Numbers — Chapter 15

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1Then the LORD said to Moses,

2“Speak to the Israelites and tell them: After you enter the land that I am giving you as a home

3and you present a food offering to the LORD from the herd or flock to produce a pleasing aroma to the LORD—either a burnt offering or a sacrifice, for a special vow or freewill offering or appointed feast—

4then the one presenting his offering to the LORD shall also present a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a quarter hin of olive oil.

5With the burnt offering or sacrifice of each lamb, you are to prepare a quarter hin of wine as a drink offering.

6With a ram you are to prepare a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a third of a hin of olive oil,

7and a third of a hin of wine as a drink offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

8When you prepare a young bull as a burnt offering or sacrifice to fulfill a vow or as a peace offering to the LORD,

9present with the bull a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with half a hin of olive oil.

10Also present half a hin of wine as a drink offering. It is a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

11This is to be done for each bull, ram, lamb, or goat.

12This is how you must prepare each one, no matter how many.

13Everyone who is native-born shall prepare these things in this way when he presents a food offering as a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

14And for the generations to come, if a foreigner residing with you or someone else among you wants to prepare a food offering as a pleasing aroma to the LORD, he is to do exactly as you do.

15The assembly is to have the same statute both for you and for the foreign resident; it is a permanent statute for the generations to come. You and the foreigner shall be the same before the LORD.

16The same law and the same ordinance will apply both to you and to the foreigner residing with you.”

17Then the LORD said to Moses,

18“Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When you enter the land to which I am bringing you

19and you eat the food of the land, you shall lift up an offering to the LORD.

20From the first of your dough, you are to lift up a cake as a contribution; offer it just like an offering from the threshing floor.

21Throughout your generations, you are to give the LORD an offering from the first of your dough.

22Now if you stray unintentionally and do not obey all these commandments that the LORD has spoken to Moses—

23all that the LORD has commanded you through Moses from the day the LORD gave them and continuing through the generations to come—

24and if it was done unintentionally without the knowledge of the congregation, then the whole congregation is to prepare one young bull as a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD, with its grain offering and drink offering according to the regulation, and one male goat as a sin offering.

25The priest is to make atonement for the whole congregation of Israel, so that they may be forgiven; for the sin was unintentional and they have brought to the LORD a food offering and a sin offering, presented before the LORD for their unintentional sin.

26Then the whole congregation of Israel and the foreigners residing among them will be forgiven, since it happened to all the people unintentionally.

27Also, if one person sins unintentionally, he is to present a year-old female goat as a sin offering.

28And the priest shall make atonement before the LORD on behalf of the person who erred by sinning unintentionally; and when atonement has been made for him, he will be forgiven.

29You shall have the same law for the one who acts in error, whether he is a native-born Israelite or a foreigner residing among you.

30But the person who sins defiantly, whether a native or foreigner, blasphemes the LORD. That person shall be cut off from among his people.

31He shall certainly be cut off, because he has despised the word of the LORD and broken His commandment; his guilt remains on him.”

32While the Israelites were in the wilderness, a man was found gathering wood on the Sabbath day.

33Those who found the man gathering wood brought him to Moses, Aaron, and the whole congregation,

34and because it had not been declared what should be done to him, they placed him in custody.

35And the LORD said to Moses, “The man must surely be put to death. The whole congregation is to stone him outside the camp.”

36So the whole congregation took the man outside the camp and stoned him to death, as the LORD had commanded Moses.

37And the LORD said to Moses,

38“Speak to the Israelites and tell them that throughout the generations to come they are to make for themselves tassels for the corners of their garments, with a blue cord on each tassel.

39These will serve as tassels for you to look at, so that you may remember all the commandments of the LORD, that you may obey them and not prostitute yourselves by following your own heart and your own eyes.

40Then you will remember and obey all My commandments, and you will be holy to your God.

41I am the LORD your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am the LORD your God.”

