Numbers — Chapter 18

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1And the LORD said unto Aaron, Thou and thy sons and thy father’s house with thee shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary: and thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood.

2And thy brethren also of the tribe of Levi, the tribe of thy father, bring thou with thee, that they may be joined unto thee, and minister unto thee: but thou and thy sons with thee shall minister before the tabernacle of witness.

3And they shall keep thy charge, and the charge of all the tabernacle: only they shall not come nigh the vessels of the sanctuary and the altar, that neither they, nor ye also, die.

4And they shall be joined unto thee, and keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, for all the service of the tabernacle: and a stranger shall not come nigh unto you.

5And ye shall keep the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of the altar: that there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel.

6And I, behold, I have taken your brethren the Levites from among the children of Israel: to you they are given as a gift for the LORD, to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation.

7Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest’s office for every thing of the altar, and within the vail; and ye shall serve: I have given your priest’s office unto you as a service of gift: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.

8And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Behold, I also have given thee the charge of mine heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the children of Israel; unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing, and to thy sons, by an ordinance for ever.

9This shall be thine of the most holy things, reserved from the fire: every oblation of theirs, every meat offering of theirs, and every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs, which they shall render unto me, shall be most holy for thee and for thy sons.

10In the most holy place shalt thou eat it; every male shall eat it: it shall be holy unto thee.

11And this is thine; the heave offering of their gift, with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel: I have given them unto thee, and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: every one that is clean in thy house shall eat of it.

12All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the LORD, them have I given thee.

13And whatsoever is first ripe in the land, which they shall bring unto the LORD, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thine house shall eat of it.

14Every thing devoted in Israel shall be thine.

15Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh, which they bring unto the LORD, whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine: nevertheless the firstborn of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem.

16And those that are to be redeemed from a month old shalt thou redeem, according to thine estimation, for the money of five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs.

17But the firstling of a cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a sweet savour unto the LORD.

18And the flesh of them shall be thine, as the wave breast and as the right shoulder are thine.

19All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer unto the LORD, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: it is a covenant of salt for ever before the LORD unto thee and to thy seed with thee.

20And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Thou shalt have no inheritance in their land, neither shalt thou have any part among them: I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel.

21And, behold, I have given the children of Levi all the tenth in Israel for an inheritance, for their service which they serve, even the service of the tabernacle of the congregation.

22Neither must the children of Israel henceforth come nigh the tabernacle of the congregation, lest they bear sin, and die.

23But the Levites shall do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they shall bear their iniquity: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations, that among the children of Israel they have no inheritance.

24But the tithes of the children of Israel, which they offer as an heave offering unto the LORD, I have given to the Levites to inherit: therefore I have said unto them, Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.

25And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

26Thus speak unto the Levites, and say unto them, When ye take of the children of Israel the tithes which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then ye shall offer up an heave offering of it for the LORD, even a tenth part of the tithe.

27And this your heave offering shall be reckoned unto you, as though it were the corn of the threshingfloor, and as the fulness of the winepress.

28Thus ye also shall offer an heave offering unto the LORD of all your tithes, which ye receive of the children of Israel; and ye shall give thereof the LORD’S heave offering to Aaron the priest.

29Out of all your gifts ye shall offer every heave offering of the LORD, of all the best thereof, even the hallowed part thereof out of it.

30Therefore thou shalt say unto them, When ye have heaved the best thereof from it, then it shall be counted unto the Levites as the increase of the threshingfloor, and as the increase of the winepress.

31And ye shall eat it in every place, ye and your households: for it is your reward for your service in the tabernacle of the congregation.

32And ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved from it the best of it: neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die.

1And Jehovah said unto Aaron, Thou and thy sons and thy fathers` house with thee shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary; and thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood.

2And thy brethren also, the tribe of Levi, the tribe of thy father, bring thou near with thee, that they may be joined unto thee, and minister unto thee: but thou and thy sons with thee shall be before the tent of the testimony.

3And they shall keep thy charge, and the charge of all the Tent: only they shall not come nigh unto the vessels of the sanctuary and unto the altar, that they die not, neither they, nor ye.

4And they shall be joined unto thee, and keep the charge of the tent of meeting, for all the service of the Tent: and a stranger shall not come nigh unto you.

5And ye shall keep the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of the altar; that there be wrath no more upon the children of Israel.

6And I, behold, I have taken your brethren the Levites from among the children of Israel: to you they are a gift, given unto Jehovah, to do the service of the tent of meeting.

7And thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priesthood for everything of the altar, and for that within the veil; and ye shall serve: I give you the priesthood as a service of gift: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.

