Numbers — Chapter 9

Loading ESV text...

1In the first month of the second year after Israel had come out of the land of Egypt, the LORD spoke to Moses in the Wilderness of Sinai:

2“The Israelites are to observe the Passover at its appointed time.

3You are to observe it at the appointed time, at twilight on the fourteenth day of this month, in accordance with its statutes and ordinances.”

4So Moses told the Israelites to observe the Passover,

5and they did so in the Wilderness of Sinai, at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month. The Israelites did everything just as the LORD had commanded Moses.

6But there were some men who were unclean due to a dead body, so they could not observe the Passover on that day. And they came before Moses and Aaron that same day

7and said to Moses, “We are unclean because of a dead body, but why should we be excluded from presenting the LORD’s offering with the other Israelites at the appointed time?”

8“Wait here until I find out what the LORD commands concerning you,” Moses replied.

9Then the LORD said to Moses,

10“Tell the Israelites: ‘When any one of you or your descendants is unclean because of a dead body, or is away on a journey, he may still observe the Passover to the LORD.

11Such people are to observe it at twilight on the fourteenth day of the second month. They are to eat the lamb, together with unleavened bread and bitter herbs;

12they may not leave any of it until morning or break any of its bones. They must observe the Passover according to all its statutes.

13But if a man who is ceremonially clean and is not on a journey still fails to observe the Passover, he must be cut off from his people, because he did not present the LORD’s offering at its appointed time. That man will bear the consequences of his sin.

14If a foreigner dwelling among you wants to observe the Passover to the LORD, he is to do so according to the Passover statute and its ordinances. You are to apply the same statute to both the foreigner and the native of the land.’”

15On the day that the tabernacle, the Tent of the Testimony, was set up, the cloud covered it and appeared like fire above the tabernacle from evening until morning.

16It remained that way continually; the cloud would cover the tabernacle by day, and at night it would appear like fire.

17Whenever the cloud was lifted from above the Tent, the Israelites would set out, and wherever the cloud settled, there the Israelites would camp.

18At the LORD’s command the Israelites set out, and at the LORD’s command they camped. As long as the cloud remained over the tabernacle, they remained encamped.

19Even when the cloud lingered over the tabernacle for many days, the Israelites kept the LORD’s charge and did not set out.

20Sometimes the cloud remained over the tabernacle for only a few days, and they would camp at the LORD’s command and set out at the LORD’s command.

21Sometimes the cloud remained only from evening until morning, and when it lifted in the morning, they would set out. Whether it was by day or by night, when the cloud was taken up, they would set out.

22Whether the cloud lingered for two days, a month, or longer, the Israelites camped and did not set out as long as the cloud remained over the tabernacle; but when it was lifted, they would set out.

23They camped at the LORD’s command, and they set out at the LORD’s command; they carried out the LORD’s charge according to His command through Moses.

1And the LORD spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying,

2Let the children of Israel also keep the passover at his appointed season.

3In the fourteenth day of this month, at even, ye shall keep it in his appointed season: according to all the rites of it, and according to all the ceremonies thereof, shall ye keep it.

4And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, that they should keep the passover.

5And they kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the first month at even in the wilderness of Sinai: according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so did the children of Israel.

6And there were certain men, who were defiled by the dead body of a man, that they could not keep the passover on that day: and they came before Moses and before Aaron on that day:

7And those men said unto him, We are defiled by the dead body of a man: wherefore are we kept back, that we may not offer an offering of the LORD in his appointed season among the children of Israel?

8And Moses said unto them, Stand still, and I will hear what the LORD will command concerning you.

9And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

10Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If any man of you or of your posterity shall be unclean by reason of a dead body, or be in a journey afar off, yet he shall keep the passover unto the LORD.

11The fourteenth day of the second month at even they shall keep it, and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

12They shall leave none of it unto the morning, nor break any bone of it: according to all the ordinances of the passover they shall keep it.

13But the man that is clean, and is not in a journey, and forbeareth to keep the passover, even the same soul shall be cut off from among his people: because he brought not the offering of the LORD in his appointed season, that man shall bear his sin.

