Numbers — Chapter 22

Loading ESV text...

1And the children of Israel set forward, and pitched in the plains of Moab on this side Jordan by Jericho.

2And Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites.

3And Moab was sore afraid of the people, because they were many: and Moab was distressed because of the children of Israel.

4And Moab said unto the elders of Midian, Now shall this company lick up all that are round about us, as the ox licketh up the grass of the field. And Balak the son of Zippor was king of the Moabites at that time.

5He sent messengers therefore unto Balaam the son of Beor to Pethor, which is by the river of the land of the children of his people, to call him, saying, Behold, there is a people come out from Egypt: behold, they cover the face of the earth, and they abide over against me:

6Come now therefore, I pray thee, curse me this people; for they are too mighty for me: peradventure I shall prevail, that we may smite them, and that I may drive them out of the land: for I wot that he whom thou blessest is blessed, and he whom thou cursest is cursed.

7And the elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the rewards of divination in their hand; and they came unto Balaam, and spake unto him the words of Balak.

8And he said unto them, Lodge here this night, and I will bring you word again, as the LORD shall speak unto me: and the princes of Moab abode with Balaam.

9And God came unto Balaam, and said, What men are these with thee?

10And Balaam said unto God, Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, hath sent unto me, saying,

11Behold, there is a people come out of Egypt, which covereth the face of the earth: come now, curse me them; peradventure I shall be able to overcome them, and drive them out.

12And God said unto Balaam, Thou shalt not go with them; thou shalt not curse the people: for they are blessed.

13And Balaam rose up in the morning, and said unto the princes of Balak, Get you into your land: for the LORD refuseth to give me leave to go with you.

14And the princes of Moab rose up, and they went unto Balak, and said, Balaam refuseth to come with us.

15And Balak sent yet again princes, more, and more honourable than they.

16And they came to Balaam, and said to him, Thus saith Balak the son of Zippor, Let nothing, I pray thee, hinder thee from coming unto me:

17For I will promote thee unto very great honour, and I will do whatsoever thou sayest unto me: come therefore, I pray thee, curse me this people.

18And Balaam answered and said unto the servants of Balak, If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the word of the LORD my God, to do less or more.

19Now therefore, I pray you, tarry ye also here this night, that I may know what the LORD will say unto me more.

20And God came unto Balaam at night, and said unto him, If the men come to call thee, rise up, and go with them; but yet the word which I shall say unto thee, that shalt thou do.

21And Balaam rose up in the morning, and saddled his ass, and went with the princes of Moab.

22And God’s anger was kindled because he went: and the angel of the LORD stood in the way for an adversary against him. Now he was riding upon his ass, and his two servants were with him.

23And the ass saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, and his sword drawn in his hand: and the ass turned aside out of the way, and went into the field: and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into the way.

24But the angel of the LORD stood in a path of the vineyards, a wall being on this side, and a wall on that side.

25And when the ass saw the angel of the LORD, she thrust herself unto the wall, and crushed Balaam’s foot against the wall: and he smote her again.

26And the angel of the LORD went further, and stood in a narrow place, where was no way to turn either to the right hand or to the left.

27And when the ass saw the angel of the LORD, she fell down under Balaam: and Balaam’s anger was kindled, and he smote the ass with a staff.

28And the LORD opened the mouth of the ass, and she said unto Balaam, What have I done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me these three times?

29And Balaam said unto the ass, Because thou hast mocked me: I would there were a sword in mine hand, for now would I kill thee.

30And the ass said unto Balaam, Am not I thine ass, upon which thou hast ridden ever since I was thine unto this day? was I ever wont to do so unto thee? And he said, Nay.

31Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of the LORD standing in the way, and his sword drawn in his hand: and he bowed down his head, and fell flat on his face.

32And the angel of the LORD said unto him, Wherefore hast thou smitten thine ass these three times? behold, I went out to withstand thee, because thy way is perverse before me:

33And the ass saw me, and turned from me these three times: unless she had turned from me, surely now also I had slain thee, and saved her alive.

34And Balaam said unto the angel of the LORD, I have sinned; for I knew not that thou stoodest in the way against me: now therefore, if it displease thee, I will get me back again.

35And the angel of the LORD said unto Balaam, Go with the men: but only the word that I shall speak unto thee, that thou shalt speak. So Balaam went with the princes of Balak.

36And when Balak heard that Balaam was come, he went out to meet him unto a city of Moab, which is in the border of Arnon, which is in the utmost coast.

