Numbers — Chapter 24

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1And when Balaam saw that it pleased the LORD to bless Israel, he went not, as at other times, to seek for enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness.

2And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel abiding in his tents according to their tribes; and the spirit of God came upon him.

3And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor hath said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said:

4He hath said, which heard the words of God, which saw the vision of the Almighty, falling into a trance, but having his eyes open:

5How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob, and thy tabernacles, O Israel!

6As the valleys are they spread forth, as gardens by the river’s side, as the trees of lign aloes which the LORD hath planted, and as cedar trees beside the waters.

7He shall pour the water out of his buckets, and his seed shall be in many waters, and his king shall be higher than Agag, and his kingdom shall be exalted.

8God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows.

9He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a great lion: who shall stir him up? Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee.

10And Balak’s anger was kindled against Balaam, and he smote his hands together: and Balak said unto Balaam, I called thee to curse mine enemies, and, behold, thou hast altogether blessed them these three times.

11Therefore now flee thou to thy place: I thought to promote thee unto great honour; but, lo, the LORD hath kept thee back from honour.

12And Balaam said unto Balak, Spake I not also to thy messengers which thou sentest unto me, saying,

13If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the LORD, to do either good or bad of mine own mind; but what the LORD saith, that will I speak?

14And now, behold, I go unto my people: come therefore, and I will advertise thee what this people shall do to thy people in the latter days.

15And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor hath said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said:

16He hath said, which heard the words of God, and knew the knowledge of the most High, which saw the vision of the Almighty, falling into a trance, but having his eyes open:

17I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigh: there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth.

18And Edom shall be a possession, Seir also shall be a possession for his enemies; and Israel shall do valiantly.

19Out of Jacob shall come he that shall have dominion, and shall destroy him that remaineth of the city.

20And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations; but his latter end shall be that he perish for ever.

21And he looked on the Kenites, and took up his parable, and said, Strong is thy dwellingplace, and thou puttest thy nest in a rock.

22Nevertheless the Kenite shall be wasted, until Asshur shall carry thee away captive.

23And he took up his parable, and said, Alas, who shall live when God doeth this!

24And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim, and shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber, and he also shall perish for ever.

25And Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place: and Balak also went his way.

1And when Balaam saw that it pleased Jehovah to bless Israel, he went not, as at the other times, to meet with enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness.

2And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling according to their tribes; and the Spirit of God came upon him.

3And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor saith, And the man whose eye was closed saith;

4He saith, who heareth the words of God, Who seeth the vision of the Almighty, Falling down, and having his eyes open:

5How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob, Thy tabernacles, O Israel!

6As valleys are they spread forth, As gardens by the river-side, As lign-aloes which Jehovah hath planted, As cedar-trees beside the waters.

7Water shall flow from his buckets, And his seed shall be in many waters, And his king shall be higher than Agag, And his kingdom shall be exalted.

8God bringeth him forth out of Egypt; He hath as it were the strength of the wild-ox: He shall eat up the nations his adversaries, And shall break their bones in pieces, And smite [them] through with his arrows.

9He couched, he lay down as a lion, And as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? Blessed be every one that blesseth thee, And cursed be every one that curseth thee.

10And Balak`s anger was kindled against Balaam, and he smote his hands together; and Balak said unto Balaam, I called thee to curse mine enemies, and, behold, thou hast altogether blessed them these three times.

11Therefore now flee thou to thy place: I thought to promote thee unto great honor; but, lo, Jehovah hath kept thee back from honor.

12And Balaam said unto Balak, Spake I not also to thy messengers that thou sentest unto me, saying,

13If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the word of Jehovah, to do either good or bad of mine own mind; what Jehovah speaketh, that will I speak?

14And now, behold, I go unto my people: come, [and] I will advertise thee what this people shall do to thy people in the latter days.

15And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor saith, And the man whose eye was closed saith;

16He saith, who heareth the words of God, And knoweth the knowledge of the Most High, Who seeth the vision of the Almighty, Falling down, and having his eyes open:

17I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not nigh: There shall come forth a star out of Jacob, And a sceptre shall rise out of Israel, And shall smite through the corners of Moab, And break down all the sons of tumult.

18And Edom shall be a possession, Seir also shall be a possession, [who were] his enemies; While Israel doeth valiantly.