1And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

2Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land of your habitations, which I give unto you,

3And will make an offering by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, or a sacrifice in performing a vow, or in a freewill offering, or in your solemn feasts, to make a sweet savour unto the LORD, of the herd, or of the flock:

4Then shall he that offereth his offering unto the LORD bring a meat offering of a tenth deal of flour mingled with the fourth part of an hin of oil.

5And the fourth part of an hin of wine for a drink offering shalt thou prepare with the burnt offering or sacrifice, for one lamb.

6Or for a ram, thou shalt prepare for a meat offering two tenth deals of flour mingled with the third part of an hin of oil.

7And for a drink offering thou shalt offer the third part of an hin of wine, for a sweet savour unto the LORD.

8And when thou preparest a bullock for a burnt offering, or for a sacrifice in performing a vow, or peace offerings unto the LORD:

9Then shall he bring with a bullock a meat offering of three tenth deals of flour mingled with half an hin of oil.

10And thou shalt bring for a drink offering half an hin of wine, for an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD.

11Thus shall it be done for one bullock, or for one ram, or for a lamb, or a kid.

12According to the number that ye shall prepare, so shall ye do to every one according to their number.

13All that are born of the country shall do these things after this manner, in offering an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD.

14And if a stranger sojourn with you, or whosoever be among you in your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD; as ye do, so he shall do.

15One ordinance shall be both for you of the congregation, and also for the stranger that sojourneth with you, an ordinance for ever in your generations: as ye are, so shall the stranger be before the LORD.

16One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.

17And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

18Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land whither I bring you,

19Then it shall be, that, when ye eat of the bread of the land, ye shall offer up an heave offering unto the LORD.

20Ye shall offer up a cake of the first of your dough for an heave offering: as ye do the heave offering of the threshingfloor, so shall ye heave it.

21Of the first of your dough ye shall give unto the LORD an heave offering in your generations.

22And if ye have erred, and not observed all these commandments, which the LORD hath spoken unto Moses,

23Even all that the LORD hath commanded you by the hand of Moses, from the day that the LORD commanded Moses, and henceforward among your generations;

24Then it shall be, if ought be committed by ignorance without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bullock for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour unto the LORD, with his meat offering, and his drink offering, according to the manner, and one kid of the goats for a sin offering.

25And the priest shall make an atonement for all the congregation of the children of Israel, and it shall be forgiven them; for it is ignorance: and they shall bring their offering, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD, and their sin offering before the LORD, for their ignorance:

26And it shall be forgiven all the congregation of the children of Israel, and the stranger that sojourneth among them; seeing all the people were in ignorance.

27And if any soul sin through ignorance, then he shall bring a she goat of the first year for a sin offering.

28And the priest shall make an atonement for the soul that sinneth ignorantly, when he sinneth by ignorance before the LORD, to make an atonement for him; and it shall be forgiven him.

29Ye shall have one law for him that sinneth through ignorance, both for him that is born among the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them.

30But the soul that doeth ought presumptuously, whether he be born in the land, or a stranger, the same reproacheth the LORD; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

31Because he hath despised the word of the LORD, and hath broken his commandment, that soul shall utterly be cut off; his iniquity shall be upon him.

32And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man that gathered sticks upon the sabbath day.

33And they that found him gathering sticks brought him unto Moses and Aaron, and unto all the congregation.

34And they put him in ward, because it was not declared what should be done to him.

35And the LORD said unto Moses, The man shall be surely put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones without the camp.

36And all the congregation brought him without the camp, and stoned him with stones, and he died; as the LORD commanded Moses.

37And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

38Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put upon the fringe of the borders a ribband of blue:

39And it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of the LORD, and do them; and that ye seek not after your own heart and your own eyes, after which ye use to go a whoring:

40That ye may remember, and do all my commandments, and be holy unto your God.

41I am the LORD your God, which brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the LORD your God.