14And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the passover unto the LORD; according to the ordinance of the passover, and according to the manner thereof, so shall he do: ye shall have one ordinance, both for the stranger, and for him that was born in the land.

15And on the day that the tabernacle was reared up the cloud covered the tabernacle, namely, the tent of the testimony: and at even there was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire, until the morning.

16So it was alway: the cloud covered it by day, and the appearance of fire by night.

17And when the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle, then after that the children of Israel journeyed: and in the place where the cloud abode, there the children of Israel pitched their tents.

18At the commandment of the LORD the children of Israel journeyed, and at the commandment of the LORD they pitched: as long as the cloud abode upon the tabernacle they rested in their tents.

19And when the cloud tarried long upon the tabernacle many days, then the children of Israel kept the charge of the LORD, and journeyed not.

20And so it was, when the cloud was a few days upon the tabernacle; according to the commandment of the LORD they abode in their tents, and according to the commandment of the LORD they journeyed.

21And so it was, when the cloud abode from even unto the morning, and that the cloud was taken up in the morning, then they journeyed: whether it was by day or by night that the cloud was taken up, they journeyed.

22Or whether it were two days, or a month, or a year, that the cloud tarried upon the tabernacle, remaining thereon, the children of Israel abode in their tents, and journeyed not: but when it was taken up, they journeyed.

23At the commandment of the LORD they rested in the tents, and at the commandment of the LORD they journeyed: they kept the charge of the LORD, at the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses.

1And Jehovah spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they were come out of the land of Egypt, saying,

2Moreover let the children of Israel keep the passover in its appointed season.

3In the fourteenth day of this month, at even, ye shall keep it in its appointed season: according to all the statutes of it, and according to all the ordinances thereof, shall ye keep it.

4And Moses spake unto the children of Israel, that they should keep the passover.

5And they kept the passover in the first [month], on the fourteenth day of the month, at even, in the wilderness of Sinai: according to all that Jehovah commanded Moses, so did the children of Israel.

6And there were certain men, who were unclean by reason of the dead body of a man, so that they could not keep the passover on that day: and they came before Moses and before Aaron on that day:

7and those men said unto him, We are unclean by reason of the dead body of a man: wherefore are we kept back, that we may not offer the oblation of Jehovah in its appointed season among the children of Israel?

8And Moses said unto them, Stay ye, that I may hear what Jehovah will command concerning you.

9And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

10Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If any man of you or of your generations shall be unclean by reason of a dead body, or be on a journey afar off, yet he shall keep the passover unto Jehovah.

11In the second month on the fourteenth day at even they shall keep it; they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs:

12they shall leave none of it unto the morning, nor break a bone thereof: according to all the statute of the passover they shall keep it.

13But the man that is clean, and is not on a journey, and forbeareth to keep the passover, that soul shall be cut off from his people; because he offered not the oblation of Jehovah in its appointed season, that man shall bear his sin.

14And if a stranger shall sojourn among you, and will keep the passover unto Jehovah; according to the statute of the passover, and according to the ordinance thereof, so shall he do: ye shall have one statute, both for the sojourner, and for him that is born in the land.

15And on the day that the tabernacle was reared up the cloud covered the tabernacle, even the tent of the testimony: and at even it was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire, until morning.

16So it was alway: the cloud covered it, and the appearance of fire by night.

17And whenever the cloud was taken up from over the Tent, then after that the children of Israel journeyed: and in the place where the cloud abode, there the children of Israel encamped.

18At the commandment of Jehovah the children of Israel journeyed, and at the commandment of Jehovah they encamped: as long as the cloud abode upon the tabernacle they remained encamped.

19And when the cloud tarried upon the tabernacle many days, then the children of Israel kept the charge of Jehovah, and journeyed not.

20And sometimes the cloud was a few days upon the tabernacle; then according to the commandment of Jehovah they remained encamped, and according to the commandment of Jehovah they journeyed.

21And sometimes the cloud was from evening until morning; and when the cloud was taken up in the morning, they journeyed: or [if it continued] by day and by night, when the cloud was taken up, they journeyed.

