Numbers — Chapter 10
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1Then the LORD said to Moses,
2“Make two trumpets of hammered silver to be used for calling the congregation and for having the camps set out.
3When both are sounded, the whole congregation is to assemble before you at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.
4But if only one is sounded, then the leaders, the heads of the clans of Israel, are to gather before you.
5When you sound short blasts, the camps that lie on the east side are to set out.
6When you sound the short blasts a second time, the camps that lie on the south side are to set out. The blasts are to signal them to set out.
7To convene the assembly, you are to sound long blasts, not short ones.
8The sons of Aaron, the priests, are to sound the trumpets. This shall be a permanent statute for you and the generations to come.
9When you enter into battle in your land against an adversary who attacks you, sound short blasts on the trumpets, and you will be remembered before the LORD your God and saved from your enemies.
10And on your joyous occasions, your appointed feasts, and the beginning of each month, you are to blow the trumpets over your burnt offerings and peace offerings to serve as a reminder for you before your God. I am the LORD your God.”
11On the twentieth day of the second month of the second year, the cloud was lifted from above the tabernacle of the Testimony,
12and the Israelites set out from the Wilderness of Sinai, traveling from place to place until the cloud settled in the Wilderness of Paran.
13They set out this first time according to the LORD’s command through Moses.
14First, the divisions of the camp of Judah set out under their standard, with Nahshon son of Amminadab in command.
15Nethanel son of Zuar was over the division of the tribe of Issachar,
16and Eliab son of Helon was over the division of the tribe of Zebulun.
17Then the tabernacle was taken down, and the Gershonites and the Merarites set out, transporting it.
18Then the divisions of the camp of Reuben set out under their standard, with Elizur son of Shedeur in command.
19Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai was over the division of the tribe of Simeon,
20and Eliasaph son of Deuel was over the division of the tribe of Gad.
21Then the Kohathites set out, transporting the holy objects; the tabernacle was to be set up before their arrival.
22Next, the divisions of the camp of Ephraim set out under their standard, with Elishama son of Ammihud in command.
23Gamaliel son of Pedahzur was over the division of the tribe of Manasseh,
24and Abidan son of Gideoni was over the division of the tribe of Benjamin.
25Finally, the divisions of the camp of Dan set out under their standard, serving as the rear guard for all units, with Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai in command.
26Pagiel son of Ocran was over the division of the tribe of Asher,
27and Ahira son of Enan was over the division of the tribe of Naphtali.
28This was the order of march for the Israelite divisions as they set out.
29Then Moses said to Hobab, the son of Moses’ father-in-law Reuel the Midianite, “We are setting out for the place of which the LORD said: ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us, and we will treat you well, for the LORD has promised good things to Israel.”
30“I will not go,” Hobab replied. “Instead, I am going back to my own land and my own people.”
31“Please do not leave us,” Moses said, “since you know where we should camp in the wilderness, and you can serve as our eyes.
32If you come with us, we will share with you whatever good things the LORD gives us.”
33So they set out on a three-day journey from the mountain of the LORD, with the ark of the covenant of the LORD traveling ahead of them for those three days to seek a resting place for them.
34And the cloud of the LORD was over them by day when they set out from the camp.
35Whenever the ark set out, Moses would say, “Rise up, O LORD! May Your enemies be scattered; may those who hate You flee before You.”
36And when it came to rest, he would say: “Return, O LORD, to the countless thousands of Israel.”
1And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2Make thee two trumpets of silver; of a whole piece shalt thou make them: that thou mayest use them for the calling of the assembly, and for the journeying of the camps.
3And when they shall blow with them, all the assembly shall assemble themselves to thee at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
4And if they blow but with one trumpet, then the princes, which are heads of the thousands of Israel, shall gather themselves unto thee.
5When ye blow an alarm, then the camps that lie on the east parts shall go forward.
6When ye blow an alarm the second time, then the camps that lie on the south side shall take their journey: they shall blow an alarm for their journeys.
7But when the congregation is to be gathered together, ye shall blow, but ye shall not sound an alarm.
8And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall blow with the trumpets; and they shall be to you for an ordinance for ever throughout your generations.