8And Jehovah spake unto Aaron, And I, behold, I have given thee the charge of my heave-offerings, even all the hallowed things of the children of Israel; unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing, and to thy sons, as a portion for ever.

9This shall be thine of the most holy things, [reserved] from the fire: every oblation of theirs, even every meal-offering of theirs, and every sin-offering of theirs, and every trespass-offering of theirs, which they shall render unto me, shall be most holy for thee and for thy sons.

10As the most holy things shalt thou eat thereof; every male shall eat thereof: it shall be holy unto thee.

11And this is thine: the heave-offering of their gift, even all the wave-offerings of the children of Israel; I have given them unto thee, and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee, as a portion for ever; every one that is clean in thy house shall eat thereof.

12All the best of the oil, and all the best of the vintage, and of the grain, the first-fruits of them which they give unto Jehovah, to thee have I given them.

13The first-ripe fruits of all that is in their land, which they bring unto Jehovah, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thy house shall eat thereof.

14Everything devoted in Israel shall be thine.

15Everything that openeth the womb, of all flesh which they offer unto Jehovah, both of man and beast shall be thine: nevertheless the first-born of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem.

16And those that are to be redeemed of them from a month old shalt thou redeem, according to thine estimation, for the money of five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary (the same is twenty gerahs).

17But the firstling of a cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a sweet savor unto Jehovah.

18And the flesh of them shall be thine, as the wave-breast and as the right thigh, it shall be thine.

19All the heave-offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer unto Jehovah, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, as a portion for ever: it is a covenant of salt for ever before Jehovah unto thee and to thy seed with thee.

20And Jehovah said unto Aaron, Thou shalt have no inheritance in their land, neither shalt thou have any portion among them: I am thy portion and thine inheritance among the children of Israel.

21And unto the children of Levi, behold, I have given all the tithe in Israel for an inheritance, in return for their service which they serve, even the service of the tent of meeting.

22And henceforth the children of Israel shall not come nigh the tent of meeting, lest they bear sin, and die.

23But the Levites shall do the service of the tent of meeting, and they shall bear their iniquity: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations; and among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.

24For the tithe of the children of Israel, which they offer as a heave-offering unto Jehovah, I have given to the Levites for an inheritance: therefore I have said unto them, Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.

25And Jehovah spake unto Moses, saying,

26Moreover thou shalt speak unto the Levites, and say unto them, When ye take of the children of Israel the tithe which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then ye shall offer up a heave-offering of it for Jehovah, a tithe of the tithe.

27And your heave-offering shall be reckoned unto you, as though it were the grain of the threshing-floor, and as the fulness of the winepress.

28Thus ye also shall offer a heave-offering unto Jehovah of all your tithes, which ye receive of the children of Israel; and thereof ye shall give Jehovah`s heave-offering to Aaron the priest.

29Out of all your gifts ye shall offer every heave-offering of Jehovah, of all the best thereof, even the hallowed part thereof out of it.

30Therefore thou shalt say unto them, When ye heave the best thereof from it, then it shall be reckoned unto the Levites as the increase of the threshing-floor, and as the increase of the wine-press.

31And ye shall eat it in every place, ye and your households: for it is your reward in return for your service in the tent of meeting.

32And ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved from it the best thereof: and ye shall not profane the holy things of the children of Israel, that ye die not.

1The Lord said to Aaron, “You and your sons and your tribe with you must bear the iniquity of the sanctuary, and you and your sons with you must bear the iniquity of your priesthood.

2“Bring with you your brothers, the tribe of Levi, the tribe of your father, so that they may join with you and minister to you while you and your sons with you are before the tent of the testimony.

3They must be responsible to care for you and to care for the entire tabernacle. However, they must not come near the furnishings of the sanctuary and the altar, or both they and you will die.

4They must join with you, and they will be responsible for the care of the tent of meeting, for all the service of the tent, but no unauthorized person may approach you.

5You will be responsible for the care of the sanctuary and the care of the altar, so that there will be no more wrath on the Israelites.

6I myself have chosen your brothers the Levites from among the Israelites. They are given to you as a gift from the Lord, to perform the duties of the tent of meeting.

7But you and your sons with you are responsible for your priestly duties, for everything at the altar and within the curtain. And you must serve. I give you the priesthood as a gift for service, but the unauthorized person who approaches must be put to death.”

8The Lord spoke to Aaron, “See, I have given you the responsibility for my raised offerings; I have given all the holy things of the Israelites to you as your priestly portion and to your sons as a perpetual ordinance.