1And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

2Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye are come into the land of your habitations, which I give unto you,

3and will make an offering by fire unto Jehovah, a burnt-offering, or a sacrifice, to accomplish a vow, or as a freewill-offering, or in your set feasts, to make a sweet savor unto Jehovah, of the herd, or of the flock;

4then shall he that offereth his oblation offer unto Jehovah a meal-offering of a tenth part [of an ephah] of fine flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of oil:

5and wine for the drink-offering, the fourth part of a hin, shalt thou prepare with the burnt-offering, or for the sacrifice, for each lamb.

6Or for a ram, thou shalt prepare for a meal-offering two tenth parts [of an ephah] of fine flour mingled with the third part of a hin of oil:

7and for the drink-offering thou shalt offer the third part of a hin of wine, of a sweet savor unto Jehovah.

8And when thou preparest a bullock for a burnt-offering, or for a sacrifice, to accomplish a vow, or for peace-offerings unto Jehovah;

9then shall he offer with the bullock a meal-offering of three tenth parts [of an ephah] of fine flour mingled with half a hin of oil:

10and thou shalt offer for the drink-offering half a hin of wine, for an offering made by fire, of a sweet savor unto Jehovah.

11Thus shall it be done for each bullock, or for each ram, or for each of the he-lambs, or of the kids.

12According to the number that ye shall prepare, so shall ye do to every one according to their number.

13All that are home-born shall do these things after this manner, in offering an offering made by fire, of a sweet savor unto Jehovah.

14And if a stranger sojourn with you, or whosoever may be among you throughout your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a sweet savor unto Jehovah; as ye do, so he shall do.

15For the assembly, there shall be one statute for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth [with you], a statute for ever throughout your generations: as ye are, so shall the sojourner be before Jehovah.

16One law and one ordinance shall be for you, and for the stranger that sojourneth with you.

17And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

18Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye come into the land whither I bring you,

19then it shall be, that, when ye eat of the bread of the land, ye shall offer up a heave-offering unto Jehovah.

20Of the first of your dough ye shall offer up a cake for a heave-offering: as the heave-offering of the threshing-floor, so shall ye heave it.

21Of the first of your dough ye shall give unto Jehovah a heave-offering throughout your generations.

22And when ye shall err, and not observe all these commandments, which Jehovah hath spoken unto Moses,

23even all that Jehovah hath commanded you by Moses, from the day that Jehovah gave commandment, and onward throughout your generations;

24then it shall be, if it be done unwittingly, without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bullock for a burnt-offering, for a sweet savor unto Jehovah, with the meal-offering thereof, and the drink-offering thereof, according to the ordinance, and one he-goat for a sin-offering.

25And the priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of the children of Israel, and they shall be forgiven; for it was an error, and they have brought their oblation, an offering made by fire unto Jehovah, and their sin-offering before Jehovah, for their error:

26and all the congregation of the children of Israel shall be forgiven, and the stranger that sojourneth among them; for in respect of all the people it was done unwittingly.

27And if one person sin unwittingly, then he shall offer a she-goat a year old for a sin-offering.

28And the priest shall make atonement for the soul that erreth, when he sinneth unwittingly, before Jehovah, to make atonement for him; and he shall be forgiven.

29Ye shall have one law for him that doeth aught unwittingly, for him that is home-born among the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them.

30But the soul that doeth aught with a high hand, whether he be home-born or a sojourner, the same blasphemeth Jehovah; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

31Because he hath despised the word of Jehovah, and hath broken his commandment, that soul shall utterly be cut off; his iniquity shall be upon him.

32And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks upon the sabbath day.

33And they that found him gathering sticks brought him unto Moses and Aaron, and unto all the congregation.

34And they put him in ward, because it had not been declared what should be done to him.

35And Jehovah said unto Moses, The man shall surely be put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones without the camp.

36And all the congregation brought him without the camp, and stoned him to death with stones; as Jehovah commanded Moses.

