Numbers — Chapter 24

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1And when Balaam saw that it pleased the LORD to bless Israel, he did not seek omens as on previous occasions, but he turned his face toward the wilderness.

2When Balaam looked up and saw Israel encamped tribe by tribe, the Spirit of God came upon him,

3and he lifted up an oracle, saying: “This is the prophecy of Balaam son of Beor, the prophecy of a man whose eyes are open,

4the prophecy of one who hears the words of God, who sees a vision from the Almighty, who bows down with eyes wide open:

5How lovely are your tents, O Jacob, your dwellings, O Israel!

6They spread out like palm groves, like gardens beside a stream, like aloes the LORD has planted, like cedars beside the waters.

7Water will flow from his buckets, and his seed will have abundant water. His king will be greater than Agag, and his kingdom will be exalted.

8God brought him out of Egypt with strength like a wild ox, to devour hostile nations and crush their bones, to pierce them with arrows.

9He crouches, he lies down like a lion, like a lioness—who dares to rouse him? Blessed are those who bless you and cursed are those who curse you.”

10Then Balak’s anger burned against Balaam, and he struck his hands together and said to Balaam, “I summoned you to curse my enemies, but behold, you have persisted in blessing them these three times.

11Therefore, flee at once to your home! I said I would reward you richly, but instead the LORD has denied your reward.”

12Balaam answered Balak, “Did I not already tell the messengers you sent me

13that even if Balak were to give me his house full of silver and gold, I could not do anything of my own accord, good or bad, to go beyond the command of the LORD? I must speak whatever the LORD says.

14Now I am going back to my people, but come, let me warn you what this people will do to your people in the days to come.”

15Then Balaam lifted up an oracle, saying, “This is the prophecy of Balaam son of Beor, the prophecy of a man whose eyes are open,

16the prophecy of one who hears the words of God, who has knowledge from the Most High, who sees a vision from the Almighty, who bows down with eyes wide open:

17I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not near. A star will come forth from Jacob, and a scepter will arise from Israel. He will crush the skulls of Moab and strike down all the sons of Sheth.

18Edom will become a possession, as will Seir, his enemy; but Israel will perform with valor.

19A ruler will come from Jacob and destroy the survivors of the city.”

20Then Balaam saw Amalek and lifted up an oracle, saying: “Amalek was first among the nations, but his end is destruction.”

21Next he saw the Kenites and lifted up an oracle, saying: “Your dwelling place is secure, and your nest is set in a cliff.

22Yet Kain will be destroyed when Asshur takes you captive.”

23Once more Balaam lifted up an oracle, saying: “Ah, who can live unless God has ordained it?

24Ships will come from the coasts of Cyprus; they will subdue Asshur and Eber, but they too will perish forever.”

25Then Balaam arose and returned to his homeland, and Balak also went on his way.

1And when Balaam saw that it pleased the LORD to bless Israel, he went not, as at other times, to seek for enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness.

2And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel abiding in his tents according to their tribes; and the spirit of God came upon him.

3And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor hath said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said:

4He hath said, which heard the words of God, which saw the vision of the Almighty, falling into a trance, but having his eyes open:

5How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob, and thy tabernacles, O Israel!

6As the valleys are they spread forth, as gardens by the river’s side, as the trees of lign aloes which the LORD hath planted, and as cedar trees beside the waters.

7He shall pour the water out of his buckets, and his seed shall be in many waters, and his king shall be higher than Agag, and his kingdom shall be exalted.

8God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows.

9He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a great lion: who shall stir him up? Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee.

10And Balak’s anger was kindled against Balaam, and he smote his hands together: and Balak said unto Balaam, I called thee to curse mine enemies, and, behold, thou hast altogether blessed them these three times.

11Therefore now flee thou to thy place: I thought to promote thee unto great honour; but, lo, the LORD hath kept thee back from honour.

12And Balaam said unto Balak, Spake I not also to thy messengers which thou sentest unto me, saying,

13If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the LORD, to do either good or bad of mine own mind; but what the LORD saith, that will I speak?

14And now, behold, I go unto my people: come therefore, and I will advertise thee what this people shall do to thy people in the latter days.

15And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor hath said, and the man whose eyes are open hath said:

16He hath said, which heard the words of God, and knew the knowledge of the most High, which saw the vision of the Almighty, falling into a trance, but having his eyes open:

17I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigh: there shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel, and shall smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth.

