Numbers — Chapter 20
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1Then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there.
2And there was no water for the congregation: and they gathered themselves together against Moses and against Aaron.
3And the people chode with Moses, and spake, saying, Would God that we had died when our brethren died before the LORD!
4And why have ye brought up the congregation of the LORD into this wilderness, that we and our cattle should die there?
5And wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in unto this evil place? it is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink.
6And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they fell upon their faces: and the glory of the LORD appeared unto them.
7And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
8Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink.
9And Moses took the rod from before the LORD, as he commanded him.
10And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock?
11And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also.
12And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them.
13This is the water of Meribah; because the children of Israel strove with the LORD, and he was sanctified in them.
14And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom, Thus saith thy brother Israel, Thou knowest all the travail that hath befallen us:
15How our fathers went down into Egypt, and we have dwelt in Egypt a long time; and the Egyptians vexed us, and our fathers:
16And when we cried unto the LORD, he heard our voice, and sent an angel, and hath brought us forth out of Egypt: and, behold, we are in Kadesh, a city in the uttermost of thy border:
17Let us pass, I pray thee, through thy country: we will not pass through the fields, or through the vineyards, neither will we drink of the water of the wells: we will go by the king’s high way, we will not turn to the right hand nor to the left, until we have passed thy borders.
18And Edom said unto him, Thou shalt not pass by me, lest I come out against thee with the sword.
19And the children of Israel said unto him, We will go by the high way: and if I and my cattle drink of thy water, then I will pay for it: I will only, without doing any thing else, go through on my feet.
20And he said, Thou shalt not go through. And Edom came out against him with much people, and with a strong hand.
21Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border: wherefore Israel turned away from him.
22And the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, journeyed from Kadesh, and came unto mount Hor.
23And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron in mount Hor, by the coast of the land of Edom, saying,
24Aaron shall be gathered unto his people: for he shall not enter into the land which I have given unto the children of Israel, because ye rebelled against my word at the water of Meribah.
25Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up unto mount Hor:
26And strip Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son: and Aaron shall be gathered unto his people, and shall die there.
27And Moses did as the LORD commanded: and they went up into mount Hor in the sight of all the congregation.
28And Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son; and Aaron died there in the top of the mount: and Moses and Eleazar came down from the mount.
29And when all the congregation saw that Aaron was dead, they mourned for Aaron thirty days, even all the house of Israel.
1And the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, came into the wilderness of Zin in the first month: and the people abode in Kadesh; and Miriam died there, and was buried there.
2And there was no water for the congregation: and they assembled themselves together against Moses and against Aaron.
3And the people strove with Moses, and spake, saying, Would that we had died when our brethren died before Jehovah!
4And why have ye brought the assembly of Jehovah into this wilderness, that we should die there, we and our beasts?
5And wherefore have ye made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in unto this evil place? it is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink.
6And Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly unto the door of the tent of meeting, and fell upon their faces: and the glory of Jehovah appeared unto them.
7And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,
8Take the rod, and assemble the congregation, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes, that it give forth its water; and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock; so thou shalt give the congregation and their cattle drink.
9And Moses took the rod from before Jehovah, as he commanded him.
10And Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly together before the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; shall we bring you forth water out of this rock?
11And Moses lifted up his hand, and smote the rock with his rod twice: and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their cattle.
12And Jehovah said unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed not in me, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this assembly into the land which I have given them.
13These are the waters of Meribah; because the children of Israel strove with Jehovah, and he was sanctified in them.
14And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom, Thus saith thy brother Israel, Thou knowest all the travail that hath befallen us:
15how our fathers went down into Egypt, and we dwelt in Egypt a long time; and the Egyptians dealt ill with us, and our fathers:
16and when we cried unto Jehovah, he heard our voice, and sent an angel, and brought us forth out of Egypt: and, behold, we are in Kadesh, a city in the uttermost of thy border.
17Let us pass, I pray thee, through thy land: we will not pass through field or through vineyard, neither will we drink of the water of the wells: we will go along the king`s highway; we will not turn aside to the right hand nor to the left, until we have passed thy border.
18And Edom said unto him, Thou shalt not pass through me, lest I come out with the sword against thee.
19And the children of Israel said unto him, We will go up by the highway; and if we drink of thy water, I and my cattle, then will I give the price thereof: let me only, without [doing] anything [else], pass through on my feet.
20And he said, Thou shalt not pass through. And Edom came out against him with much people, and with a strong hand.
21Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border: wherefore Israel turned away from him.
22And they journeyed from Kadesh: and the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, came unto mount Hor.
23And Jehovah spake unto Moses and Aaron in mount Hor, by the border of the land of Edom, saying,
24Aaron shall be gathered unto his people; for he shall not enter into the land which I have given unto the children of Israel, because ye rebelled against my word at the waters of Meribah.
25Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up unto mount Hor;
26and strip Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son: and Aaron shall be gathered [unto his people], and shall die there.
27And Moses did as Jehovah commanded: and they went up into mount Hor in the sight of all the congregation.
28And Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son; and Aaron died there on the top of the mount: and Moses and Eleazar came down from the mount.
29And when all the congregation saw that Aaron was dead, they wept for Aaron thirty days, even all the house of Israel.
1Then the entire community of Israel entered the wilderness of Zin in the first month, and the people stayed in Kadesh. Miriam died and was buried there.
2And there was no water for the community, and so they gathered themselves together against Moses and Aaron.
3The people contended with Moses, saying, “If only we had died when our brothers died before the Lord!
4Why have you brought up the Lord’s community into this wilderness? So that we and our cattle should die here?
5Why have you brought us up from Egypt only to bring us to this dreadful place? It is no place for grain, or figs, or vines, or pomegranates; nor is there any water to drink!”
6So Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly to the entrance to the tent of meeting. They then threw themselves down with their faces to the ground, and the glory of the Lord appeared to them.
7Then the Lord spoke to Moses:
8“Take the staff and assemble the community, you and Aaron your brother, and then speak to the rock before their eyes. It will pour forth its water, and you will bring water out of the rock for them, and so you will give the community and their beasts water to drink.”
9So Moses took the staff from before the Lord, just as he commanded him.
10Then Moses and Aaron gathered the community together in front of the rock, and he said to them, “Listen, you rebels, must we bring water out of this rock for you?”
11Then Moses raised his hand, and struck the rock twice with his staff. And water came out abundantly. So the community drank, and their beasts drank too.
12Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not trust me enough to show me as holy before the Israelites, therefore you will not bring this community into the land I have given them.”
13These are the waters of Meribah, because the Israelites contended with the Lord, and his holiness was maintained among them.
14Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom: “Thus says your brother Israel: ‘You know all the hardships we have experienced,
15how our ancestors went down into Egypt, and we lived in Egypt a long time, and the Egyptians treated us and our ancestors badly.
16So when we cried to the Lord, he heard our voice and sent a messenger, and has brought us up out of Egypt. Now we are here in Kadesh, a town on the edge of your country.
17Please let us pass through your country. We will not pass through the fields or through the vineyards, nor will we drink water from any well. We will go by the King’s Highway; we will not turn to the right or the left until we have passed through your region.’”
18But Edom said to him, “You will not pass through me, or I will come out against you with the sword.”
19Then the Israelites said to him, “We will go along the highway, and if we or our cattle drink any of your water, we will pay for it. We will only pass through on our feet, without doing anything else.”
20But he said, “You may not pass through.” Then Edom came out against them with a large and powerful force.
21So Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border; therefore Israel turned away from him.
22So the entire company of Israelites traveled from Kadesh and came to Mount Hor.
23And the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron at Mount Hor, by the border of the land of Edom. He said:
24“Aaron will be gathered to his ancestors, for he will not enter into the land I have given to the Israelites because both of you rebelled against my word at the waters of Meribah.
25Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up on Mount Hor.
26Remove Aaron’s priestly garments and put them on Eleazar his son, and Aaron will be gathered to his ancestors and will die there.”
27So Moses did as the Lord commanded; and they went up Mount Hor in the sight of the whole community.
28And Moses removed Aaron’s garments and put them on his son Eleazar. So Aaron died there on the top of the mountain. And Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain.
29When all the community saw that Aaron was dead, the whole house of Israel mourned for Aaron thirty days.
1The children of Israel, even the whole congregation, came into the wilderness of Zin in the first month. The people stayed in Kadesh. Miriam died there, and was buried there.
2There was no water for the congregation; and they assembled themselves together against Moses and against Aaron.
3The people quarreled with Moses, and spoke, saying, “We wish that we had died when our brothers died before Yahweh!
4Why have you brought Yahweh’s assembly into this wilderness, that we should die there, we and our animals?
5Why have you made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in to this evil place? It is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink.”
6Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly to the door of the Tent of Meeting, and fell on their faces. Yahweh’s glory appeared to them.
7Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
8“Take the rod, and assemble the congregation, you, and Aaron your brother, and speak to the rock before their eyes, that it pour out its water. You shall bring water to them out of the rock; so you shall give the congregation and their livestock drink.”
9Moses took the rod from before Yahweh, as he commanded him.
10Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly together before the rock, and he said to them, “Hear now, you rebels! Shall we bring water out of this rock for you?”
11Moses lifted up his hand, and struck the rock with his rod twice, and water came out abundantly. The congregation and their livestock drank.
