever in their own sight.

22Woe to those who are heroes in drinking wine and champions in mixing strong drink,

23who acquit the guilty for a bribe and deprive the innocent of justice.

24Therefore, as a tongue of fire consumes the straw, and as dry grass shrivels in the flame, so their roots will decay and their blossoms will blow away like dust; for they have rejected the instruction of the LORD of Hosts and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

25Therefore the anger of the LORD burns against His people; His hand is raised against them to strike them down. The mountains quake, and the corpses lie like refuse in the streets. Despite all this, His anger is not turned away; His hand is still upraised.

26He lifts a banner for the distant nations and whistles for those at the ends of the earth. Behold—how speedily and swiftly they come!

27None of them grows weary or stumbles; no one slumbers or sleeps. No belt is loose and no sandal strap is broken.

28Their arrows are sharpened, and all their bows are strung. The hooves of their horses are like flint; their chariot wheels are like a whirlwind.

29Their roaring is like that of a lion; they roar like young lions. They growl and seize their prey; they carry it away, and no one can rescue it.

30In that day they will roar over it, like the roaring of the sea. If one looks over the land, he will see darkness and distress; even the light will be obscured by clouds.

1Now will I sing to my wellbeloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. My wellbeloved hath a vineyard in a very fruitful hill:

2And he fenced it, and gathered out the stones thereof, and planted it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and also made a winepress therein: and he looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes.

3And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard.

4What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?

5And now go to; I will tell you what I will do to my vineyard: I will take away the hedge thereof, and it shall be eaten up; and break down the wall thereof, and it shall be trodden down:

6And I will lay it waste: it shall not be pruned, nor digged; but there shall come up briers and thorns: I will also command the clouds that they rain no rain upon it.

7For the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry.

8Woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field to field, till there be no place, that they may be placed alone in the midst of the earth!

9In mine ears said the LORD of hosts, Of a truth many houses shall be desolate, even great and fair, without inhabitant.

10Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah.

11Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, till wine inflame them!

12And the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine, are in their feasts: but they regard not the work of the LORD, neither consider the operation of his hands.

13Therefore my people are gone into captivity, because they have no knowledge: and their honourable men are famished, and their multitude dried up with thirst.

14Therefore hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth without measure: and their glory, and their multitude, and their pomp, and he that rejoiceth, shall descend into it.

15And the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled:

16But the LORD of hosts shall be exalted in judgment, and God that is holy shall be sanctified in righteousness.

17Then shall the lambs feed after their manner, and the waste places of the fat ones shall strangers eat.

18Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope:

19That say, Let him make speed, and hasten his work, that we may see it: and let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw nigh and come, that we may know it!

20Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!

21Woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight!

22Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink:

23Which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him!

24Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have cast away the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

25Therefore is the anger of the LORD kindled against his people, and he hath stretched forth his hand against them, and hath smitten them: and the hills did tremble, and their carcases were torn in the midst of the streets. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.

26And he will lift up an ensign to the nations from far, and will hiss unto them from the end of the earth: and, behold, they shall come with speed swiftly:

27None shall be weary nor stumble among them; none shall slumber nor sleep; neither shall the girdle of their loins be loosed, nor the latchet of their shoes be broken:

28Whose arrows are sharp, and all their bows bent, their horses’ hoofs shall be counted like flint, and their wheels like a whirlwind:

29Their roaring shall be like a lion, they shall roar like young lions: yea, they shall roar, and lay hold of the prey, and shall carry it away safe, and none shall deliver it.

30And in that day they shall roar against them like the roaring of the sea: and if one look unto the land, behold darkness and sorrow, and the light is darkened in the heavens thereof.

1Let me sing for my wellbeloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. My wellbeloved had a vineyard in a very fruitful hill:

2and he digged it, and gathered out the stones thereof, and planted it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and also hewed out a winepress therein: and he looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes.

3And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard.

4What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, brought it forth wild grapes?

5And now I will tell you what I will do to my vineyard: I will take away the hedge thereof, and it shall be eaten up; I will break down the wall thereof, and it shall be trodden down:

6and I will lay it waste; it shall not be pruned nor hoed; but there shall come up briers and thorns: I will also command the clouds that they rain no rain upon it.