22Whether it were two days, or a month, or a year, that the cloud tarried upon the tabernacle, abiding thereon, the children of Israel remained encamped, and journeyed not; but when it was taken up, they journeyed.

23At the commandment of Jehovah they encamped, and at the commandment of Jehovah they journeyed: they kept the charge of Jehovah, at the commandment of Jehovah by Moses.

1The Lord spoke to Moses in the desert of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt:

2“The Israelites are to observe the Passover at its appointed time.

3In the fourteenth day of this month, at twilight, you are to observe it at its appointed time; you must keep it in accordance with all its statutes and all its customs.”

4So Moses instructed the Israelites to observe the Passover.

5And they observed the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight in the desert of Sinai; in accordance with all that the Lord had commanded Moses, so the Israelites did.

6It happened that some men who were ceremonially defiled by the dead body of a man could not keep the Passover on that day, so they came before Moses and before Aaron on that day.

7And those men said to Moses, “We are ceremonially defiled by the dead body of a man; why are we kept back from offering the Lord’s offering at its appointed time among the Israelites?”

8So Moses said to them, “Remain here and I will hear what the Lord will command concerning you.”

9The Lord spoke to Moses:

10“Tell the Israelites, ‘If any of you or of your posterity become ceremonially defiled by touching a dead body, or are on a journey far away, then he may observe the Passover to the Lord.

11They may observe it on the fourteenth day of the second month at twilight; they are to eat it with bread made without yeast and with bitter herbs.

12They must not leave any of it until morning, nor break any of its bones; they must observe it in accordance with every statute of the Passover.

13“‘But the man who is ceremonially clean, and was not on a journey, and fails to keep the Passover, that person must be cut off from his people. Because he did not bring the Lord’s offering at its appointed time, that man must bear his sin.

14If a resident foreigner lives among you and wants to keep the Passover to the Lord, he must do so according to the statute of the Passover, and according to its custom. You must have the same statute for the resident foreigner and for the one who was born in the land.’”

15On the day that the tabernacle was set up, the cloud covered the tabernacle—the tent of the testimony—and from evening until morning there was a fiery appearance over the tabernacle.

16This is the way it used to be continually: The cloud would cover it by day, and there was a fiery appearance by night.

17Whenever the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle, then after that the Israelites would begin their journey; and in whatever place the cloud settled, there the Israelites would make camp.

18At the commandment of the Lord the Israelites would begin their journey, and at the commandment of the Lord they would make camp; as long as the cloud remained settled over the tabernacle they would camp.

19When the cloud remained over the tabernacle many days, then the Israelites obeyed the instructions of the Lord and did not journey.

20When the cloud remained over the tabernacle a number of days, they remained camped according to the Lord’s commandment, and according to the Lord’s commandment they would journey.

21And when the cloud remained only from evening until morning, when the cloud was taken up the following morning, then they traveled on. Whether by day or by night, when the cloud was taken up they traveled.

22Whether it was for two days, or a month, or a year that the cloud prolonged its stay over the tabernacle, the Israelites remained camped without traveling; but when it was taken up, they traveled on.

23At the commandment of the Lord they camped, and at the commandment of the Lord they traveled on; they kept the instructions of the Lord according to the commandment of the Lord, by the authority of Moses.

1Yahweh spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the first month of the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying,

2“Moreover let the children of Israel keep the Passover in its appointed season.

3On the fourteenth day of this month, at evening, you shall keep it in its appointed season—according to all its statutes, and according to all its ordinances, you shall keep it.”

4Moses spoke to the children of Israel, that they should keep the Passover.

5They kept the Passover in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at evening, in the wilderness of Sinai. According to all that Yahweh commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did.

6There were certain men, who were unclean because of the dead body of a man, so that they could not keep the Passover on that day, and they came before Moses and before Aaron on that day.

7Those men said to him, “We are unclean because of the dead body of a man. Why are we kept back, that we may not offer the offering of Yahweh in its appointed season among the children of Israel?”

8Moses answered them, “Wait, that I may hear what Yahweh will command concerning you.”

9Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

10“Say to the children of Israel, ‘If any man of you or of your generations is unclean by reason of a dead body, or is on a journey far away, he shall still keep the Passover to Yahweh.