19And out of Jacob shall one have dominion, And shall destroy the remnant from the city.

20And he looked on Amalek, and took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations; But his latter end shall come to destruction.

21And he looked on the Kenite, and took up his parable, and said, Strong is thy dwelling-place, And thy nest is set in the rock.

22Nevertheless Kain shall be wasted, Until Asshur shall carry thee away captive.

23And he took up his parable, and said, Alas, who shall live when God doeth this?

24But ships [shall come] from the coast of Kittim, And they shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber; And he also shall come to destruction.

25And Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place; and Balak also went his way.

1When Balaam saw that it pleased the Lord to bless Israel, he did not go as at the other times to seek for omens, but he set his face toward the wilderness.

2When Balaam lifted up his eyes, he saw Israel camped tribe by tribe; and the Spirit of God came upon him.

3Then he uttered this oracle: “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open,

4the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open:

5‘How beautiful are your tents, O Jacob, and your dwelling places, O Israel!

6They are like valleys stretched forth, like gardens by the river’s side, like aloes that the Lord has planted, and like cedar trees beside the waters.

7He will pour the water out of his buckets, and their descendants will be like abundant water; their king will be greater than Agag, and their kingdom will be exalted.

8God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a young bull; they will devour hostile people, and will break their bones, and will pierce them through with arrows.

9They crouch and lie down like a lion, and as a lioness, who can stir him? Blessed is the one who blesses you, and cursed is the one who curses you!’”

10Then Balak became very angry at Balaam, and he struck his hands together. Balak said to Balaam, “I called you to curse my enemies, and look, you have done nothing but bless them these three times!

11So now, go back where you came from! I said that I would greatly honor you, but now the Lord has stood in the way of your honor.”

12Balaam said to Balak, “Did I not also tell your messengers whom you sent to me,

13‘If Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the Lord to do either good or evil of my own will, but whatever the Lord tells me I must speak’?

14And now, I am about to go back to my own people. Come now, and I will advise you as to what this people will do to your people in future days.”

15Then he uttered this oracle: “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open,

16the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, and who knows the knowledge of the Most High, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open:

17‘I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not close at hand. A star will march forth out of Jacob, and a scepter will rise out of Israel. He will crush the skulls of Moab, and the heads of all the sons of Sheth.

18Edom will be a possession, Seir, his enemy, will also be a possession; but Israel will act valiantly.

19A ruler will be established from Jacob; he will destroy the remains of the city.’”

20Then Balaam looked on Amalek and delivered this oracle: “Amalek was the first of the nations, but his end will be that he will perish.”

21Then he looked on the Kenites and uttered this oracle: “Your dwelling place seems strong, and your nest is set on a rocky cliff.

22Nevertheless the Kenite will be consumed. How long will Asshur take you away captive?”

23Then he uttered this oracle: “O, who will survive when God does this!

24Ships will come from the coast of Kittim, and will afflict Asshur, and will afflict Eber, and he will also perish forever.”

25Balaam got up and departed and returned to his home, and Balak also went his way.

1When Balaam saw that it pleased Yahweh to bless Israel, he didn’t go, as at the other times, to meet with enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness.

2Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling according to their tribes; and the Spirit of God came on him.

3He took up his parable, and said, “Balaam the son of Beor says, the man whose eyes are open says;

4he says, who hears the words of God, who sees the vision of the Almighty, falling down, and having his eyes open:

5How goodly are your tents, Jacob, and your tents, Israel!

6As valleys they are spread out, as gardens by the riverside, as aloes which Yahweh has planted, as cedar trees beside the waters.

7Water shall flow from his buckets. His seed shall be in many waters. His king shall be higher than Agag. His kingdom shall be exalted.

8God brings him out of Egypt. He has as it were the strength of the wild ox. He shall eat up the nations his adversaries, shall break their bones in pieces, and pierce them with his arrows.

9He couched, he lay down as a lion, as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? Everyone who blesses you is blessed. Everyone who curses you is cursed.”

10Balak’s anger burned against Balaam, and he struck his hands together. Balak said to Balaam, “I called you to curse my enemies, and, behold, you have altogether blessed them these three times.

11Therefore, flee to your place, now! I thought to promote you to great honor; but, behold, Yahweh has kept you back from honor.”