9And if ye go to war in your land against the enemy that oppresseth you, then ye shall blow an alarm with the trumpets; and ye shall be remembered before the LORD your God, and ye shall be saved from your enemies.
10Also in the day of your gladness, and in your solemn days, and in the beginnings of your months, ye shall blow with the trumpets over your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings; that they may be to you for a memorial before your God: I am the LORD your God.
11And it came to pass on the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year, that the cloud was taken up from off the tabernacle of the testimony.
12And the children of Israel took their journeys out of the wilderness of Sinai; and the cloud rested in the wilderness of Paran.
13And they first took their journey according to the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses.
14In the first place went the standard of the camp of the children of Judah according to their armies: and over his host was Nahshon the son of Amminadab.
15And over the host of the tribe of the children of Issachar was Nethaneel the son of Zuar.
16And over the host of the tribe of the children of Zebulun was Eliab the son of Helon.
17And the tabernacle was taken down; and the sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari set forward, bearing the tabernacle.
18And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur.
19And over the host of the tribe of the children of Simeon was Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.
20And over the host of the tribe of the children of Gad was Eliasaph the son of Deuel.
21And the Kohathites set forward, bearing the sanctuary: and the other did set up the tabernacle against they came.
22And the standard of the camp of the children of Ephraim set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elishama the son of Ammihud.
23And over the host of the tribe of the children of Manasseh was Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.
24And over the host of the tribe of the children of Benjamin was Abidan the son of Gideoni.
25And the standard of the camp of the children of Dan set forward, which was the rereward of all the camps throughout their hosts: and over his host was Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.
26And over the host of the tribe of the children of Asher was Pagiel the son of Ocran.
27And over the host of the tribe of the children of Naphtali was Ahira the son of Enan.
28Thus were the journeyings of the children of Israel according to their armies, when they set forward.
29And Moses said unto Hobab, the son of Raguel the Midianite, Moses’ father in law, We are journeying unto the place of which the LORD said, I will give it you: come thou with us, and we will do thee good: for the LORD hath spoken good concerning Israel.
30And he said unto him, I will not go; but I will depart to mine own land, and to my kindred.
31And he said, Leave us not, I pray thee; forasmuch as thou knowest how we are to encamp in the wilderness, and thou mayest be to us instead of eyes.
32And it shall be, if thou go with us, yea, it shall be, that what goodness the LORD shall do unto us, the same will we do unto thee.
33And they departed from the mount of the LORD three days’ journey: and the ark of the covenant of the LORD went before them in the three days’ journey, to search out a resting place for them.
34And the cloud of the LORD was upon them by day, when they went out of the camp.
35And it came to pass, when the ark set forward, that Moses said, Rise up, LORD, and let thine enemies be scattered; and let them that hate thee flee before thee.
36And when it rested, he said, Return, O LORD, unto the many thousands of Israel.
1And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,
2Make thee two trumpets of silver; of beaten work shalt thou make them: and thou shalt use them for the calling of the congregation, and for the journeying of the camps.
3And when they shall blow them, all the congregation shall gather themselves unto thee at the door of the tent of meeting.
4And if they blow but one, then the princes, the heads of the thousands of Israel, shall gather themselves unto thee.
5And when ye blow an alarm, the camps that lie on the east side shall take their journey.
6And when ye blow an alarm the second time, the camps that lie on the south side shall take their journey: they shall blow an alarm for their journeys.
7But when the assembly is to be gathered together, ye shall blow, but ye shall not sound an alarm.
8And the sons of Aaron, the priests, shall blow the trumpets; and they shall be to you for a statute for ever throughout your generations.
9And when ye go to war in your land against the adversary that oppresseth you, then ye shall sound an alarm with the trumpets; and ye shall be remembered before Jehovah your God, and ye shall be saved from your enemies.
10Also in the day of your gladness, and in your set feasts, and in the beginnings of your months, ye shall blow the trumpets over your burnt-offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace-offerings; and they shall be to you for a memorial before your God: I am Jehovah your God.
11And it came to pass in the second year, in the second month, on the twentieth day of the month, that the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle of the testimony.
12And the children of Israel set forward according to their journeys out of the wilderness of Sinai; and the cloud abode in the wilderness of Paran.