37And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

38Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put upon the fringe of each border a cord of blue:

39and it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of Jehovah, and do them; and that ye follow not after your own heart and your own eyes, after which ye use to play the harlot;

40that ye may remember and do all my commandments, and be holy unto your God.

41I am Jehovah your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am Jehovah your God.

1The Lord spoke to Moses:

2“Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘When you enter the land where you are to live, which I am giving you,

3and you make an offering by fire to the Lord from the herd or from the flock (whether a burnt offering or a sacrifice for discharging a vow or as a freewill offering or in your solemn feasts) to create a pleasing aroma to the Lord,

4then the one who presents his offering to the Lord must bring a grain offering of one-tenth of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with one-fourth of a hin of olive oil.

5You must also prepare one-fourth of a hin of wine for a drink offering with the burnt offering or the sacrifice for each lamb.

6Or for a ram, you must prepare as a grain offering two-tenths of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with one-third of a hin of olive oil,

7and for a drink offering you must offer one-third of a hin of wine as a pleasing aroma to the Lord.

8And when you prepare a young bull as a burnt offering or a sacrifice for discharging a vow or as a peace offering to the Lord,

9then a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with half a hin of olive oil must be presented with the young bull,

10and you must present as the drink offering half a hin of wine with the fire offering as a pleasing aroma to the Lord.

11This is what is to be done for each ox, or each ram, or each of the male lambs or the goats.

12You must do so for each one according to the number that you prepare.

13“‘Every native-born person must do these things in this way to present an offering made by fire as a pleasing aroma to the Lord.

14If a resident foreigner is living with you—or whoever is among you in future generations—and prepares an offering made by fire as a pleasing aroma to the Lord, he must do it the same way you are to do it.

15One statute must apply to you who belong to the congregation and to the resident foreigner who is living among you, as a permanent statute for your future generations. You and the resident foreigner will be alike before the Lord.

16One law and one custom must apply to you and to the resident foreigner who lives alongside you.’”

17The Lord spoke to Moses:

18“Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘When you enter the land to which I am bringing you

19and you eat some of the food of the land, you must offer up a raised offering to the Lord.

20You must offer up a cake of the first of your finely ground flour as a raised offering; as you offer the raised offering of the threshing floor, so you must offer it up.

21You must give to the Lord some of the first of your finely ground flour as a raised offering in your future generations.

22“‘If you sin unintentionally and do not observe all these commandments that the Lord has spoken to Moses—

23all that the Lord has commanded you by the authority of Moses, from the day that the Lord commanded Moses and continuing through your future generations—

24then if anything is done unintentionally without the knowledge of the community, the whole community must prepare one young bull for a burnt offering—for a pleasing aroma to the Lord—along with its grain offering and its customary drink offering, and one male goat for a purification offering.

25And the priest is to make atonement for the whole community of the Israelites, and they will be forgiven, because it was unintentional and they have brought their offering, an offering made by fire to the Lord, and their purification offering before the Lord, for their unintentional offense.

26And the whole community of the Israelites and the resident foreigner who lives among them will be forgiven, since all the people were involved in the unintentional offense.

27“‘If any person sins unintentionally, then he must bring a yearling female goat for a purification offering.

28And the priest must make atonement for the person who sins unintentionally—when he sins unintentionally before the Lord—to make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.

29You must have one law for the person who sins unintentionally, both for the native-born among the Israelites and for the resident foreigner who lives among them.

30“‘But the person who acts defiantly, whether native-born or a resident foreigner, insults the Lord. That person must be cut off from among his people.

31Because he has despised the Lord’s message and has broken his commandment, that person must be completely cut off. His iniquity will be on him.’”

32When the Israelites were in the wilderness they found a man gathering wood on the Sabbath day.

33Those who found him gathering wood brought him to Moses and Aaron and to the whole community.

34They put him in custody, because there was no clear instruction about what should be done to him.

35Then the Lord said to Moses, “The man must surely be put to death; the whole community must stone him with stones outside the camp.”

36So the whole community took him outside the camp and stoned him to death, just as the Lord commanded Moses.

