Numbers — Chapter 12
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1Then Miriam and Aaron criticized Moses because of the Cushite woman he had married, for he had taken a Cushite wife.
2“Does the LORD speak only through Moses?” they said. “Does He not also speak through us?” And the LORD heard this.
3Now Moses was a very humble man, more so than any man on the face of the earth.
4And suddenly the LORD said to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam, “You three, come out to the Tent of Meeting.” So the three went out,
5and the LORD came down in a pillar of cloud, stood at the entrance to the Tent, and summoned Aaron and Miriam. When both of them had stepped forward,
6He said, “Hear now My words: If there is a prophet among you, I, the LORD, will reveal Myself to him in a vision; I will speak to him in a dream.
7But this is not so with My servant Moses; he is faithful in all My house.
8I speak with him face to face, clearly and not in riddles; he sees the form of the LORD. Why then were you unafraid to speak against My servant Moses?”
9So the anger of the LORD burned against them, and He departed.
10As the cloud lifted from above the Tent, suddenly Miriam became leprous, white as snow. Aaron turned toward her, saw that she was leprous,
11and said to Moses, “My lord, please do not hold against us this sin we have so foolishly committed.
12Please do not let her be like a stillborn infant whose flesh is half consumed when he comes out of his mother’s womb.”
13So Moses cried out to the LORD, “O God, please heal her!”
14But the LORD answered Moses, “If her father had but spit in her face, would she not have been in disgrace for seven days? Let her be confined outside the camp for seven days; after that she may be brought back in.”
15So Miriam was confined outside the camp for seven days, and the people did not move on until she was brought in again.
16After that, the people set out from Hazeroth and camped in the Wilderness of Paran.
1And Miriam and Aaron spake against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman whom he had married: for he had married an Ethiopian woman.
2And they said, Hath the LORD indeed spoken only by Moses? hath he not spoken also by us? And the LORD heard it.
3(Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men which were upon the face of the earth.)
4And the LORD spake suddenly unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam, Come out ye three unto the tabernacle of the congregation. And they three came out.
5And the LORD came down in the pillar of the cloud, and stood in the door of the tabernacle, and called Aaron and Miriam: and they both came forth.
6And he said, Hear now my words: If there be a prophet among you, I the LORD will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak unto him in a dream.
7My servant Moses is not so, who is faithful in all mine house.
8With him will I speak mouth to mouth, even apparently, and not in dark speeches; and the similitude of the LORD shall he behold: wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against my servant Moses?
9And the anger of the LORD was kindled against them; and he departed.
10And the cloud departed from off the tabernacle; and, behold, Miriam became leprous, white as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.
11And Aaron said unto Moses, Alas, my lord, I beseech thee, lay not the sin upon us, wherein we have done foolishly, and wherein we have sinned.
12Let her not be as one dead, of whom the flesh is half consumed when he cometh out of his mother’s womb.
13And Moses cried unto the LORD, saying, Heal her now, O God, I beseech thee.
14And the LORD said unto Moses, If her father had but spit in her face, should she not be ashamed seven days? let her be shut out from the camp seven days, and after that let her be received in again.
15And Miriam was shut out from the camp seven days: and the people journeyed not till Miriam was brought in again.
16And afterward the people removed from Hazeroth, and pitched in the wilderness of Paran.
1And Miriam and Aaron spake against Moses because of the Cushite woman whom he had married; for he had married a Cushite woman.
2And they said, Hath Jehovah indeed spoken only with Moses? hath he not spoken also with us? And Jehovah heard it.
3Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men that were upon the face of the earth.
4And Jehovah spake suddenly unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam, Come out ye three unto the tent of meeting. And they three came out.
5And Jehovah came down in a pillar of cloud, and stood at the door of the Tent, and called Aaron and Miriam; and they both came forth.
6And he said, Hear now my words: if there be a prophet among you, I Jehovah will make myself known unto him in a vision, I will speak with him in a dream.
7My servant Moses is not so; he is faithful in all my house:
8with him will I speak mouth to mouth, even manifestly, and not in dark speeches; and the form of Jehovah shall he behold: wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses?
9And the anger of Jehovah was kindled against them; and he departed.
10And the cloud removed from over the Tent; and, behold, Miriam was leprous, as [white as] snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold, she was leprous.
11And Aaron said unto Moses, Oh, my lord, lay not, I pray thee, sin upon us, for that we have done foolishly, and for that we have sinned.
12Let her not, I pray, be as one dead, of whom the flesh is half consumed when he cometh out of his mother`s womb.
13And Moses cried unto Jehovah, saying, Heal her, O God, I beseech thee.
14And Jehovah said unto Moses, If her father had but spit in her face, should she not be ashamed seven days? let her be shut up without the camp seven days, and after that she shall be brought in again.
15And Miriam was shut up without the camp seven days: and the people journeyed not till Miriam was brought in again.
16And afterward the people journeyed from Hazeroth, and encamped in the wilderness of Paran.
1Then Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Cushite woman he had married (for he had married an Ethiopian woman).
2They said, “Has the Lord spoken only through Moses? Has he not also spoken through us?” And the Lord heard it.
3(Now the man Moses was very humble, more so than any man on the face of the earth.)