18And Edom shall be a possession, Seir also shall be a possession for his enemies; and Israel shall do valiantly.

19Out of Jacob shall come he that shall have dominion, and shall destroy him that remaineth of the city.

20And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations; but his latter end shall be that he perish for ever.

21And he looked on the Kenites, and took up his parable, and said, Strong is thy dwellingplace, and thou puttest thy nest in a rock.

22Nevertheless the Kenite shall be wasted, until Asshur shall carry thee away captive.

23And he took up his parable, and said, Alas, who shall live when God doeth this!

24And ships shall come from the coast of Chittim, and shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber, and he also shall perish for ever.

25And Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place: and Balak also went his way.

1And when Balaam saw that it pleased Jehovah to bless Israel, he went not, as at the other times, to meet with enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness.

2And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling according to their tribes; and the Spirit of God came upon him.

3And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor saith, And the man whose eye was closed saith;

4He saith, who heareth the words of God, Who seeth the vision of the Almighty, Falling down, and having his eyes open:

5How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob, Thy tabernacles, O Israel!

6As valleys are they spread forth, As gardens by the river-side, As lign-aloes which Jehovah hath planted, As cedar-trees beside the waters.

7Water shall flow from his buckets, And his seed shall be in many waters, And his king shall be higher than Agag, And his kingdom shall be exalted.

8God bringeth him forth out of Egypt; He hath as it were the strength of the wild-ox: He shall eat up the nations his adversaries, And shall break their bones in pieces, And smite [them] through with his arrows.

9He couched, he lay down as a lion, And as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? Blessed be every one that blesseth thee, And cursed be every one that curseth thee.

10And Balak`s anger was kindled against Balaam, and he smote his hands together; and Balak said unto Balaam, I called thee to curse mine enemies, and, behold, thou hast altogether blessed them these three times.

11Therefore now flee thou to thy place: I thought to promote thee unto great honor; but, lo, Jehovah hath kept thee back from honor.

12And Balaam said unto Balak, Spake I not also to thy messengers that thou sentest unto me, saying,

13If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the word of Jehovah, to do either good or bad of mine own mind; what Jehovah speaketh, that will I speak?

14And now, behold, I go unto my people: come, [and] I will advertise thee what this people shall do to thy people in the latter days.

15And he took up his parable, and said, Balaam the son of Beor saith, And the man whose eye was closed saith;

16He saith, who heareth the words of God, And knoweth the knowledge of the Most High, Who seeth the vision of the Almighty, Falling down, and having his eyes open:

17I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not nigh: There shall come forth a star out of Jacob, And a sceptre shall rise out of Israel, And shall smite through the corners of Moab, And break down all the sons of tumult.

18And Edom shall be a possession, Seir also shall be a possession, [who were] his enemies; While Israel doeth valiantly.

19And out of Jacob shall one have dominion, And shall destroy the remnant from the city.

20And he looked on Amalek, and took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations; But his latter end shall come to destruction.

21And he looked on the Kenite, and took up his parable, and said, Strong is thy dwelling-place, And thy nest is set in the rock.

22Nevertheless Kain shall be wasted, Until Asshur shall carry thee away captive.

23And he took up his parable, and said, Alas, who shall live when God doeth this?

24But ships [shall come] from the coast of Kittim, And they shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber; And he also shall come to destruction.

25And Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place; and Balak also went his way.

1When Balaam saw that it pleased the Lord to bless Israel, he did not go as at the other times to seek for omens, but he set his face toward the wilderness.

2When Balaam lifted up his eyes, he saw Israel camped tribe by tribe; and the Spirit of God came upon him.

3Then he uttered this oracle: “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open,

4the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open:

5‘How beautiful are your tents, O Jacob, and your dwelling places, O Israel!

6They are like valleys stretched forth, like gardens by the river’s side, like aloes that the Lord has planted, and like cedar trees beside the waters.

7He will pour the water out of his buckets, and their descendants will be like abundant water; their king will be greater than Agag, and their kingdom will be exalted.

8God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a young bull; they will devour hostile people, and will break their bones, and will pierce them through with arrows.

9They crouch and lie down like a lion, and as a lioness, who can stir him? Blessed is the one who blesses you, and cursed is the one who curses you!’”