37And Balak said unto Balaam, Did I not earnestly send unto thee to call thee? wherefore camest thou not unto me? am I not able indeed to promote thee to honour?

38And Balaam said unto Balak, Lo, I am come unto thee: have I now any power at all to say any thing? the word that God putteth in my mouth, that shall I speak.

39And Balaam went with Balak, and they came unto Kirjath-huzoth.

40And Balak offered oxen and sheep, and sent to Balaam, and to the princes that were with him.

41And it came to pass on the morrow, that Balak took Balaam, and brought him up into the high places of Baal, that thence he might see the utmost part of the people.

1And the children of Israel journeyed, and encamped in the plains of Moab beyond the Jordan at Jericho.

2And Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites.

3And Moab was sore afraid of the people, because they were many: and Moab was distressed because of the children of Israel.

4And Moab said unto the elders of Midian, Now will this multitude lick up all that is round about us, as the ox licketh up the grass of the field. And Balak the son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time.

5And he sent messengers unto Balaam the son of Beor, to Pethor, which is by the River, to the land of the children of his people, to call him, saying, Behold, there is a people come out from Egypt: behold, they cover the face of the earth, and they abide over against me.

6Come now therefore, I pray thee, curse me this people; for they are too mighty for me: peradventure I shall prevail, that we may smite them, and that I may drive them out of the land; for I know that he whom thou blessest is blessed, and he whom thou cursest is cursed.

7And the elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the rewards of divination in their hand; and they came unto Balaam, and spake unto him the words of Balak.

8And he said unto them, Lodge here this night, and I will bring you word again, as Jehovah shall speak unto me: and the princes of Moab abode with Balaam.

9And God came unto Balaam, and said, What men are these with thee?

10And Balaam said unto God, Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, hath sent unto me, [saying],

11Behold, the people that is come out of Egypt, it covereth the face of the earth: now, come curse me them; peradventure I shall be able to fight against them, and shall drive them out.

12And God said unto Balaam, Thou shalt not go with them; thou shalt not curse the people; for they are blessed.

13And Balaam rose up in the morning, and said unto the princes of Balak, Get you into your land; for Jehovah refuseth to give me leave to go with you.

14And the princes of Moab rose up, and they went unto Balak, and said, Balaam refuseth to come with us.

15And Balak sent yet again princes, more, and more honorable than they.

16And they came to Balaam, and said to him, Thus saith Balak the son of Zippor, Let nothing, I pray thee, hinder thee from coming unto me:

17for I will promote thee unto very great honor, and whatsoever thou sayest unto me I will do: come therefore, I pray thee, curse me this people.

18And Balaam answered and said unto the servants of Balak, If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the word of Jehovah my God, to do less or more.

19Now therefore, I pray you, tarry ye also here this night, that I may know what Jehovah will speak unto me more.

20And God came unto Balaam at night, and said unto him, If the men are come to call thee, rise up, go with them; but only the word which I speak unto thee, that shalt thou do.

21And Balaam rose up in the morning, and saddled his ass, and went with the princes of Moab.

22And God`s anger was kindled because he went; and the angel of Jehovah placed himself in the way for an adversary against him. Now he was riding upon his ass, and his two servants were with him.

23And the ass saw the angel of Jehovah standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and the ass turned aside out of the way, and went into the field: and Balaam smote the ass, to turn her into the way.

24Then the angel of Jehovah stood in a narrow path between the vineyards, a wall being on this side, and a wall on that side.

25And the ass saw the angel of Jehovah, and she thrust herself unto the wall, and crushed Balaam`s foot against the wall: and he smote her again.

26And the angel of Jehovah went further, and stood in a narrow place, where was no way to turn either to the right hand or to the left.

27And the ass saw the angel of Jehovah, and she lay down under Balaam: and Balaam`s anger was kindled, and he smote the ass with his staff.

28And Jehovah opened the mouth of the ass, and she said unto Balaam, What have I done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me these three times?

29And Balaam said unto the ass, Because thou hast mocked me, I would there were a sword in my hand, for now I had killed thee.

30And the ass said unto Balaam, Am not I thine ass, upon which thou hast ridden all thy life long unto this day? was I ever wont to do so unto thee? and he said, Nay.

31Then Jehovah opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the angel of Jehovah standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face.

32And the angel of Jehovah said unto him, Wherefore hast thou smitten thine ass these three times? behold, I am come forth for an adversary, because thy way is perverse before me:

33and the ass saw me, and turned aside before me these three times: unless she had turned aside from me, surely now I had even slain thee, and saved her alive.