12Balaam said to Balak, “Didn’t I also tell your messengers whom you sent to me, saying,

13‘If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I can’t go beyond Yahweh’s word, to do either good or bad from my own mind. I will say what Yahweh says’?

14Now, behold, I go to my people. Come, I will inform you what this people shall do to your people in the latter days.”

15He took up his parable, and said, “Balaam the son of Beor says, the man whose eyes are open says;

16he says, who hears the words of God, knows the knowledge of the Most High, and who sees the vision of the Almighty, Falling down, and having his eyes open:

17I see him, but not now. I see him, but not near. A star will come out of Jacob. A scepter will rise out of Israel, and shall strike through the corners of Moab, and break down all the sons of Sheth.

18Edom shall be a possession. Seir, his enemies, also shall be a possession, while Israel does valiantly.

19Out of Jacob shall one have dominion, and shall destroy the remnant from the city.”

20He looked at Amalek, and took up his parable, and said, “Amalek was the first of the nations, But his latter end shall come to destruction.”

21He looked at the Kenite, and took up his parable, and said, “Your dwelling place is strong. Your nest is set in the rock.

22Nevertheless Kain shall be wasted, until Asshur carries you away captive.”

23He took up his parable, and said, “Alas, who shall live when God does this?

24But ships shall come from the coast of Kittim. They shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber. He also shall come to destruction.”

25Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place; and Balak also went his way.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Reflection

Summary

Balaam delivers his final oracles, blessing Israel a third and fourth time and prophesying a star and scepter rising from Jacob.

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses. Numbers is the fourth book of the Pentateuch, written during the wilderness period (approximately 1445-1405 BC). Hebrew title: "Bemidbar" — "In the wilderness." The book records Israel's 38 years of wilderness wandering between Sinai and the Promised Land — a journey that should have taken 11 days (Deuteronomy 1:2) but took 40 years due to unbelief.
Historical Context: Chapter 24 contains Balaam's third and fourth oracles — the climax of the Balaam narrative. In the third oracle (vv.3-9), Balaam abandons his divination practices entirely and the Spirit of God comes upon him directly. He pronounces Israel's beauty, abundance, and military supremacy, culminating in a direct echo of the Abrahamic covenant: "Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee" (v.9). Balak is furious and dismisses Balaam. But before departing, Balaam delivers a fourth oracle (vv.15-24) — the most far-reaching and messianic of all: "There shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel" (v.17). This is one of the earliest and clearest messianic prophecies in the Pentateuch, pointing to a future King who will arise from Israel to exercise universal dominion. The Star and Sceptre imagery has been understood as referring to David in the near term and to Christ in the ultimate fulfillment. The chapter also contains brief oracles against Amalek, the Kenites, Asshur, and Eber (vv.20-24) — a panoramic sweep of future history. Balaam then departs — but not before later counseling Balak to seduce Israel through Moabite women (Numbers 31:16), revealing that his heart remained corrupt despite the true words God forced through his mouth.
Third Oracle: Israel's Beauty and Power (vv.1-9): A significant shift: Balaam "went not, as at other times, to seek for enchantments" (v.1) — he abandons divination and faces the wilderness directly. "The spirit of God came upon him" (v.2) — genuine divine inspiration, not occult manipulation. He introduces himself: "the man whose eyes are open... which heard the words of God, which saw the vision of the Almighty" (vv.3-4). The oracle: "How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob!" (v.5) — Israel's encampment is beautiful, orderly, blessed. Imagery of abundance: valleys, gardens, rivers, aloes, cedars (v.6). "His king shall be higher than Agag, and his kingdom shall be exalted" (v.7) — a future king greater than the Amalekite king (fulfilled in Saul's defeat of Agag, 1 Samuel 15). God's strength: "the strength of an unicorn [wild ox]" (v.8). Israel as a lion: "who shall stir him up?" (v.9). The climax echoes Genesis 12:3: "Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee" (v.9). Balak strikes his hands in fury (v.10) and dismisses Balaam (v.11).
Fourth Oracle: The Star and Sceptre (vv.14-19): Before departing, Balaam offers a final oracle — "what this people shall do to thy people in the latter days" (v.14). His introduction is expanded: he now "knew the knowledge of the most High" (v.16). The great prophecy: "I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigh" (v.17) — a future figure, distant in time. "There shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel" (v.17). The Star = a royal figure, a light, a guide. The Sceptre = a king, a ruler, sovereign authority. This figure will "smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth" (v.17). "Edom shall be a possession" (v.18). "Out of Jacob shall come he that shall have dominion" (v.19). Near fulfillment: David conquers Moab and Edom (2 Samuel 8:2, 14). Ultimate fulfillment: Christ, the Star of Bethlehem (Matthew 2:2), the King of kings who exercises universal dominion.
Oracles Against the Nations (vv.20-24): Amalek: "the first of the nations; but his latter end shall be that he perish for ever" (v.20) — Amalek was first to attack Israel (Exodus 17:8); they will be utterly destroyed (fulfilled under Saul and David, completed under Hezekiah; 1 Chronicles 4:43). The Kenites: "Strong is thy dwellingplace" but "shall be wasted, until Asshur shall carry thee away captive" (vv.21-22). A final oracle: "ships shall come from the coast of Chittim [Kittim], and shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber" (v.24) — a distant prophecy, possibly referring to Greek/Roman power from the west overwhelming Mesopotamian empires. "Alas, who shall live when God doeth this!" (v.23).
Balaam Departs (v.25): "Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place: and Balak also went his way" (v.25). Balaam leaves — but Numbers 31:16 reveals he later counseled Balak to use Moabite women to seduce Israel into idolatry (the sin of Baal-peor, chapter 25). He could not curse them with words, so he corrupted them with women. He dies by Israel's sword (Numbers 31:8).