10Then Balak became very angry at Balaam, and he struck his hands together. Balak said to Balaam, “I called you to curse my enemies, and look, you have done nothing but bless them these three times!

11So now, go back where you came from! I said that I would greatly honor you, but now the Lord has stood in the way of your honor.”

12Balaam said to Balak, “Did I not also tell your messengers whom you sent to me,

13‘If Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the Lord to do either good or evil of my own will, but whatever the Lord tells me I must speak’?

14And now, I am about to go back to my own people. Come now, and I will advise you as to what this people will do to your people in future days.”

15Then he uttered this oracle: “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open,

16the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, and who knows the knowledge of the Most High, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open:

17‘I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not close at hand. A star will march forth out of Jacob, and a scepter will rise out of Israel. He will crush the skulls of Moab, and the heads of all the sons of Sheth.

18Edom will be a possession, Seir, his enemy, will also be a possession; but Israel will act valiantly.

19A ruler will be established from Jacob; he will destroy the remains of the city.’”

20Then Balaam looked on Amalek and delivered this oracle: “Amalek was the first of the nations, but his end will be that he will perish.”

21Then he looked on the Kenites and uttered this oracle: “Your dwelling place seems strong, and your nest is set on a rocky cliff.

22Nevertheless the Kenite will be consumed. How long will Asshur take you away captive?”

23Then he uttered this oracle: “O, who will survive when God does this!

24Ships will come from the coast of Kittim, and will afflict Asshur, and will afflict Eber, and he will also perish forever.”

25Balaam got up and departed and returned to his home, and Balak also went his way.

1When Balaam saw that it pleased Yahweh to bless Israel, he didn’t go, as at the other times, to meet with enchantments, but he set his face toward the wilderness.

2Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel dwelling according to their tribes; and the Spirit of God came on him.

3He took up his parable, and said, “Balaam the son of Beor says, the man whose eyes are open says;

4he says, who hears the words of God, who sees the vision of the Almighty, falling down, and having his eyes open:

5How goodly are your tents, Jacob, and your tents, Israel!

6As valleys they are spread out, as gardens by the riverside, as aloes which Yahweh has planted, as cedar trees beside the waters.

7Water shall flow from his buckets. His seed shall be in many waters. His king shall be higher than Agag. His kingdom shall be exalted.

8God brings him out of Egypt. He has as it were the strength of the wild ox. He shall eat up the nations his adversaries, shall break their bones in pieces, and pierce them with his arrows.

9He couched, he lay down as a lion, as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? Everyone who blesses you is blessed. Everyone who curses you is cursed.”

10Balak’s anger burned against Balaam, and he struck his hands together. Balak said to Balaam, “I called you to curse my enemies, and, behold, you have altogether blessed them these three times.

11Therefore, flee to your place, now! I thought to promote you to great honor; but, behold, Yahweh has kept you back from honor.”

12Balaam said to Balak, “Didn’t I also tell your messengers whom you sent to me, saying,

13‘If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I can’t go beyond Yahweh’s word, to do either good or bad from my own mind. I will say what Yahweh says’?

14Now, behold, I go to my people. Come, I will inform you what this people shall do to your people in the latter days.”

15He took up his parable, and said, “Balaam the son of Beor says, the man whose eyes are open says;

16he says, who hears the words of God, knows the knowledge of the Most High, and who sees the vision of the Almighty, Falling down, and having his eyes open:

17I see him, but not now. I see him, but not near. A star will come out of Jacob. A scepter will rise out of Israel, and shall strike through the corners of Moab, and break down all the sons of Sheth.

18Edom shall be a possession. Seir, his enemies, also shall be a possession, while Israel does valiantly.

19Out of Jacob shall one have dominion, and shall destroy the remnant from the city.”

20He looked at Amalek, and took up his parable, and said, “Amalek was the first of the nations, But his latter end shall come to destruction.”

21He looked at the Kenite, and took up his parable, and said, “Your dwelling place is strong. Your nest is set in the rock.

22Nevertheless Kain shall be wasted, until Asshur carries you away captive.”

23He took up his parable, and said, “Alas, who shall live when God does this?

24But ships shall come from the coast of Kittim. They shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber. He also shall come to destruction.”

25Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place; and Balak also went his way.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

Balaam, now certain that it pleases the Lord to bless Israel, no longer resorts to omens but simply looks out over the encamped tribes as the Spirit of God comes upon him (vv. 1-2). His third oracle praises the beauty and strength of Israel's encampment and pronounces blessing on those who bless Israel and a curse on those who curse them (vv. 3-9). Enraged, Balak dismisses Balaam without payment, but before leaving, Balaam delivers a fourth oracle describing a star that will come out of Jacob and a scepter that will rise out of Israel, a distant prophecy pointing toward a future ruler who will overcome Israel's enemies (vv. 10-19). Balaam closes with additional oracles concerning Amalek and other neighboring peoples before he and Balak go their separate ways (vv. 20-25).

Authorship & Background

Author: Moses. Numbers is the fourth book of the Pentateuch, written during the wilderness period (approximately 1445-1405 BC). Hebrew title: "Bemidbar" — "In the wilderness." The book records Israel's 38 years of wilderness wandering between Sinai and the Promised Land — a journey that should have taken 11 days (Deuteronomy 1:2) but took 40 years due to unbelief.
Historical Context: Chapter 24 contains Balaam's third and fourth oracles — the climax of the Balaam narrative. In the third oracle (vv.3-9), Balaam abandons his divination practices entirely and the Spirit of God comes upon him directly. He pronounces Israel's beauty, abundance, and military supremacy, culminating in a direct echo of the Abrahamic covenant: "Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee" (v.9). Balak is furious and dismisses Balaam. But before departing, Balaam delivers a fourth oracle (vv.15-24) — the most far-reaching and messianic of all: "There shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel" (v.17). This is one of the earliest and clearest messianic prophecies in the Pentateuch, pointing to a future King who will arise from Israel to exercise universal dominion. The Star and Sceptre imagery has been understood as referring to David in the near term and to Christ in the ultimate fulfillment. The chapter also contains brief oracles against Amalek, the Kenites, Asshur, and Eber (vv.20-24) — a panoramic sweep of future history. Balaam then departs — but not before later counseling Balak to seduce Israel through Moabite women (Numbers 31:16), revealing that his heart remained corrupt despite the true words God forced through his mouth.
Classification: Historical Narrative
Key Themes: divination abandoned entirely as the Spirit of God comes upon Balaam directly for his third oracle, an oracle that pronounces Israel's own encampment beautiful before repeating the Abrahamic promise nearly word for word, a furious king dismissing the very prophet he paid, a final oracle offered unpaid that reaches past the immediate moment to a star out of Jacob and a sceptre out of Israel, and a prophet who departs having failed to curse Israel by word while already turning, unseen, toward the seduction chapter twenty-five will describe
Third Oracle: Israel's Beauty and Power (vv.1-9): A significant shift: Balaam "went not, as at other times, to seek for enchantments" (v.1) — he abandons divination and faces the wilderness directly. "The spirit of God came upon him" (v.2) — genuine divine inspiration, not occult manipulation. He introduces himself: "the man whose eyes are open... which heard the words of God, which saw the vision of the Almighty" (vv.3-4). The oracle: "How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob!" (v.5) — Israel's encampment is beautiful, orderly, blessed. Imagery of abundance: valleys, gardens, rivers, aloes, cedars (v.6). "His king shall be higher than Agag, and his kingdom shall be exalted" (v.7) — a future king greater than the Amalekite king (fulfilled in Saul's defeat of Agag, 1 Samuel 15). God's strength: "the strength of an unicorn [wild ox]" (v.8). Israel as a lion: "who shall stir him up?" (v.9). The climax echoes Genesis 12:3: "Blessed is he that blesseth thee, and cursed is he that curseth thee" (v.9). Balak strikes his hands in fury (v.10) and dismisses Balaam (v.11).
Balak's Fury and Balaam's Answer (vv.10-13): Balak's anger was kindled, and he smote his hands together. Three times now he has paid for a curse and been given a blessing. Therefore now flee thou to thy place, I thought to promote thee unto great honour, but, lo, the LORD hath kept thee back from honour. Balaam's reply is the one thing he has been consistent about from the beginning: if Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the LORD, to do either good or bad. He says it as though it settles the matter, and chapter 31 records what he did next.
Fourth Oracle: The Star and Sceptre (vv.14-19): Before departing, Balaam offers a final oracle — "what this people shall do to thy people in the latter days" (v.14). His introduction is expanded: he now "knew the knowledge of the most High" (v.16). The great prophecy: "I shall see him, but not now: I shall behold him, but not nigh" (v.17) — a future figure, distant in time. "There shall come a Star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel" (v.17). The Star = a royal figure, a light, a guide. The Sceptre = a king, a ruler, sovereign authority. This figure will "smite the corners of Moab, and destroy all the children of Sheth" (v.17). "Edom shall be a possession" (v.18). "Out of Jacob shall come he that shall have dominion" (v.19). Near fulfillment: David conquers Moab and Edom (2 Samuel 8:2, 14). Ultimate fulfillment: Christ, the Star of Bethlehem (Matthew 2:2), the King of kings who exercises universal dominion.
Oracles Against the Nations (vv.20-24): Amalek: "the first of the nations; but his latter end shall be that he perish for ever" (v.20) — Amalek was first to attack Israel (Exodus 17:8); they will be utterly destroyed (fulfilled under Saul and David, completed under Hezekiah; 1 Chronicles 4:43). The Kenites: "Strong is thy dwellingplace" but "shall be wasted, until Asshur shall carry thee away captive" (vv.21-22). A final oracle: "ships shall come from the coast of Chittim [Kittim], and shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber" (v.24) — a distant prophecy, possibly referring to Greek/Roman power from the west overwhelming Mesopotamian empires. "Alas, who shall live when God doeth this!" (v.23).
Balaam Departs (v.25): "Balaam rose up, and went and returned to his place: and Balak also went his way" (v.25). Balaam leaves — but Numbers 31:16 reveals he later counseled Balak to use Moabite women to seduce Israel into idolatry (the sin of Baal-peor, chapter 25). He could not curse them with words, so he corrupted them with women. He dies by Israel's sword (Numbers 31:8).