34And Balaam said unto the angel of Jehovah, I have sinned; for I knew not that thou stoodest in the way against me: now therefore, if it displease thee, I will get me back again.

35And the angel of Jehovah said unto Balaam, Go with the men; but only the word that I shall speak unto thee, that thou shalt speak. So Balaam went with the princes of Balak.

36And when Balak heard that Balaam was come, he went out to meet him unto the City of Moab, which is on the border of the Arnon, which is in the utmost part of the border.

37And Balak said unto Balaam, Did I not earnestly send unto thee to call thee? wherefore camest thou not unto me? am I not able indeed to promote thee to honor?

38And Balaam said unto Balak, Lo, I am come unto thee: have I now any power at all to speak anything? the word that God putteth in my mouth, that shall I speak.

39And Balaam went with Balak, and they came unto Kiriath-huzoth.

40And Balak sacrificed oxen and sheep, and sent to Balaam, and to the princes that were with him.

41And it came to pass in the morning, that Balak took Balaam, and brought him up into the high places of Baal; and he saw from thence the utmost part of the people.

1The Israelites traveled on and camped in the rift valley plains of Moab on the side of the Jordan River across from Jericho.

2Balak son of Zippor saw all that the Israelites had done to the Amorites.

3And the Moabites were greatly afraid of the people, because they were so numerous. The Moabites were sick with fear because of the Israelites.

4So the Moabites said to the elders of Midian, “Now this mass of people will lick up everything around us, as the bull devours the grass of the field.” Now Balak son of Zippor was king of the Moabites at this time.

5And he sent messengers to Balaam son of Beor at Pethor, which is by the Euphrates River in the land of Amaw, to summon him, saying, “Look, a nation has come out of Egypt. They cover the face of the earth, and they are settling next to me.

6So now, please come and curse this nation for me, for they are too powerful for me. Perhaps I will prevail so that we may conquer them and drive them out of the land. For I know that whoever you bless is blessed, and whoever you curse is cursed.”

7So the elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the fee for divination in their hands. They came to Balaam and reported to him the words of Balak.

8He replied to them, “Stay here tonight, and I will bring back to you whatever word the Lord may speak to me.” So the princes of Moab stayed with Balaam.

9And God came to Balaam and said, “Who are these men with you?”

10Balaam said to God, “Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab, has sent a message to me, saying,

11‘Look, a nation has come out of Egypt, and it covers the face of the earth. Come now and put a curse on them for me; perhaps I will be able to defeat them and drive them out.’”

12But God said to Balaam, “You must not go with them; you must not curse the people, for they are blessed.”

13So Balaam got up in the morning, and said to the princes of Balak, “Go to your land, for the Lord has refused to permit me to go with you.”

14So the princes of Moab departed and went back to Balak and said, “Balaam refused to come with us.”

15Balak again sent princes, more numerous and more distinguished than the first.

16And they came to Balaam and said to him, “Thus says Balak son of Zippor: ‘Please do not let anything hinder you from coming to me.

17For I will honor you greatly, and whatever you tell me I will do. So come, put a curse on this nation for me.’”

18Balaam replied to the servants of Balak, “Even if Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold, I could not transgress the commandment of the Lord my God to do less or more.

19Now therefore, please stay the night here also, that I may know what more the Lord might say to me.”

20God came to Balaam that night, and said to him, “If the men have come to call you, get up and go with them, but the word that I will say to you, that you must do.”

21So Balaam got up in the morning, saddled his donkey, and went with the princes of Moab.

22Then God’s anger was kindled because he went, and the angel of the Lord stood in the road to oppose him. Now he was riding on his donkey and his two servants were with him.

23And the donkey saw the angel of the Lord standing in the road with his sword drawn in his hand, so the donkey turned aside from the road and went into the field. But Balaam beat the donkey, to make her turn back to the road.

24Then the angel of the Lord stood in a path among the vineyards, where there was a wall on either side.

25And when the donkey saw the angel of the Lord, she pressed herself into the wall, and crushed Balaam’s foot against the wall. So he beat her again.

26Then the angel of the Lord went farther, and stood in a narrow place, where there was no way to turn either to the right or to the left.

27When the donkey saw the angel of the Lord, she crouched down under Balaam. Then Balaam was angry, and he beat his donkey with a staff.

28Then the Lord opened the mouth of the donkey, and she said to Balaam, “What have I done to you that you have beaten me these three times?”