37The Lord spoke to Moses:

38“Speak to the Israelites and tell them to make tassels for themselves on the corners of their garments throughout their generations, and put a blue thread on the tassel of the corners.

39You must have this tassel so that you may look at it and remember all the commandments of the Lord and obey them and so that you do not follow after your own heart and your own eyes that lead you to unfaithfulness.

40Thus you will remember and obey all my commandments and be holy to your God.

41I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am the Lord your God.”

1Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

2“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you have come into the land of your habitations, which I give to you,

3and will make an offering by fire to Yahweh, a burnt offering, or a sacrifice, to accomplish a vow, or as a freewill offering, or in your set feasts, to make a pleasant aroma to Yahweh, of the herd, or of the flock;

4then he who offers his offering shall offer to Yahweh a meal offering of one tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with the fourth part of a hin of oil.

5You shall prepare wine for the drink offering, the fourth part of a hin, with the burnt offering, or for the sacrifice, for each lamb.

6“‘Or for a ram, you shall prepare for a meal offering two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with the third part of a hin of oil;

7and for the drink offering you shall offer the third part of a hin of wine, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.

8When you prepare a bull for a burnt offering, or for a sacrifice, to accomplish a vow, or for peace offerings to Yahweh;

9then shall he offer with the bull a meal offering of three tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with half a hin of oil:

10and you shall offer for the drink offering half a hin of wine, for an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.

11Thus shall it be done for each bull, or for each ram, or for each of the male lambs, or of the young goats.

12According to the number that you shall prepare, so you shall do to everyone according to their number.

13“‘All who are native-born shall do these things in this way, in offering an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.

14If a stranger lives as a foreigner with you, or whoever may be among you throughout your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to Yahweh; as you do, so he shall do.

15For the assembly, there shall be one statute for you and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner, a statute forever throughout your generations. As you are, so shall the foreigner be before Yahweh.

16One law and one ordinance shall be for you, and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner with you.’”

17Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

18“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you come into the land where I bring you,

19then it shall be that when you eat of the bread of the land, you shall offer up a wave offering to Yahweh.

20Of the first of your dough you shall offer up a cake for a wave offering. As the wave offering of the threshing floor, so you shall heave it.

21Of the first of your dough, you shall give to Yahweh a wave offering throughout your generations.

22“‘When you err, and don’t observe all these commandments, which Yahweh has spoken to Moses,

23even all that Yahweh has commanded you by Moses, from the day that Yahweh gave commandment, and onward throughout your generations;

24then it shall be, if it was done unwittingly, without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bull for a burnt offering, for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh, with its meal offering, and its drink offering, according to the ordinance, and one male goat for a sin offering.

25The priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of the children of Israel, and they shall be forgiven; for it was an error, and they have brought their offering, an offering made by fire to Yahweh, and their sin offering before Yahweh, for their error.

26All the congregation of the children of Israel shall be forgiven, as well as the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them; for with regard to all the people, it was done unwittingly.

27“‘If one person sins unwittingly, then he shall offer a female goat a year old for a sin offering.

28The priest shall make atonement for the soul who errs, when he sins unwittingly before Yahweh, to make atonement for him; and he shall be forgiven.

29You shall have one law for him who does anything unwittingly, for him who is native-born among the children of Israel, and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them.

30“‘But the soul who does anything with a high hand, whether he is native-born or a foreigner, the same blasphemes Yahweh. That soul shall be cut off from among his people.

31Because he has despised Yahweh’s word, and has broken his commandment, that soul shall utterly be cut off. His iniquity shall be on him.’”

32While the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath day.

33Those who found him gathering sticks brought him to Moses and Aaron, and to all the congregation.

34They put him in custody, because it had not been declared what should be done to him.

35Yahweh said to Moses, “The man shall surely be put to death. All the congregation shall stone him with stones outside of the camp.”

36All the congregation brought him outside of the camp, and stoned him to death with stones, as Yahweh commanded Moses.

37Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

38“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them that they should make themselves fringes in the borders of their garments throughout their generations, and that they put on the fringe of each border a cord of blue:

39and it shall be to you for a fringe, that you may look on it, and remember all Yahweh’s commandments, and do them; and that you don’ t follow your own heart and your own eyes, after which you use to play the prostitute;

40so that you may remember and do all my commandments, and be holy to your God.

41I am Yahweh your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am Yahweh your God.”

Summary
Authorship & Background
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Summary

God gives regulations for grain, drink, and animal offerings to accompany sacrifices once Israel enters and settles the land, extending hope even after the previous chapter's judgment by speaking of a future beyond the wilderness (vv. 1-16). Laws follow regarding offerings from the land's first produce and provisions for unintentional sin, both for the community and for individuals, along with a warning that defiant, willful sin cuts a person off from the people (vv. 17-31). The narrative interrupts with an account of a man found gathering wood on the Sabbath, whom the community holds in custody until the Lord instructs that he be put to death outside the camp as a deliberate violation (vv. 32-36). The chapter closes with the command that Israelites attach tassels with a blue cord to the corners of their garments as a visual reminder to keep all of God's commands rather than following their own hearts and eyes (vv. 37-41).

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses. Numbers is the fourth book of the Pentateuch, written during the wilderness period (approximately 1445-1405 BC). Hebrew title: "Bemidbar" — "In the wilderness." The book records Israel's 38 years of wilderness wandering between Sinai and the Promised Land — a journey that should have taken 11 days (Deuteronomy 1:2) but took 40 years due to unbelief.
Historical Context: Chapter 15 follows immediately after the devastating sentence of chapter 14 — that generation will die in the wilderness. Yet remarkably, God opens this chapter with "When ye be come into the land" (v.2). The very first words after the sentence of death are a promise of future arrival. The parents will not enter, but the children will. God's plan is delayed, not destroyed. The chapter contains: (1) supplementary offering laws — grain and drink offerings to accompany animal sacrifices (vv.1-16), (2) the firstfruits of dough (vv.17-21), (3) laws for unintentional sin vs. presumptuous sin (vv.22-31), (4) the case of the Sabbath-breaker — an example of "high-handed" sin (vv.32-36), and (5) the command to wear tassels/fringes as reminders of God's commandments (vv.37-41). The placement is significant: after the greatest act of rebellion, God provides both the means of atonement (for unintentional sin) and the warning against presumption (for deliberate sin), plus a physical reminder to keep His commands. Grace and holiness together.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: a sentence of forty years' death opened, in its very next breath, with when ye be come into the land, grain and drink offerings scaled to whichever animal accompanies them, a single law repeated for native Israelite and resident stranger alike, a stark distinction drawn between unintentional sin that can be atoned for and a high-handed sin that cannot, a man stoned for gathering sticks on the Sabbath as the chapter's own illustration of that high-handed sin, and blue-corded tassels commanded on every garment's corner as a permanent visual reminder against the wandering heart
Supplementary Offering Laws (vv.1-16): "When ye be come into the land" (v.2) — hope after judgment. These laws prescribe grain offerings (flour mixed with oil) and drink offerings (wine) to accompany burnt offerings and sacrifices. The amounts scale with the animal: lamb (1/10 ephah flour, 1/4 hin oil, 1/4 hin wine), ram (2/10 ephah, 1/3 hin oil, 1/3 hin wine), bull (3/10 ephah, 1/2 hin oil, 1/2 hin wine) (vv.4-10). These apply to native Israelites and sojourners alike: "One law and one manner shall be for you, and for the stranger" (v.16). The offerings represent the fullness of worship — not just blood atonement but the fruit of the land (grain, oil, wine) offered back to God.
Firstfruits of Dough (vv.17-21): When they enter the land and eat its bread, they must offer a "heave offering" (KJV) / "contribution" (ESV) from the first of their dough (v.20). This acknowledges God as the source of daily bread. The first portion belongs to Him — before they eat, they give.
Unintentional vs. Presumptuous Sin (vv.22-31): For unintentional congregational sin: a bull for burnt offering and a goat for sin offering; the priest makes atonement and "it shall be forgiven them" (vv.24-26). For individual unintentional sin: a female goat; atonement is made and "it shall be forgiven him" (vv.27-28). One law for native and stranger (v.29). But: "the soul that doeth ought presumptuously" (KJV) / "the person who does anything with a high hand" (ESV) — that person "reproacheth the LORD" (KJV) / "reviles the LORD" (ESV) and "shall be cut off" (v.30). Why? "Because he hath despised the word of the LORD" (v.31). There is atonement for weakness; there is no sacrifice for defiance.
The Sabbath-Breaker (vv.32-36): A man is found gathering sticks on the Sabbath (v.32). He is held in custody while God is consulted (v.34). God's verdict: death by stoning outside the camp (v.35). This is executed (v.36). This case illustrates "high-handed" sin — deliberate, public violation of a known command. The Sabbath was the sign of the covenant (Exodus 31:13-17); to break it openly was to reject the covenant itself.
Tassels/Fringes (vv.37-41): God commands Israel to make "fringes" (KJV) / "tassels" (ESV) on the corners of their garments with a cord of blue (v.38). Purpose: "that ye may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of the LORD, and do them" (v.39). The tassels are a physical reminder against following "your own heart and your own eyes" (v.39). The blue cord likely represents heaven/the divine. Jesus wore these tassels (Matthew 9:20; 14:36); the Pharisees enlarged theirs for show (Matthew 23:5). The principle: we need tangible reminders of God's commands because our hearts naturally wander.