13And they first took their journey according to the commandment of Jehovah by Moses.
14And in the first [place] the standard of the camp of the children of Judah set forward according to their hosts: and over his host was Nahshon the son of Amminadab.
15And over the host of the tribe of the children of Issachar was Nethanel the son of Zuar.
16And over the host of the tribe of the children of Zebulun was Eliab the son of Helon.
17And the tabernacle was taken down; and the sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari, who bare the tabernacle, set forward.
18And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their hosts: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur.
19And over the host of the tribe of the children of Simeon was Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai.
20And over the host of the tribe of the children of Gad was Eliasaph the son of Deuel.
21And the Kohathites set forward, bearing the sanctuary: and [the others] did set up the tabernacle against their coming.
22And the standard of the camp of the children of Ephraim set forward according to their hosts: and over his host was Elishama the son of Ammihud.
23And over the host of the tribe of the children of Manasseh was Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.
24And over the host of the tribe of the children of Benjamin was Abidan the son of Gideoni.
25And the standard of the camp of the children of Dan, which was the rearward of all the camps, set forward according to their hosts: and over his host was Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai.
26And over the host of the tribe of the children of Asher was Pagiel the son of Ochran.
27And over the host of the tribe of the children of Naphtali was Ahira the son of Enan.
28Thus were the journeyings of the children of Israel according to their hosts; and they set forward.
29And Moses said unto Hobab, the son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses` father-in-law, We are journeying unto the place of which Jehovah said, I will give it you: come thou with us, and we will do thee good; for Jehovah hath spoken good concerning Israel.
30And he said unto him, I will not go; but I will depart to mine own land, and to my kindred.
31And he said, Leave us not, I pray thee; forasmuch as thou knowest how we are to encamp in the wilderness, and thou shalt be to us instead of eyes.
32And it shall be, if thou go with us, yea, it shall be, that what good soever Jehovah shall do unto us, the same will we do unto thee.
33And they set forward from the mount of Jehovah three days` journey; and the ark of the covenant of Jehovah went before them three days` journey, to seek out a resting-place for them.
34And the cloud of Jehovah was over them by day, when they set forward from the camp.
35And it came to pass, when the ark set forward, that Moses said, Rise up, O Jehovah, and let thine enemies be scattered; and let them that hate thee flee before thee.
36And when it rested, he said, Return, O Jehovah, unto the ten thousands of the thousands of Israel.
1The Lord spoke to Moses:
2“Make two trumpets of silver; you are to make them from a single hammered piece. You will use them for assembling the community and for directing the traveling of the camps.
3When they blow them both, all the community must come to you to the entrance of the tent of meeting.
4“But if they blow with one trumpet, then the leaders, the heads of the thousands of Israel, must come to you.
5When you blow an alarm, then the camps that are located on the east side must begin to travel.
6And when you blow an alarm the second time, then the camps that are located on the south side must begin to travel. An alarm must be sounded for their journeys.
7But when you assemble the community, you must blow the trumpets, but you must not sound an alarm.
8The sons of Aaron, the priests, must blow the trumpets, and they will be to you for an eternal ordinance throughout your generations.
9If you go to war in your land against an adversary who opposes you, then you must sound an alarm with the trumpets, and you will be remembered before the Lord your God, and you will be saved from your enemies.
10“Also, in the time when you rejoice, such as on your appointed festivals or at the beginnings of your months, you must blow with your trumpets over your burnt offerings and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings, so that they may become a memorial for you before your God: I am the Lord your God.”
11On the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year, the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle of the testimony.
12So the Israelites set out on their journeys from the desert of Sinai; and the cloud settled in the wilderness of Paran.
13This was the first time they set out on their journey according to the commandment of the Lord, by the authority of Moses.
14The standard of the camp of the Judahites set out first according to their companies, and over his company was Nahshon son of Amminadab.
15Over the company of the tribe of Issacharites was Nathanel son of Zuar,
16and over the company of the tribe of the Zebulunites was Eliab son of Helon.
17Then the tabernacle was dismantled, and the sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari set out, carrying the tabernacle.