29And Balaam said to the donkey, “You have made me look stupid; I wish there were a sword in my hand, for I would kill you right now.”

30The donkey said to Balaam, “Am I not your donkey that you have ridden ever since I was yours until this day? Have I ever attempted to treat you this way?” And he said, “No.”

31Then the Lord opened Balaam’s eyes, and he saw the angel of the Lord standing in the way with his sword drawn in his hand; so he bowed his head and threw himself down with his face to the ground.

32The angel of the Lord said to him, “Why have you beaten your donkey these three times? Look, I came out to oppose you because what you are doing is perverse before me.

33The donkey saw me and turned from me these three times. If she had not turned from me, I would have killed you but saved her alive.”

34Balaam said to the angel of the Lord, “I have sinned, for I did not know that you stood against me in the road. So now, if it is evil in your sight, I will go back home.”

35But the angel of the Lord said to Balaam, “Go with the men, but you may only speak the word that I will speak to you.” So Balaam went with the princes of Balak.

36When Balak heard that Balaam was coming, he went out to meet him at a city of Moab that was on the border of the Arnon at the boundary of his territory.

37Balak said to Balaam, “Did I not send again and again to you to summon you? Why did you not come to me? Am I not able to honor you?”

38Balaam said to Balak, “Look, I have come to you. Now, am I able to speak just anything? I must speak only the word that God puts in my mouth.”

39So Balaam went with Balak, and they came to Kiriath Huzoth.

40And Balak sacrificed bulls and sheep, and sent some to Balaam, and to the princes who were with him.

41Then on the next morning Balak took Balaam, and brought him up to Bamoth Baal. From there he saw the extent of the nation.

1The children of Israel traveled, and encamped in the plains of Moab beyond the Jordan at Jericho.

2Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites.

3Moab was very afraid of the people, because they were many. Moab was distressed because of the children of Israel.

4Moab said to the elders of Midian, “Now this multitude will lick up all that is around us, as the ox licks up the grass of the field.” Balak the son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time.

5He sent messengers to Balaam the son of Beor, to Pethor, which is by the River, to the land of the children of his people, to call him, saying, “Behold, there is a people who came out of Egypt. Behold, they cover the surface of the earth, and they are staying opposite me.

6Please come now therefore curse me this people; for they are too mighty for me. Perhaps I shall prevail, that we may strike them, and that I may drive them out of the land; for I know that he whom you bless is blessed, and he whom you curse is cursed.”

7The elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the rewards of divination in their hand. They came to Balaam, and spoke to him the words of Balak.

8He said to them, “Lodge here this night, and I will bring you word again, as Yahweh shall speak to me.” The princes of Moab stayed with Balaam.

9God came to Balaam, and said, “Who are these men with you?”

10Balaam said to God, “Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, has said to me,

11‘Behold, the people that has come out of Egypt covers the surface of the earth. Now, come curse me them. Perhaps I shall be able to fight against them, and shall drive them out.’”

12God said to Balaam, “You shall not go with them. You shall not curse the people; for they are blessed.”

13Balaam rose up in the morning, and said to the princes of Balak, “Go to your land; for Yahweh refuses to permit me to go with you.”

14The princes of Moab rose up, and they went to Balak, and said, “Balaam refuses to come with us.”

15Balak again sent princes, more, and more honorable than they.

16They came to Balaam, and said to him, “Thus says Balak the son of Zippor, ‘Please let nothing hinder you from coming to me,

17for I will promote you to very great honor, and whatever you say to me I will do. Please come therefore, and curse this people for me.’”

18Balaam answered the servants of Balak, “If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I can’t go beyond the word of Yahweh my God, to do less or more.

19Now therefore please stay here tonight as well, that I may know what else Yahweh will speak to me.”

20God came to Balaam at night, and said to him, “If the men have come to call you, rise up, go with them; but only the word which I speak to you, that you shall do.”

21Balaam rose up in the morning, and saddled his donkey, and went with the princes of Moab.

22God’s anger burned because he went; and Yahweh’s angel placed himself in the way for an adversary against him. Now he was riding on his donkey, and his two servants were with him.

23The donkey saw Yahweh’s angel standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and the donkey turned out of the path, and went into the field. Balaam struck the donkey, to turn her into the path.

24Then Yahweh’s angel stood in a narrow path between the vineyards, a wall being on this side, and a wall on that side.

25The donkey saw Yahweh’s angel, and she thrust herself to the wall, and crushed Balaam’s foot against the wall. He struck her again.