9Of all the most holy offerings reserved from the fire this will be yours: Every offering of theirs, whether from every grain offering or from every purification offering or from every reparation offering which they bring to me, will be most holy for you and for your sons.

10You are to eat it as a most holy offering; every male may eat it. It will be holy to you.

11“And this is yours: the raised offering of their gift, along with all the wave offerings of the Israelites. I have given them to you and to your sons and daughters with you as a perpetual ordinance. Everyone who is ceremonially clean in your household may eat of it.

12“All the best of the olive oil and all the best of the wine and of the wheat, the firstfruits of these things that they give to the Lord, I have given to you.

13And whatever first ripe fruit in their land they bring to the Lord will be yours; everyone who is ceremonially clean in your household may eat of it.

14“Everything devoted in Israel will be yours.

15The firstborn of every womb which they present to the Lord, whether human or animal, will be yours. Nevertheless, the firstborn sons you must redeem, and the firstborn males of unclean animals you must redeem.

16And those that must be redeemed you are to redeem when they are a month old, according to your estimation, for five shekels of silver according to the sanctuary shekel (which is 20 gerahs).

17But you must not redeem the firstborn of a cow or a sheep or a goat; they are holy. You must splash their blood on the altar and burn their fat for an offering made by fire for a pleasing aroma to the Lord.

18And their meat will be yours, just as the breast and the right hip of the raised offering is yours.

19All the raised offerings of the holy things that the Israelites offer to the Lord, I have given to you, and to your sons and daughters with you, as a perpetual ordinance. It is a covenant of salt forever before the Lord for you and for your descendants with you.”

20The Lord spoke to Aaron, “You will have no inheritance in their land, nor will you have any portion of property among them—I am your portion and your inheritance among the Israelites.

21See, I have given the Levites all the tithes in Israel for an inheritance, for their service that they perform—the service of the tent of meeting.

22No longer may the Israelites approach the tent of meeting, or else they will bear their sin and die.

23But the Levites must perform the service of the tent of meeting, and they must bear their iniquity. It will be a perpetual ordinance throughout your generations that among the Israelites the Levites have no inheritance.

24But I have given to the Levites for an inheritance the tithes of the Israelites that are offered to the Lord as a raised offering. That is why I said to them that among the Israelites they are to have no inheritance.”

25The Lord spoke to Moses:

26“You are to speak to the Levites, and you must tell them, ‘When you receive from the Israelites the tithe that I have given you from them as your inheritance, then you are to offer up from it as a raised offering to the Lord a tenth of the tithe.

27And your raised offering will be credited to you as though it were grain from the threshing floor or as new wine from the winepress.

28Thus you are to offer up a raised offering to the Lord of all your tithes that you receive from the Israelites; and you must give the Lord’s raised offering from it to Aaron the priest.

29From all your gifts you must offer up every raised offering due the Lord, from all the best of it, and the holiest part of it.’

30“Therefore you will say to them, ‘When you offer up the best of it, then it will be credited to the Levites as the product of the threshing floor and as the product of the winepress.

31And you may eat it in any place, you and your household, because it is your wages for your service in the tent of meeting.

32And you will bear no sin concerning it when you offer up the best of it. And you must not profane the holy things of the Israelites, or else you will die.’”

1Yahweh said to Aaron, “You and your sons and your fathers’ house with you shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary; and you and your sons with you shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood.

2Bring your brothers also, the tribe of Levi, the tribe of your father, near with you, that they may be joined to you, and minister to you; but you and your sons with you shall be before the Tent of the Testimony.

3They shall keep your commands, and the duty of the whole Tent; only they shall not come near to the vessels of the sanctuary and to the altar, that they not die, neither they, nor you.

4They shall be joined to you, and keep the responsibility of the Tent of Meeting, for all the service of the Tent. A stranger shall not come near to you.

5“You shall perform the duty of the sanctuary and the duty of the altar, that there be no more wrath on the children of Israel.

6Behold, I myself have taken your brothers the Levites from among the children of Israel. They are a gift to you, dedicated to Yahweh, to do the service of the Tent of Meeting.

7You and your sons with you shall keep your priesthood for everything of the altar, and for that within the veil. You shall serve. I give you the service of the priesthood as a gift. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death.”

8Yahweh spoke to Aaron, “Behold, I myself have given you the command of my wave offerings, even all the holy things of the children of Israel. I have given them to you by reason of the anointing, and to your sons, as a portion forever.