11In the second month, on the fourteenth day at evening they shall keep it; they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.

12They shall leave none of it until the morning, nor break a bone of it. According to all the statute of the Passover they shall keep it.

13But the man who is clean, and is not on a journey, and fails to keep the Passover, that soul shall be cut off from his people. Because he didn’t offer the offering of Yahweh in its appointed season, that man shall bear his sin.

14“‘If a foreigner lives among you, and desires to keep the Passover to Yahweh; according to the statute of the Passover, and according to its ordinance, so shall he do. You shall have one statute, both for the foreigner, and for him who is born in the land.’”

15On the day that the tabernacle was raised up, the cloud covered the tabernacle, even the Tent of the Testimony: and at evening it was over the tabernacle, as it were the appearance of fire, until morning.

16So it was continually. The cloud covered it, and the appearance of fire by night.

17Whenever the cloud was taken up from over the Tent, then after that the children of Israel traveled; and in the place where the cloud remained, there the children of Israel encamped.

18At the commandment of Yahweh, the children of Israel traveled, and at the commandment of Yahweh they encamped. As long as the cloud remained on the tabernacle they remained encamped.

19When the cloud stayed on the tabernacle many days, then the children of Israel kept Yahweh’s command, and didn’t travel.

20Sometimes the cloud was a few days on the tabernacle; then according to the commandment of Yahweh they remained encamped, and according to the commandment of Yahweh they traveled.

21Sometimes the cloud was from evening until morning; and when the cloud was taken up in the morning, they traveled: or by day and by night, when the cloud was taken up, they traveled.

22Whether it was two days, or a month, or a year that the cloud stayed on the tabernacle, remaining on it, the children of Israel remained encamped, and didn’t travel; but when it was taken up, they traveled.

23At the commandment of Yahweh they encamped, and at the commandment of Yahweh they traveled. They kept Yahweh’s command, at the commandment of Yahweh by Moses.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

In the second year after leaving Egypt, Israel keeps the Passover as commanded, but men defiled by contact with a corpse cannot participate, so God institutes a second Passover a month later for anyone unclean or on a journey at the original time (vv. 1-14). The chapter then turns to the cloud that covers the tabernacle from the day it was set up, appearing like fire at night; whenever the cloud lifted, Israel set out, and wherever it settled, they camped (vv. 15-19). Whether the cloud stayed a few days, a month, or a year, the Israelites obeyed its movement precisely, never setting out or staying based on their own judgment (vv. 20-23). This section highlights Israel's obedience to divine guidance rather than their own timing during the wilderness years.