26Yahweh’s angel went further, and stood in a narrow place, where there was no way to turn either to the right hand or to the left.

27The donkey saw Yahweh’s angel, and she lay down under Balaam. Balaam’s anger burned, and he struck the donkey with his staff.

28Yahweh opened the mouth of the donkey, and she said to Balaam, “What have I done to you, that you have struck me these three times?”

29Balaam said to the donkey, “Because you have mocked me, I wish there were a sword in my hand, for now I would have killed you.”

30The donkey said to Balaam, “Am I not your donkey, on which you have ridden all your life long until today? Was I ever in the habit of doing so to you?” He said, “No.”

31Then Yahweh opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw Yahweh’s angel standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face.

32Yahweh’s angel said to him, “Why have you struck your donkey these three times? Behold, I have come out as an adversary, because your way is perverse before me.

33The donkey saw me, and turned away before me these three times. Unless she had turned away from me, surely now I would have killed you, and saved her alive.”

34Balaam said to Yahweh’s angel, “I have sinned; for I didn’t know that you stood in the way against me. Now therefore, if it displeases you, I will go back again.”

35Yahweh’s angel said to Balaam, “Go with the men; but only the word that I shall speak to you, that you shall speak.” So Balaam went with the princes of Balak.

36When Balak heard that Balaam had come, he went out to meet him to the City of Moab, which is on the border of the Arnon, which is in the utmost part of the border.

37Balak said to Balaam, “Didn’t I earnestly send for you to summon you? Why didn’t you come to me? Am I not able indeed to promote you to honor?”

38Balaam said to Balak, “Behold, I have come to you. Have I now any power at all to speak anything? The word that God puts in my mouth, that shall I speak.”

39Balaam went with Balak, and they came to Kiriath Huzoth.

40Balak sacrificed cattle and sheep, and sent to Balaam, and to the princes who were with him.

41In the morning, Balak took Balaam, and brought him up into the high places of Baal; and he saw from there part of the people.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Balak hires Balaam to curse Israel; God confronts Balaam through his own donkey, which sees the angel of the Lord blocking the way.

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses. Numbers is the fourth book of the Pentateuch, written during the wilderness period (approximately 1445-1405 BC). Hebrew title: "Bemidbar" — "In the wilderness." The book records Israel's 38 years of wilderness wandering between Sinai and the Promised Land — a journey that should have taken 11 days (Deuteronomy 1:2) but took 40 years due to unbelief.
Historical Context: Chapters 22-24 form the Balaam narrative — one of the most remarkable episodes in the Old Testament. Israel has conquered Sihon and Og and now camps in the plains of Moab, directly across the Jordan from Jericho — on the doorstep of the Promised Land. Balak, king of Moab, is terrified. Unable to defeat Israel militarily, he turns to spiritual warfare: hiring Balaam, a renowned diviner from Pethor (near the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia), to curse Israel. Chapter 22 introduces the drama: Balak's summons, Balaam's negotiations with God, the famous episode of the talking donkey, and Balaam's arrival in Moab. Balaam is a complex figure — he knows the LORD's name, receives genuine revelation from God, and speaks truth — yet he is motivated by greed and later leads Israel into sexual sin and idolatry (Numbers 31:16; Revelation 2:14). He is a prophet for hire, a man who knows God's word but loves money more. The chapter reveals that no weapon formed against God's people can prosper — not even supernatural curses — because "they are blessed" (v.12).
Balak's Fear and First Summons (vv.1-7): Israel camps in the plains of Moab (v.1). Balak sees what Israel did to the Amorites and is terrified (vv.2-3). He allies with Midian (v.4) and sends messengers to Balaam at Pethor "by the river" (the Euphrates — approximately 400 miles away) with "the rewards of divination" (v.7). His request: "Curse me this people; for they are too mighty for me" (v.6). His belief: "he whom thou blessest is blessed, and he whom thou cursest is cursed" (v.6). Balak believes in the power of words/curses — but he does not know that Israel's blessing comes from God Himself and cannot be reversed by any human.
God's First Prohibition (vv.8-14): Balaam tells the messengers to stay the night while he consults the LORD (v.8). God comes to Balaam: "Thou shalt not go with them; thou shalt not curse the people: for they are blessed" (v.12). Clear, absolute, final. Balaam sends them away: "the LORD refuseth to give me leave" (v.13). Note: Balaam says "the LORD refuseth" — not "I refuse." His obedience is external, not internal.
Balak's Second Summons (vv.15-21): Balak sends more princes, more honorable, with greater promises: "I will promote thee unto very great honour" (v.17). Balaam's response sounds pious: "If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the word of the LORD my God" (v.18). But then: "tarry ye also here this night, that I may know what the LORD will say unto me MORE" (v.19). God already said no — why ask again? Balaam hopes God will change His mind. God permits him to go: "If the men come to call thee, rise up, and go with them; but yet the word which I shall say unto thee, that shalt thou do" (v.20). Permission, not approval.
The Donkey and the Angel (vv.22-35): "God's anger was kindled because he went" (v.22) — even though God permitted it. God saw Balaam's heart: he went hoping to find a way to curse for profit. The Angel of the LORD (a pre-incarnate appearance of Christ) stands in the road with drawn sword (v.22). The donkey sees the Angel three times and avoids him: (1) turns into a field — Balaam strikes her (v.23); (2) crushes Balaam's foot against a wall — he strikes again (v.25); (3) lies down — he strikes with his staff (v.27). God opens the donkey's mouth: "What have I done unto thee, that thou hast smitten me these three times?" (v.28). Balaam argues with the donkey without apparent surprise (v.29). Then God opens Balaam's eyes — he sees the Angel and falls on his face (v.31). The Angel: "thy way is perverse before me" (v.32). The donkey saved Balaam's life — "surely now also I had slain thee, and saved her alive" (v.33). Balaam confesses sin (v.34). The Angel permits him to continue but restricts his speech (v.35).
Balaam Meets Balak (vv.36-41): Balak meets Balaam at the border (v.36). Balaam warns: "Have I now any power at all to say any thing? the word that God putteth in my mouth, that shall I speak" (v.38). Balak brings Balaam to "the high places of Baal" to see Israel (v.41) — setting up the oracles of chapters 23-24.