12Yahweh said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you didn’t believe in me, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this assembly into the land which I have given them.”
13These are the waters of Meribah; because the children of Israel strove with Yahweh, and he was sanctified in them.
14Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom, saying: “Thus says your brother Israel: You know all the travail that has happened to us;
15how our fathers went down into Egypt, and we lived in Egypt a long time. The Egyptians mistreated us and our fathers.
16When we cried to Yahweh, he heard our voice, sent an angel, and brought us out of Egypt. Behold, we are in Kadesh, a city in the edge of your border.
17“Please let us pass through your land. We will not pass through field or through vineyard, neither will we drink from the water of the wells. We will go along the king’s highway. We will not turn away to the right hand nor to the left, until we have passed your border.”
18Edom said to him, “You shall not pass through me, lest I come out with the sword against you.”
19The children of Israel said to him, “We will go up by the highway; and if we drink your water, I and my livestock, then I will give its price. Only let me, without doing anything else, pass through on my feet.”
20He said, “You shall not pass through.” Edom came out against him with many people, and with a strong hand.
21Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border, so Israel turned away from him.
22They traveled from Kadesh: and the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, came to Mount Hor.
23Yahweh spoke to Moses and Aaron in Mount Hor, by the border of the land of Edom, saying,
24“Aaron shall be gathered to his people; for he shall not enter into the land which I have given to the children of Israel, because you rebelled against my word at the waters of Meribah.
25Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up to Mount Hor;
26and strip Aaron of his garments, and put them on Eleazar his son. Aaron shall be gathered, and shall die there.”
27Moses did as Yahweh commanded. They went up into Mount Hor in the sight of all the congregation.
28Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them on Eleazar his son. Aaron died there on the top of the mountain, and Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain.
29When all the congregation saw that Aaron was dead, they wept for Aaron thirty days, even all the house of Israel.
Summary
Miriam dies; Moses strikes the rock in anger instead of speaking to it, and God bars him from the Promised Land; Aaron dies on Mount Hor.
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
- Kadesh (v.1): Israel returns to Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin after 38 years. Miriam dies and is buried here.
- Meribah (v.13): "Quarreling" — the place where Moses strikes the rock instead of speaking to it, and is barred from entering Canaan.
- Mount Hor (vv.22-29): On the border of Edom. Aaron dies here; Eleazar succeeds him as high priest.
- Edom refuses passage (vv.14-21): Israel cannot go through Edom (east of the Arabah) and must detour around.
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the typological significance: the rock struck at Rephidim (Exodus 17) pictures Christ crucified once; the rock spoken to at Meribah pictures Christ accessed by faith/prayer after His one sacrifice. Moses' striking the rock twice "re-crucifies" Christ typologically. He also notes the poignancy of Moses stripping his own brother of the priestly garments on the mountaintop.
- Charles Spurgeon: "Moses struck the rock. God had said 'speak.' But Moses was angry, and angry men do not obey carefully. He struck — and struck twice — and water came. But God said, 'You shall not enter.' Oh, the severity of grace! God gave the water — He did not withhold mercy from the people — but He judged His servant. Let every minister, every leader, every teacher tremble: the higher your office, the stricter your judgment. God will use you to bless others even while He disciplines you. The water flowed — but Moses wept."
Reflection
- 1. Moses' sin at Meribah (vv.10-12). After 40 years of faithful service, one act of disobedience costs Moses the Promised Land. The lesson is sobering: faithfulness in the past does not excuse disobedience in the present. Leaders are held to a higher standard. How you finish matters as much as how you start.
- 2. "Must WE fetch you water?" (v.10). Moses takes credit for God's work. When God uses you, the temptation is to believe you are the source. Every gift, every fruit, every miracle belongs to God — not to the instrument He uses.
- 3. God still provides (v.11). The water flows despite Moses' disobedience. God's grace to the people is not contingent on the leader's perfection. He blesses His people even through imperfect servants — but the servant still bears consequences.
- 4. "Speak ye unto the rock" (v.8). Christ was struck once (crucified); now we come to Him by speaking — by faith, by prayer, by calling on His name. We do not need to re-crucify Him. His one sacrifice is sufficient; we access its benefits by the word of faith.
- 5. Aaron's garments transferred (v.26). The priesthood outlives the priest. Aaron dies, but the office continues in Eleazar. Human priests are temporary — which is why we need Christ, whose priesthood is eternal (Hebrews 7:24). He never needs a successor.
- 6. A chapter of loss (vv.1, 12, 21, 28). Miriam dies. Moses loses his inheritance. Edom rejects them. Aaron dies. Sometimes life is a succession of losses. But God is still present, still providing, still leading forward. Loss does not mean abandonment.