9This shall be yours of the most holy things from the fire: every offering of theirs, even every meal offering of theirs, and every sin offering of theirs, and every trespass offering of theirs, which they shall render to me, shall be most holy for you and for your sons.

10You shall eat of it like the most holy things. Every male shall eat of it. It shall be holy to you.

11“This is yours, too: the wave offering of their gift, even all the wave offerings of the children of Israel. I have given them to you, and to your sons and to your daughters with you, as a portion forever. Everyone who is clean in your house shall eat of it.

12“I have given to you all the best of the oil, and all the best of the vintage, and of the grain, the first fruits of them which they give to Yahweh.

13The first-ripe fruits of all that is in their land, which they bring to Yahweh, shall be yours. Everyone who is clean in your house shall eat of it.

14“Everything devoted in Israel shall be yours.

15Everything that opens the womb, of all flesh which they offer to Yahweh, both of man and animal shall be yours. Nevertheless, you shall surely redeem the firstborn of man, and you shall redeem the firstborn of unclean animals.

16You shall redeem those who are to be redeemed of them from a month old, according to your estimation, for five shekels of money, after the shekel of the sanctuary, which weighs twenty gerahs.

17“But you shall not redeem the firstborn of a cow, or the firstborn of a sheep, or the firstborn of a goat. They are holy. You shall sprinkle their blood on the altar, and shall burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a pleasant aroma to Yahweh.

18Their meat shall be yours, as the wave offering breast and as the right thigh, it shall be yours.

19All the wave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer to Yahweh, I have given you, and your sons and your daughters with you, as a portion forever. It is a covenant of salt forever before Yahweh to you and to your offspring with you.”

20Yahweh said to Aaron, “You shall have no inheritance in their land, neither shall you have any portion among them. I am your portion and your inheritance among the children of Israel.

21“To the children of Levi, behold, I have given all the tithe in Israel for an inheritance, in return for their service which they serve, even the service of the Tent of Meeting.

22Henceforth the children of Israel shall not come near the Tent of Meeting, lest they bear sin, and die.

23But the Levites shall do the service of the Tent of Meeting, and they shall bear their iniquity. It shall be a statute forever throughout your generations. Among the children of Israel, they shall have no inheritance.

24For the tithe of the children of Israel, which they offer as a wave offering to Yahweh, I have given to the Levites for an inheritance. Therefore I have said to them, ‘Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.’”

25Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

26“Moreover you shall speak to the Levites, and tell them, ‘When you take of the children of Israel the tithe which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then you shall offer up a wave offering of it for Yahweh, a tithe of the tithe.

27Your wave offering shall be credited to you, as though it were the grain of the threshing floor, and as the fullness of the wine press.

28Thus you also shall offer a wave offering to Yahweh of all your tithes, which you receive of the children of Israel; and of it you shall give Yahweh’s wave offering to Aaron the priest.

29Out of all your gifts, you shall offer every wave offering of Yahweh, of all its best parts, even the holy part of it.’

30“Therefore you shall tell them, ‘When you heave its best from it, then it shall be credited to the Levites as the increase of the threshing floor, and as the increase of the wine press.

31You may eat it anywhere, you and your households, for it is your reward in return for your service in the Tent of Meeting.

32You shall bear no sin by reason of it, when you have heaved from it its best. You shall not profane the holy things of the children of Israel, that you not die.’”

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

God defines the duties and provisions for priests and Levites — they receive no land inheritance because the Lord Himself is their portion.