18The standard of the camp of Reuben set out according to their companies; over his company was Elizur son of Shedeur.
19Over the company of the tribe of the Simeonites was Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai,
20and over the company of the tribe of the Gadites was Eliasaph son of Deuel.
21And the Kohathites set out, carrying the articles for the sanctuary; the tabernacle was to be set up before they arrived.
22And the standard of the camp of the Ephraimites set out according to their companies; over his company was Elishama son of Ammihud.
23Over the company of the tribe of the Manassehites was Gamaliel son of Pedahzur,
24and over the company of the tribe of Benjaminites was Abidan son of Gideoni.
25The standard of the camp of the Danites set out, which was the rear guard of all the camps by their companies; over his company was Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai.
26Over the company of the tribe of the Asherites was Pagiel son of Ocran,
27and over the company of the tribe of the Naphtalites was Ahira son of Enan.
28These were the traveling arrangements of the Israelites according to their companies when they traveled.
29Moses said to Hobab son of Reuel, the Midianite, Moses’ father-in-law, “We are journeying to the place about which the Lord said, ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us and we will treat you well, for the Lord has promised good things for Israel.”
30But Hobab said to him, “I will not go, but I will go instead to my own land and to my kindred.”
31Moses said, “Do not leave us, because you know places for us to camp in the wilderness, and you could be our guide.
32And if you come with us, it is certain that whatever good things the Lord will favor us with, we will share with you as well.”
33So they traveled from the mountain of the Lord three days’ journey; and the ark of the covenant of the Lord was traveling before them during the three days’ journey, to find a resting place for them.
34And the cloud of the Lord was over them by day, when they traveled from the camp.
35And when the ark traveled, Moses would say, “Rise up, O Lord! May your enemies be scattered, and may those who hate you flee before you!”
36And when it came to rest he would say, “Return, O Lord, to the many thousands of Israel!”
1Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
2“Make two trumpets of silver. You shall make them of beaten work. You shall use them for the calling of the congregation, and for the journeying of the camps.
3When they blow them, all the congregation shall gather themselves to you at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
4If they blow just one, then the princes, the heads of the thousands of Israel, shall gather themselves to you.
5When you blow an alarm, the camps that lie on the east side shall go forward.
6When you blow an alarm the second time, the camps that lie on the south side shall go forward. They shall blow an alarm for their journeys.
7But when the assembly is to be gathered together, you shall blow, but you shall not sound an alarm.
8“The sons of Aaron, the priests, shall blow the trumpets. This shall be to you for a statute forever throughout your generations.
9When you go to war in your land against the adversary who oppresses you, then you shall sound an alarm with the trumpets. Then you will be remembered before Yahweh your God, and you will be saved from your enemies.
10“Also in the day of your gladness, and in your set feasts, and in the beginnings of your months, you shall blow the trumpets over your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings; and they shall be to you for a memorial before your God. I am Yahweh your God.”
11In the second year, in the second month, on the twentieth day of the month, the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle of the testimony.
12The children of Israel went forward according to their journeys out of the wilderness of Sinai; and the cloud stayed in the wilderness of Paran.
13They first went forward according to the commandment of Yahweh by Moses.
14First, the standard of the camp of the children of Judah went forward according to their armies. Nahshon the son of Amminadab was over his army.
15Nethanel the son of Zuar was over the army of the tribe of the children of Issachar.
16Eliab the son of Helon was over the army of the tribe of the children of Zebulun.
17The tabernacle was taken down; and the sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari, who bore the tabernacle, went forward.
18The standard of the camp of Reuben went forward according to their armies. Elizur the son of Shedeur was over his army.
19Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai was over the army of the tribe of the children of Simeon.
20Eliasaph the son of Deuel was over the army of the tribe of the children of Gad.
21The Kohathites set forward, bearing the sanctuary. The others set up the tabernacle before they arrived.
22The standard of the camp of the children of Ephraim set forward according to their armies. Elishama the son of Ammihud was over his army.
23Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur was over the army of the tribe of the children of Manasseh.
24Abidan the son of Gideoni was over the army of the tribe of the children of Benjamin.
25The standard of the camp of the children of Dan, which was the rear guard of all the camps, set forward according to their armies. Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai was over his army.