7For the vineyard of Jehovah of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for justice, but, behold, oppression; for righteousness, but, behold, a cry.

8Woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field to field, till there be no room, and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land!

9In mine ears [saith] Jehovah of hosts, Of a truth many houses shall be desolate, even great and fair, without inhabitant.

10For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and a homer of seed shall yield [but] an ephah.

11Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that tarry late into the night, till wine inflame them!

12And the harp and the lute, the tabret and the pipe, and wine, are [in] their feasts; but they regard not the work of Jehovah, neither have they considered the operation of his hands.

13Therefore my people are gone into captivity for lack of knowledge; and their honorable men are famished, and their multitude are parched with thirst.

14Therefore Sheol hath enlarged its desire, and opened its mouth without measure; and their glory, and their multitude, and their pomp, and he that rejoiceth among them, descend [into it].

15And the mean man is bowed down, and the great man is humbled, and the eyes of the lofty are humbled:

16but Jehovah of hosts is exalted in justice, and God the Holy One is sanctified in righteousness.

17Then shall the lambs feed as in their pasture, and the waste places of the fat ones shall wanderers eat.

18Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of falsehood, and sin as it were with a cart rope;

19that say, Let him make speed, let him hasten his work, that we may see it; and let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw nigh and come, that we may know it!

20Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil; that put darkness for light, and light for darkness; that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!

21Woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight!

22Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink;

23that justify the wicked for a bribe, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him!

24Therefore as the tongue of fire devoureth the stubble, and as the dry grass sinketh down in the flame, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust; because they have rejected the law of Jehovah of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

25Therefore is the anger of Jehovah kindled against his people, and he hath stretched forth his hand against them, and hath smitten them; and the mountains tremble, and their dead bodies are as refuse in the midst of the streets. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still.

26And he will lift up an ensign to the nations from far, and will hiss for them from the end of the earth; and, behold, they shall come with speed swiftly.

27None shall be weary nor stumble among them; none shall slumber nor sleep; neither shall the girdle of their loins be loosed, nor the latchet of their shoes be broken:

28whose arrows are sharp, and all their bows bent; their horses` hoofs shall be accounted as flint, and their wheels as a whirlwind:

29their roaring shall be like a lioness, they shall roar like young lions; yea, they shall roar, and lay hold of the prey, and carry it away safe, and there shall be none to deliver.

30And they shall roar against them in that day like the roaring of the sea: and if one look unto the land, behold, darkness [and] distress; and the light is darkened in the clouds thereof.

1I will sing to my love— a song to my lover about his vineyard. My love had a vineyard on a fertile hill.

2He built a hedge around it, removed its stones, and planted a vine. He built a tower in the middle of it and constructed a winepress. He waited for it to produce edible grapes, but it produced sour ones instead.

3So now, residents of Jerusalem, people of Judah, you decide between me and my vineyard!

4What more can I do for my vineyard beyond what I have already done? When I waited for it to produce edible grapes, why did it produce sour ones instead?

5Now I will inform you what I am about to do to my vineyard: I will remove its hedge and turn it into pasture, I will break its wall and allow animals to graze there.

6I will make it a wasteland; no one will prune its vines or hoe its ground, and thorns and briers will grow there. I will order the clouds not to drop any rain on it.

7Indeed, Israel is the vineyard of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the people of Judah are the cultivated place in which he took delight. He waited for justice, but look what he got—disobedience! He waited for fairness, but look what he got—cries for help!

8Beware, those who accumulate houses, who also accumulate field after field until there is no land left, and you are the only landowners remaining within the land.

9The Lord of Heaven’s Armies told me this: “Many houses will certainly become desolate, large, impressive houses will have no one living in them.

10Indeed, a large vineyard will produce just a few gallons, and enough seed to yield several bushels will produce less than a bushel.”

11Beware, those who get up early to drink beer, those who keep drinking long after dark until they are intoxicated with wine.

12They have stringed instruments, tambourines, flutes, and wine at their parties. So they do not recognize what the Lord is doing, they do not perceive what he is bringing about.