Map & Geography

  • Plains of Moab: Israel is now camped east of the Jordan, opposite Jericho. Balak king of Moab sees them from above.
  • Pethor (v.5): Balaam's home, near the Euphrates River — a long journey east/north to summon a diviner.
  • Moab's territory: East of the Dead Sea, between the Arnon and the Zered.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes Balaam's divided heart: he knows God's word but loves money. His pious language ("I cannot go beyond the word of the LORD") masks a heart that desperately wants to find a loophole. He notes the irony of the donkey episode: the professional seer is blind; the dumb animal sees clearly. Spiritual gifts without spiritual character are dangerous.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "Balaam could not curse Israel — not because he did not want to, but because God would not let him. Here is comfort for every believer: your enemies may hire the most eloquent tongue, the most powerful sorcerer, the most cunning adversary — and they cannot curse what God has blessed. 'If God be for us, who can be against us?' (Romans 8:31). The donkey saw more than the prophet. Let that humble every man who thinks his gifts make him spiritual. A man may prophesy and perish. A man may speak God's word and love God's enemy. Balaam is the most terrifying figure in Scripture: a man who knew the truth and sold it for gold."

Reflection

  • 1. "They are blessed" (v.12). No curse can reverse what God has blessed. If you belong to God through Christ, no enemy — human or spiritual — can undo His blessing on your life. "If God be for us, who can be against us?" (Romans 8:31).
  • 2. Balaam's divided heart (vv.18-19). His words sound right: "I cannot go beyond the word of the LORD." But his heart wants the money. He asks God again, hoping for a different answer. Do you keep asking God to approve what He has already forbidden? Repeated asking after a clear "no" reveals the heart's true desire.
  • 3. The donkey saw what the prophet could not (vv.23-31). Spiritual gifts do not guarantee spiritual sight. A man can prophesy and be blind to God's opposition. Balaam had revelation but lacked discernment because his heart was corrupt. Character matters more than gifting.
  • 4. "Thy way is perverse before me" (v.32). God permitted Balaam to go — but was angry that he went. Permission is not approval. God sometimes allows us to pursue what He does not endorse, and the consequences reveal our hearts. Just because a door opens does not mean God is pleased with your walking through it.
  • 5. God uses even corrupt instruments (v.38). Balaam will speak God's word despite his corrupt motivation. God's sovereignty overrules human intention. This is both comforting (God's purposes cannot be thwarted) and sobering (being used by God does not mean you are approved by God).
  • 6. The "way of Balaam" (2 Peter 2:15). Knowing truth and selling it for profit. Using spiritual gifts for personal gain. Speaking God's word while loving God's enemy (money). This is the most dangerous spiritual condition: orthodoxy without integrity.