26Pagiel the son of Ochran was over the army of the tribe of the children of Asher.
27Ahira the son of Enan was over the army of the tribe of the children of Naphtali.
28Thus were the travels of the children of Israel according to their armies; and they went forward.
29Moses said to Hobab, the son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses’ father-in-law, “We are journeying to the place of which Yahweh said, ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us, and we will treat you well; for Yahweh has spoken good concerning Israel.”
30He said to him, “I will not go; but I will depart to my own land, and to my relatives.”
31He said, “Don’t leave us, please; because you know how we are to encamp in the wilderness, and you can be our eyes.
32It shall be, if you go with us, yes, it shall be, that whatever good Yahweh does to us, we will do the same to you.”
33They set forward from the Mount of Yahweh three days’ journey. The ark of Yahweh’s covenant went before them three days’ journey, to seek out a resting place for them.
34The cloud of Yahweh was over them by day, when they set forward from the camp.
35When the ark went forward, Moses said, “Rise up, Yahweh, and let your enemies be scattered! Let those who hate you flee before you!”
36When it rested, he said, “Return, Yahweh, to the ten thousands of the thousands of Israel.”
Summary
God instructs Moses to make two silver trumpets for summoning the community, signaling the camps to set out, and sounding alarms in battle, each with its own distinct pattern of blasts (vv. 1-10). On the twentieth day of the second month, the cloud lifts from the tabernacle and Israel sets out from Sinai for the first time, tribe by tribe in the order established in chapter 2 (vv. 11-28). Moses invites his brother-in-law Hobab to join them as a guide, and as the ark sets out ahead of the people, Moses asks the Lord to rise up against His enemies and to return and rest among Israel's many thousands when it stops (vv. 29-36). This marks the end of Israel's roughly year-long stay at Sinai and the true beginning of the journey toward the Promised Land.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Wilderness of Sinai (v.12): Israel finally departs Sinai on the twentieth day of the second month of the second year — after nearly 11 months encamped.
- Wilderness of Paran (v.12): The cloud settles in Paran; the march toward Canaan begins.
- The order of march follows the camp arrangement: Judah's division leads, then the Tabernacle, then Reuben, Ephraim, and Dan (rear guard).
Places on this map
- Mount SinaiJebel Musa, Sinai Peninsula, EgyptTraditionally Jebel Musa in the granite mountains of the southern Sinai peninsula, about 7,500 feet high. The identification dates from Christian monastic tradition rather than from the text, and other candidates have been proposed, but this has been the pilgrimage site since the fourth century. Wikipedia
- CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia
- Ephraimcentral West BankThe central hill country north of Benjamin, the largest and best watered of the northern territories. It dominated the north so thoroughly that the prophets use Ephraim to mean the whole northern kingdom. Wikipedia
- DanTel Dan, IsraelAt the largest of the Jordan's headwater springs under Mount Hermon, the northern limit of Israel. Jeroboam set his second golden calf here, as far from Jerusalem as he could get. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik notes the significance of the departure: everything has been preparation; now the journey begins. He highlights Moses' prayers (vv.35-36) as showing that Israel's march is fundamentally a spiritual enterprise — God goes before them and dwells among them. He also notes Moses' invitation to Hobab as a model of evangelism.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: what the census lists and wilderness years are doing in Scripture.
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Numbers -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Learning to Hear the Signal (vv.2-10) — Israel needs clear trumpet signals to know when to gather, march, or fight, so no one is left guessing. Are you actually listening for God's signals through Scripture, the Spirit, and wise counsel, or just moving on your own timing?
- Preparation Must Lead to Action (v.11) — After nearly a year of preparation at Sinai, the cloud finally lifts and Israel actually departs. Are you perpetually preparing for something God has already told you to start?
- An Invitation to Come Along (v.29) — Moses invites his father-in-law Hobab to join Israel and share in the good things God has promised. Who in your life could you simply invite to share in what God has done for you?
- The Ark Goes Before Them (v.33) — The ark leads the way into unfamiliar territory, searching out a resting place before the people ever arrive there. Do you trust that God is already present in whatever you're walking into tomorrow?