13Therefore my people will be deported because of their lack of understanding. Their leaders will have nothing to eat, their masses will have nothing to drink.

14So Death will open up its throat, and open wide its mouth; Zion’s dignitaries and masses will descend into it, including those who revel and celebrate within her.

15Men will be humiliated, they will be brought low; the proud will be brought low.

16The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will be exalted when he punishes, the holy God’s authority will be recognized when he judges.

17Lambs will graze as if in their pastures, amid the ruins the rich sojourners will graze.

18Beware, those who pull evil along using cords of emptiness are as good as dead, who pull sin as with cart ropes.

19They say, “Let him hurry, let him act quickly, so we can see; let the plan of the Holy One of Israel take shape and come to pass, then we will know it!”

20Beware, those who call evil good and good evil, who turn darkness into light and light into darkness, who turn bitter into sweet and sweet into bitter.

21Beware, those who think they are wise, those who think they possess understanding.

22Beware, those who are champions at drinking, who display great courage when mixing strong drinks.

23They pronounce the guilty innocent for a payoff, they ignore the just cause of the innocent.

24Therefore, as flaming fire devours straw and dry grass disintegrates in the flames, so their root will rot, and their flower will blow away like dust. For they have rejected the law of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, they have spurned the commands of the Holy One of Israel.

25So the Lord is furious with his people; he lifts his hand and strikes them. The mountains shake, and corpses lie like manure in the middle of the streets. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again.

26He lifts a signal flag for a distant nation, he whistles for it to come from the far regions of the earth. Look, they come quickly and swiftly.

27None tire or stumble, they don’t stop to nap or sleep. They don’t loosen their belts or unstrap their sandals to rest.

28Their arrows are sharpened, and all their bows are prepared. The hooves of their horses are hard as flint, and their chariot wheels are like a windstorm.

29Their roar is like a lion’s; they roar like young lions. They growl and seize their prey; they drag it away and no one can come to the rescue.

30At that time they will growl over their prey, it will sound like sea waves crashing against rocks. One will look out over the land and see the darkness of disaster, clouds will turn the light into darkness.

1Let me sing for my well beloved a song of my beloved about his vineyard. My beloved had a vineyard on a very fruitful hill.

2He dug it up, gathered out its stones, planted it with the choicest vine, built a tower in the middle of it, and also cut out a wine press therein. He looked for it to yield grapes, but it yielded wild grapes.

3“Now, inhabitants of Jerusalem and men of Judah, please judge between me and my vineyard.

4What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? Why, when I looked for it to yield grapes, did it yield wild grapes?

5Now I will tell you what I will do to my vineyard. I will take away its hedge, and it will be eaten up. I will break down its wall, and it will be trampled down.

6I will lay it a wasteland. It won’t be pruned nor hoed, but it will grow briers and thorns. I will also command the clouds that they rain no rain on it.”

7For the vineyard of Yahweh of Armies is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for justice, but, behold, oppression; for righteousness, but, behold, a cry of distress.

8Woe to those who join house to house, who lay field to field, until there is no room, and you are made to dwell alone in the middle of the land!

9In my ears, Yahweh of Armies says: “Surely many houses will be desolate, even great and beautiful, unoccupied.

10For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and a homer of seed shall yield an ephah.”

11Woe to those who rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; who stay late into the night, until wine inflames them!

12The harp, lyre, tambourine, and flute, with wine, are at their feasts; but they don’t respect the work of Yahweh, neither have they considered the operation of his hands.

13Therefore my people go into captivity for lack of knowledge. Their honorable men are famished, and their multitudes are parched with thirst.

14Therefore Sheol has enlarged its desire, and opened its mouth without measure; and their glory, their multitude, their pomp, and he who rejoices among them, descend into it.

15So man is brought low, mankind is humbled, and the eyes of the arrogant ones are humbled;

16but Yahweh of Armies is exalted in justice, and God the Holy One is sanctified in righteousness.

17Then the lambs will graze as in their pasture, and strangers will eat the ruins of the rich.

18Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of falsehood, and wickedness as with cart rope;

19Who say, “Let him make speed, let him hasten his work, that we may see it; and let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw near and come, that we may know it!”

20Woe to those who call evil good, and good evil; who put darkness for light, and light for darkness; who put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!

21Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight!

22Woe to those who are mighty to drink wine, and champions at mixing strong drink;

23who acquit the guilty for a bribe, but deny justice for the innocent!

24Therefore as the tongue of fire devours the stubble, and as the dry grass sinks down in the flame, so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust; because they have rejected the law of Yahweh of Armies, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

25Therefore Yahweh’s anger burns against his people, and he has stretched out his hand against them, and has struck them. The mountains tremble, and their dead bodies are as refuse in the middle of the streets. For all this, his anger is not turned away, but his hand is still stretched out.

26He will lift up a banner to the nations from far, and he will whistle for them from the end of the earth. Behold, they will come speedily and swiftly.

27No one shall be weary nor stumble among them; no one shall slumber nor sleep; neither shall the belt of their waist be untied, nor the strap of their sandals be broken:

28whose arrows are sharp, and all their bows bent. Their horses’ hoofs will be like flint, and their wheels like a whirlwind.

29Their roaring will be like a lioness. They will roar like young lions. Yes, they shall roar, and seize their prey and carry it off, and there will be no one to deliver.

30They will roar against them in that day like the roaring of the sea. If one looks to the land behold, darkness and distress. The light is darkened in its clouds.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Isaiah sings a love song about a vineyard that his friend planted on fertile ground, cleared of stones, and fitted with a tower and winepress, expecting good grapes but getting only wild ones (vv. 1-2). He explains the vineyard is the house of Israel, and after listing everything done for it, announces that God will remove its protection and let it be trampled, overgrown, and rained on no more, because he looked for justice and found only oppression and bloodshed (vv. 3-7). Six woes follow: against those who grab up land and leave others homeless (v. 8), those who chase strong drink from morning to night (vv. 11-12), those who mock God to hurry his judgment (vv. 18-19), those who call evil good and good evil (v. 20), those who are wise in their own eyes (v. 21), and those who take bribes to acquit the guilty (vv. 22-23). The chapter ends with God's anger still unsatisfied, summoning a swift, relentless foreign army from far away to execute judgment (vv. 24-30).