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses. Numbers is the fourth book of the Pentateuch, written during the wilderness period (approximately 1445-1405 BC). Hebrew title: "Bemidbar" — "In the wilderness." The book records Israel's 38 years of wilderness wandering between Sinai and the Promised Land — a journey that should have taken 11 days (Deuteronomy 1:2) but took 40 years due to unbelief.
Historical Context: Chapter 18 answers the terrified cry of 17:12-13: "Shall we be consumed with dying?" God's answer: no — because I have provided priests and Levites to bear the responsibility of the sanctuary on your behalf. This chapter is addressed directly to Aaron (not Moses) — one of the few times God speaks to Aaron alone. It establishes: (1) the duties and responsibilities of priests and Levites (vv.1-7), (2) the provisions for priests — portions of offerings, firstfruits, firstborn redemption money, and devoted things (vv.8-19), (3) the stunning declaration "I am thy part and thine inheritance" (v.20), (4) the tithe given to Levites as their inheritance in lieu of land (vv.21-24), and (5) the tithe of the tithe — Levites give a tenth of what they receive to the priests (vv.25-32). The chapter establishes the economic foundation of Israel's worship system: those who serve the sanctuary full-time are supported by the people's tithes and offerings. But the deepest truth is v.20: the priests receive no land because GOD HIMSELF is their inheritance. They are the richest tribe in Israel — not in acres but in God.
Priestly and Levitical Responsibilities (vv.1-7): Aaron and his sons "bear the iniquity of the sanctuary" and "the iniquity of your priesthood" (v.1) — they carry the responsibility for any violations of holiness. The Levites assist the priests but may not touch the holy vessels or altar (v.3). No outsider may come near (v.4). The purpose: "that there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel" (v.5). The Levites are "a gift" to Aaron (v.6). The priesthood is "a service of gift" (v.7) — not earned but given by God. Any unauthorized person who approaches: death (v.7).
Priestly Provisions (vv.8-19): God gives Aaron: (1) portions of the most holy offerings — grain, sin, and trespass offerings, eaten by males only in the holy place (vv.9-10); (2) wave offerings and heave offerings — eaten by all clean members of the priest's household (v.11); (3) the best of oil, wine, and grain — the firstfruits (v.12); (4) first ripe fruits (v.13); (5) every devoted thing (v.14); (6) the firstborn — human firstborn redeemed for five shekels, clean animal firstborn sacrificed with flesh going to the priest (vv.15-18); (7) all holy contributions as "a covenant of salt for ever" (v.19). The priests are abundantly provided for — God ensures those who serve Him lack nothing.
"I Am Thy Part and Thine Inheritance" (v.20): The priests receive no land inheritance in Israel. Instead: "I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel" (v.20). This is the most extraordinary statement in the chapter. Every other tribe receives land; the priests receive God Himself. They are not impoverished — they are the wealthiest of all, because their inheritance is infinite and eternal.
The Levites' Tithe (vv.21-24): The Levites receive "all the tenth in Israel for an inheritance" (v.21) — the people's tithe supports them. In return, they serve the Tabernacle and bear the responsibility of mediating between God and the people (v.23). They receive no land inheritance (v.23-24).
The Tithe of the Tithe (vv.25-32): The Levites must give a tenth of what they receive to the priests — "a tithe of the tithe" (v.26). This is counted as their own offering to the LORD (v.27). They give "the best thereof" (v.29) — not the leftovers. After giving the best tenth to the priests, the remaining nine-tenths is theirs to eat anywhere as their wages (v.31). Everyone gives — even those who receive.

Map & Geography

  • The wilderness: Laws concerning priestly and Levitical duties and provisions during the wandering years. The Levites have "no inheritance in the land" (v.20) — the LORD is their inheritance.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes verse 20 as the heart of the chapter: God Himself is the priest's inheritance. He notes that this is not deprivation but supreme privilege — the priests are not landless because they are poor but because they are rich in God. He connects this to the New Testament believer's inheritance: "all things are yours" (1 Corinthians 3:21-23).
  • Charles Spurgeon: "'I am thy part and thine inheritance.' What words are these! The Almighty God — infinite, eternal, unchangeable — says to His servant: 'I am yours. You have no field, no vineyard, no estate — but you have Me. And I am better than ten thousand fields. I am the land that never fails, the harvest that never ends, the wine that never runs dry.' Oh, believer, this is your portion too! 'The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want.' He who has God has everything. He who has everything but God has nothing."

Reflection

  • 1. "I am thy part and thine inheritance" (v.20). The priests had no land — but they had God. Is God your inheritance, or is He merely an addition to your earthly possessions? The one who has God and nothing else is richer than the one who has everything else and not God.
  • 2. Privilege and responsibility (v.1). The priests have extraordinary access to God — but they also "bear the iniquity of the sanctuary." Greater privilege means greater accountability. Those who serve God closely are held to a higher standard (James 3:1).
  • 3. "A service of gift" (v.7). Ministry is not earned by ambition (Korah's error) — it is received as a gift. If God has called you to serve, it is His gift to you, not your achievement. Serve with gratitude, not entitlement.
  • 4. The tithe of the tithe (v.26). Even those who live by receiving must give. The Levites are not exempt from generosity because they are supported by others' generosity. No one is too poor or too dependent to give back to God.
  • 5. "The best thereof" (v.29). God always gets the best — the first, the finest, the choicest. Not leftovers, not what remains after you have taken what you want. Do you give God your best time, energy, and resources — or what is left over?
  • 6. God provides for those who serve Him (v.21). The tithe system ensures that those who devote themselves to ministry are not left destitute. "The labourer is worthy of his reward" (1 Timothy 5:18). Supporting those who serve God is not charity — it is obedience.