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses. Numbers is the fourth book of the Pentateuch, written during the wilderness period (approximately 1445-1405 BC). Hebrew title: "Bemidbar" — "In the wilderness." The book records Israel's 38 years of wilderness wandering between Sinai and the Promised Land — a journey that should have taken 11 days (Deuteronomy 1:2) but took 40 years due to unbelief.
Historical Context: Chapter 9 records two significant events: the second Passover observance (vv.1-14) and the guidance of the cloud over the Tabernacle (vv.15-23). The date is the first month of the second year — chronologically before the census of Chapter 1 (second month). This is the first anniversary of the Exodus, and God commands Israel to observe the Passover again. A practical problem arises: some men are ceremonially unclean and cannot participate. Rather than deciding on his own, Moses waits for God's answer — and God provides a gracious solution: a second Passover one month later for those legitimately unable to observe the first. This shows God's desire that all His people participate in remembering redemption. The second half of the chapter describes the cloud — God's visible presence guiding Israel. When the cloud moves, they move; when it stays, they stay. This is the pattern of the entire wilderness journey: complete dependence on God's leading, day by day, with no advance schedule.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: a second Passover kept exactly one year after the first, ceremonially unclean men who ask to be included rather than accepting exclusion, a provision built for the genuinely prevented and fenced against anyone merely unwilling, a cloud settling over the Tabernacle from the very day it is first raised, and a pattern repeated regardless of duration, whether the cloud lingers a night, a month or a year, they camp or march at the LORD's word and no other
The Second Passover Observed (vv.1-5): God speaks in the first month of the second year (v.1) — one month before the census. Command: keep the Passover "at his appointed season" (v.2). The date: fourteenth day of the first month, at evening (v.3). "According to all the rites of it, and according to all the ceremonies thereof" (v.3) — exactly as prescribed in Exodus 12. Moses tells the people; they obey (vv.4-5). This is only the second Passover ever observed — the first was in Egypt. It will not be observed again until they enter Canaan (Joshua 5:10).
The Problem of Uncleanness (vv.6-8): Certain men are defiled by contact with a dead body and cannot keep the Passover (v.6). They come to Moses with a remarkable question: "Wherefore are we kept back, that we may not offer an offering of the LORD in his appointed season?" (v.7). They do not want to be excluded — they want to worship. Moses does not presume to answer: "Stand still, and I will hear what the LORD will command concerning you" (v.8). A model of leadership: when you do not know, wait for God.
The Second Passover Provided (vv.9-14): The answer to the men who were unclean at Passover is a new provision rather than an exemption. If any man be unclean by reason of a dead body, or be in a journey afar off, he shall keep it in the fourteenth day of the second month, a full month late, with the same rules, unleavened bread and bitter herbs, no bone broken. The concession is fenced at both ends. A man who is clean and not travelling and does not keep it shall bear his sin and be cut off, so the second date is for the genuinely prevented and not for the merely unwilling. And the stranger is admitted on identical terms, one ordinance, both for the stranger and for him that was born in the land.
The Cloud — God's Visible Guidance (vv.15-23): On the day the Tabernacle was erected, the cloud covered it (v.15). At evening: the appearance of fire until morning (v.15). "So it was alway" (v.16) — cloud by day, fire by night. The pattern: when the cloud lifts, Israel journeys; where the cloud settles, Israel camps (v.17). "At the commandment of the LORD the children of Israel journeyed, and at the commandment of the LORD they pitched" (v.18). Whether the cloud stayed many days (v.19), a few days (v.20), overnight (v.21), two days, a month, or a year (v.22) — they waited. "At the commandment of the LORD they rested... and at the commandment of the LORD they journeyed" (v.23). No schedule. No advance notice. Pure dependence on God's moment-by-moment leading.

Map & Geography

  • Wilderness of Sinai: Israel keeps the second Passover in the wilderness (v.5). The cloud guides their movements — when it lifts, they march; when it settles, they camp.

Places on this map

  • Mount SinaiJebel Musa, Sinai Peninsula, EgyptTraditionally Jebel Musa in the granite mountains of the southern Sinai peninsula, about 7,500 feet high. The identification dates from Christian monastic tradition rather than from the text, and other candidates have been proposed, but this has been the pilgrimage site since the fourth century. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik highlights the men's desire to worship as exemplary — they did not use their uncleanness as an excuse to skip Passover but sought a way to participate. He emphasizes the cloud as a picture of daily dependence on God: no roadmap, no itinerary, just following His presence moment by moment.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Numbers 9 Summary: A Concise Overview in 5 Minutes
2BeLikeChrist

Numbers 9-10:10 | Exodus Repeated | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: what the census lists and wilderness years are doing in Scripture.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Numbers -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Hunger for Worship (v.7) — Men who are ceremonially unclean come to Moses asking why they should be kept from offering to the Lord, rather than quietly accepting the exclusion. Do you actively seek a way to participate in worship, or do you take the first excuse to skip it?
  • God Provides a Way (vv.10-11) — For those with a genuine obstacle, God institutes a second Passover a month later rather than simply leaving them out. When circumstances have kept you from worship, do you trust that God still makes a way for you?
  • Neglect Is Not Neutral (v.13) — A man with no legitimate excuse who simply fails to keep the Passover is cut off from the people. Do you treat casual neglect of God's commands as harmless, or do you see it for the active rebellion it is?
  • Following the Cloud (vv.17-23) — Israel moves or stays entirely at the cloud's leading, with no schedule and no advance notice, sometimes for a single night and sometimes for a year. Can you follow God's timing when it's unclear or inconvenient, rather than insisting on your own plan?