Map & Geography

  • The wilderness: Laws given during the 38-year wandering period. "When ye be come into the land" (v.2) — these laws anticipate future life in Canaan despite the generation's failure.

Places on this map

  • CanaanIsrael, West Bank, LebanonThe land bridge between Egypt and Mesopotamia, which is why armies crossed it for three thousand years. Within about 60 miles it goes from coastal plain to hill country to rift valley to desert plateau, so control of it was always local and piecemeal. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes the grace of the chapter's opening: "When you come into the land" — spoken to a condemned generation. God's promise to the next generation is immediate and certain. He notes the Sabbath-breaker case as a concrete example of "high-handed" sin — not a moment of weakness but deliberate, public defiance.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Unintentional Danger - Numbers 15:27-28
David Guzik

Thanksgiving and Joy, Even After Failure - Numbers 15:1-5
David Guzik

Numbers 15-16 | Korah's Rebellion | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: what the census lists and wilderness years are doing in Scripture.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Numbers -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Hope Spoken Into Judgment (v.2) — Immediately after chapter 14's sentence of death, God speaks of the generation's children entering the land. Where do you need to trust that God's purposes keep moving even after a season of failure or loss?
  • One Law for Native and Stranger (vv.15-16) — God makes no distinction between the native-born Israelite and the foreigner who worships alongside them, so both stand on equal footing before Him. Do you treat outsiders and newcomers in your community as having equal standing before God?
  • Unintentional Sin Versus Defiance (vv.22-31) — Israel is given atonement for sins committed in ignorance or weakness, but no sacrifice is offered for deliberate, defiant rebellion. Is your struggle with sin more like stumbling in weakness, or is there an area where you are knowingly defiant?
  • The Sabbath-Breaker's Fate (vv.32-36) — A man gathering sticks on the Sabbath is executed, showing that public, deliberate violation of a known command is treated as rejection of the covenant itself. Do you take God's commands seriously even in matters that seem small?
  • Tassels as Reminders (vv.38-41) — God commands Israel to wear blue-corded tassels so that seeing them would call His commandments to mind and keep them from following their own wandering hearts and eyes. What tangible reminders keep your heart anchored to God's truth?