Authorship & Background

Author: Isaiah son of Amoz (see Chapter 1 notes for full details).
Classification: Prophetic Parable and Woe Oracle
Key Themes: God's investment in Israel unrewarded, the Song of the Vineyard, six woes against specific sins, God whistling for distant nations as instruments of judgment
Historical Context: Chapter 5 is one of Isaiah's most powerful literary compositions. It begins with "the Song of the Vineyard" (vv.1-7) — a love song that turns into a courtroom indictment. God did everything right: chose good ground, cleared stones, planted choice vines, built a watchtower, dug a winepress. Yet the vineyard produced only wild/stinking grapes. The "vineyard" is Israel; the "wild grapes" are injustice and oppression (v.7 — a devastating wordplay in Hebrew). The six woes (vv.8-23) then specify what the "wild grapes" look like: land-grabbing, partying, God-mocking, moral relativism, self-wisdom, and bribed justice. The chapter closes with God whistling for a far-away nation (Assyria) to execute judgment (vv.26-30).
The Song of the Vineyard (vv.1-7): Now will I sing to my wellbeloved a song of my beloved touching his vineyard. It opens as a love song and the audience would have settled in for one, which is the trap: they are asked to judge the case before they know it is about them, and now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem, and men of Judah, judge, I pray you, betwixt me and my vineyard. Every reasonable measure had been taken, he fenced it, and gathered out the stones thereof, and planted it with the choicest vine, and built a tower in the midst of it, and also made a winepress therein. And it brought forth wild grapes. The interpretation turns on a pun that only works in Hebrew: he looked for judgment, mishpat, and found oppression, mispach, for righteousness, tsedaqah, and found a cry, tseaqah. Jesus retells this parable in Matthew 21 with the tenants added.
Woe to Those Who Join House to House (vv.8-10): The first of six woes, and it concerns land, woe unto them that join house to house, that lay field to field, till there be no place, that they may be placed alone in the midst of the earth. Israel's land law existed to keep holdings in families, so consolidating estates was not merely acquisitive, it dismantled the system. The penalty is stated in yields, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah, which is about a tenth of what was sown.
Woe to Those Who Rise Early for Drink (vv.11-17): Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink, that continue until night till wine inflame them. The charge is not the drinking by itself but the inattention that comes with it, and the harp, and the viol, the tabret, and pipe, and wine, are in their feasts, but they regard not the work of the LORD. And the consequence is put as an appetite of its own, therefore hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth without measure.
Woe to Those Who Draw Iniquity with a Cord (vv.18-19): Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope, which is a picture of people hauling their own wrongdoing along behind them by main force. What condemns them is what they say, let him make speed, and hasten his work, that we may see it. That is a dare rather than a doubt, and it is the same taunt Jeremiah reports at 17:15.
Woe to Those Who Call Evil Good (v.20): One verse, and the most quoted in the chapter. Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil, that put darkness for light, and light for darkness, that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter. Three pairs, each reversed. What is described is not wrongdoing but the redefinition of the vocabulary, which is why it is placed in the middle of the list rather than at either end.
Woe to the Wise in Their Own Eyes (v.21): One verse, woe unto them that are wise in their own eyes, and prudent in their own sight. It is the same fault Proverbs 26:12 says leaves a man further from help than a fool, and its brevity here is part of the effect: there is nothing to add to it.
Woe to Those Who Justify the Wicked for Reward (vv.22-23): The last woe comes back to drink and joins it to the courts, woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink, which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him. The two halves belong in one sentence on purpose: the men described as champions at the table are the men deciding cases.
He Will Hiss for Them (vv.24-30): The judgment is fire in dry stubble and a root that will not hold, because they have cast away the law of the LORD of hosts. Then the invader is summoned with a gesture borrowed from beekeeping, he will hiss unto them from the end of the earth, and behold, they shall come with speed swiftly. What follows reads like an inspection report on a professional army, none shall be weary nor stumble among them, none shall slumber nor sleep, neither shall the girdle of their loins be loosed, nor the latchet of their shoes be broken, their arrows sharp, and all their bows bent, their horses' hoofs like flint. And the chapter ends without relief, if one look unto the land, behold darkness and sorrow.

Map & Geography

  • Jerusalem (v.3): Capital of Judah; the holy city where the Temple stood.

Places on this map

  • JerusalemJerusalemA hill town about 2,500 feet up in the central spine of Judah, roughly 35 miles inland from the Mediterranean and 15 miles west of the Jordan. It sits on no trade route and has no river, which is why it mattered as a fortress and a sanctuary rather than as a market. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik provides detailed analysis of the vineyard parable, each of the six woes, and God's sovereign use of foreign armies as instruments of discipline.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Isaiah 5 - Bible Study and Explanation
2BeLikeChrist

WILD GRAPES? - Isaiah 5:3-4
David Guzik

Isaiah 5 | A Vineyard of Wild Grapes | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: the promised king who runs through Isaiah from beginning to end.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Isaiah -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • What More Could Be Done? (v.4) — God asks His vineyard what more He could have done for it, having given every advantage before it yielded wild grapes instead of good fruit. If your own life is producing poor fruit, is the problem a lack of resources God hasn't given, or your response to what you already have?
  • Woe to Grasping Greed (v.8) — The first woe falls on those who acquire house after house and field after field until no room is left for anyone else. Where does ambition for more start to crowd out room for other people in your life?
  • Woe to Chasing Pleasure (v.11) — The second woe targets those who rise early to chase drink and stay up late inflamed by it, giving no thought to God's work. What pursuits fill your schedule so completely that you rarely think about what God is doing?
  • Calling Evil Good (v.20) — This woe condemns those who relabel darkness as light and bitter as sweet. Where have you been tempted to rename a sin something more comfortable instead of calling it what it is?
  • Wise in Your Own Eyes (v.21) — Woe is pronounced on those who consider themselves wise and clever by their own judgment. Where do you trust your own read on a situation more than you seek God's or wise counsel?
  • God's Sovereignty Over Nations (vv.26-30) — God whistles for a distant nation to come and execute judgment, a power that doesn't even know it's serving Him. Does it comfort or unsettle you to know that even the forces you fear are ultimately under His command?