Map & Geography

  • The top of Peor (continuing from ch. 23): Balaam looks down at Israel's camp on the plains of Moab arranged by tribes.
  • The "Star out of Jacob" prophecy (v.17) points to a future ruler from Israel who will crush Moab and Edom.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes verse 17 as one of the most important messianic prophecies in the Pentateuch. He notes that the Star and Sceptre imagery combines light (revelation, guidance) with authority (kingship, rule). The Magi in Matthew 2 may have known this prophecy — Balaam was from their region (Mesopotamia). He also notes the tragic irony: Balaam speaks the most beautiful prophecy of Christ but later leads Israel into the worst sin of the wilderness period.
  • Charles Spurgeon: "'A Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre out of Israel.' Here is Christ in the wilderness, prophesied by a man who will not follow Him. The Star shines in the darkness — and the darkness comprehends it not. Balaam sees the Star from afar: 'I shall see him, but not now; I shall behold him, but not nigh.' He sees the future King but will not bow to Him. He prophesies the Sceptre but will not submit to its rule. How many see Christ clearly and perish! How many speak of Him eloquently and are lost! It is not seeing the Star that saves — it is following it. It is not knowing the Sceptre that redeems — it is bowing to it."

Reflection

  • 1. "A Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre out of Israel" (v.17). The Messiah is both Star (light, beauty, guidance) and Sceptre (authority, rule, judgment). Christ is not merely a gentle guide — He is a sovereign King. Have you submitted to His sceptre, or only admired His star?
  • 2. "I shall see him, but not now" (v.17). Balaam sees the Messiah from afar — across centuries — but will never know Him personally. You can see Christ clearly in prophecy and theology and still miss Him relationally. Head knowledge without heart surrender is Balaam's tragedy.
  • 3. "Blessed is he that blesseth thee" (v.9). How you treat God's people determines how God treats you. This principle runs from Genesis 12:3 through all of history. Bless what God blesses; do not curse what God has declared blessed.
  • 4. Balaam abandons enchantments (v.1). When he stops manipulating and simply faces God, the Spirit comes. Sometimes our spiritual techniques and formulas are obstacles to genuine encounter. Stop performing and simply turn your face toward God.
  • 5. "How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob!" (v.5). God sees beauty in His people that they cannot see in themselves. Israel is a wilderness camp of complaining, rebellious people — and God calls them "goodly." He sees you through covenant eyes, not through the lens of your failures.
  • 6. Balaam's tragedy (v.25). He speaks the most beautiful prophecy of Christ — then goes home and counsels Israel's destruction through sexual sin (31:16). A man can have the clearest theology and the most corrupt heart. Truth in the mouth without truth in the life is the most dangerous spiritual condition. Balaam dies by the sword of the very people he blessed (31:8).