Map & Geography

  • The top of Peor (continuing from ch. 23): Balaam looks down at Israel's camp on the plains of Moab arranged by tribes.
  • The "Star out of Jacob" prophecy (v.17) points to a future ruler from Israel who will crush Moab and Edom.

Places on this map

  • Moabwest-central JordanThe plateau east of the Dead Sea, cut off from Israel by the rift valley and from Ammon by the Arnon gorge. High enough to farm grain, which is why Naomi's family went there in a famine. Wikipedia
  • Edomsouthern JordanThe red sandstone highlands south-east of the Dead Sea, holding the King's Highway and later Petra. Settlements sat behind cliffs and narrow gorges, which is the pride Obadiah addresses when he speaks to those who dwell in the clefts of the rock. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Guzik emphasizes verse 17 as one of the most important messianic prophecies in the Pentateuch. He notes that the Star and Sceptre imagery combines light (revelation, guidance) with authority (kingship, rule). The Magi in Matthew 2 may have known this prophecy — Balaam was from their region (Mesopotamia). He also notes the tragic irony: Balaam speaks the most beautiful prophecy of Christ but later leads Israel into the worst sin of the wilderness period.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Balaam: The Madness of the Prophet – Numbers 22-25
David Guzik

Numbers 22-24 | Balaam | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Jesus, Star & Scepter | Numbers 24:15-17
David Guzik

Articles

  • BibleProject: bibleproject.com On the whole book: what the census lists and wilderness years are doing in Scripture.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of the book of Numbers -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Abandoning Manipulation for Genuine Encounter (v.1) — Balaam stops seeking omens through divination and simply faces the wilderness, and only then does the Spirit of God come upon him directly. Do your spiritual routines ever become a substitute for genuinely turning your face toward God?
  • Beauty God Sees That We Cannot (v.5) — Balaam calls Israel's tents "goodly" even though they are a camp of complaining, rebellious people. Do you believe God sees you through the lens of covenant love rather than through your failures?
  • Blessing Tied to How You Treat God's People (v.9) — Balaam echoes the promise that those who bless Israel will be blessed and those who curse them will be cursed. Does how you treat God's people reflect an awareness that it shapes how God treats you?
  • The Star and the Scepter (v.17) — Balaam's prophecy of a coming ruler combines the imagery of a guiding light with the authority of a king, ultimately pointing to Christ. Have you only admired Christ from a distance, or have you actually submitted to His rule over your life?
  • Truth in the Mouth, Corruption in the Heart (v.25) — Balaam speaks the most beautiful prophecy of the coming Messiah, then goes on to counsel Israel's enemies toward their destruction. Can you have clear theology while your heart remains far from God, and how would you know if that were true of you?