4The Lord spoke immediately to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam: “The three of you come to the tent of meeting.” So the three of them went.
5And the Lord came down in a pillar of cloud and stood at the entrance of the tent; he then called Aaron and Miriam, and they both came forward.
6The Lord said, “Hear now my words: If there is a prophet among you, I the Lord will make myself known to him in a vision; I will speak with him in a dream.
7My servant Moses is not like this; he is faithful in all my house.
8With him I will speak face to face, openly and not in riddles, and he will see the form of the Lord. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant Moses?”
9The anger of the Lord burned against them, and he departed.
10After the cloud had departed from above the tent, there was Miriam, leprous like snow. Then Aaron turned toward Miriam, and realized that she was leprous.
11So Aaron said to Moses, “O my lord, please do not hold this sin against us, in which we have acted foolishly and have sinned!
12Do not let her be like a baby born dead, whose flesh is half consumed when it comes out of its mother’s womb!”
13Then Moses cried to the Lord, “Heal her now, O God.”
14The Lord said to Moses, “If her father had only spit in her face, would she not have been disgraced for seven days? Shut her out from the camp seven days, and afterward she can be brought back in again.”
15So Miriam was shut outside of the camp for seven days, and the people did not journey on until Miriam was brought back in.
16After that the people moved from Hazeroth and camped in the wilderness of Paran.
1Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Cushite woman whom he had married; for he had married a Cushite woman.
2They said, “Has Yahweh indeed spoken only with Moses? Hasn’t he spoken also with us?” And Yahweh heard it.
3Now the man Moses was very humble, more than all the men who were on the surface of the earth.
4Yahweh spoke suddenly to Moses, to Aaron, and to Miriam, “You three come out to the Tent of Meeting!” The three of them came out.
5Yahweh came down in a pillar of cloud, and stood at the door of the Tent, and called Aaron and Miriam; and they both came forward.
6He said, “Now hear my words. If there is a prophet among you, I, Yahweh, will make myself known to him in a vision. I will speak with him in a dream.
7My servant Moses is not so. He is faithful in all my house.
8With him, I will speak mouth to mouth, even plainly, and not in riddles; and he shall see Yahweh’s form. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses?”
9Yahweh’s anger burned against them; and he departed.
10The cloud departed from over the Tent; and behold, Miriam was leprous, as white as snow. Aaron looked at Miriam, and behold, she was leprous.
11Aaron said to Moses, “Oh, my lord, please don’t count this sin against us, in which we have done foolishly, and in which we have sinned.
12Let her not, I pray, be as one dead, of whom the flesh is half consumed when he comes out of his mother’s womb.”
13Moses cried to Yahweh, saying, “Heal her, God, I beg you!”
14Yahweh said to Moses, “If her father had but spit in her face, shouldn’t she be ashamed seven days? Let her be shut up outside of the camp seven days, and after that she shall be brought in again.”
15Miriam was shut up outside of the camp seven days, and the people didn’t travel until Miriam was brought in again.
16Afterward the people traveled from Hazeroth, and encamped in the wilderness of Paran.
Summary
Miriam and Aaron speak against Moses over his Cushite wife and challenge whether the Lord has spoken through Moses alone rather than through them as well (vv. 1-2). The Lord defends Moses' unique standing, explaining that while He speaks to other prophets in visions and dreams, He speaks with Moses face to face, plainly and directly, making Moses the most humble man on earth (vv. 3-8). God's anger burns against Miriam and Aaron, and Miriam is struck with a skin disease, while Aaron pleads with Moses not to hold the sin against them (vv. 9-13). Moses intercedes and asks God to heal her, and after seven days of quarantine outside the camp, Miriam is restored and the people move on (vv. 14-16).
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Hazeroth (v.16): Miriam and Aaron challenge Moses here. Miriam is struck with leprosy and put outside the camp for seven days.
- Wilderness of Paran (v.16): After Hazeroth, Israel journeys to the wilderness of Paran — approaching the southern border of Canaan.
Places on this map
- CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia
Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes that the real issue is not the Cushite wife but jealousy over Moses' authority. He highlights Moses' meekness as extraordinary — the man who could call down plagues on Egypt does not lift a finger to defend himself against his siblings. He notes that Moses' intercession for Miriam is a picture of Christ interceding for those who reject Him.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: what the census lists and wilderness years are doing in Scripture.
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Numbers -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Jealousy Disguised as Concern (v.2) — Miriam and Aaron use Moses' marriage as a pretext, but their real complaint is that God speaks through them too, not just Moses. When you criticize someone in leadership, is the stated reason ever a cover for jealousy underneath?
- Meekness Is Strength (v.3) — Moses doesn't defend himself against his own siblings, choosing instead to let God handle it. Do you feel the need to defend every attack on your reputation, or can you trust God to vindicate you in His timing?
- Interceding for the Attacker (v.13) — The moment Miriam is struck, Moses immediately begs God to heal the very sister who spoke against him. Could you pray sincerely for someone who just wronged you, the way Moses does here?
- Grace With Discipline (v.14) — God heals Miriam but still requires seven days of shame outside the camp before she returns. Do you understand that God's forgiveness doesn't always erase the natural consequences of what you've done?