Psalms — Chapter 44

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1For the choirmaster. A Maskil of the sons of Korah. We have heard with our ears, O God; our fathers have told us the work You did in their days, in the days of old.

2With Your hand You drove out the nations and planted our fathers there; You crushed the peoples and cast them out.

3For it was not by their sword that they took the land; their arm did not bring them victory. It was by Your right hand, Your arm, and the light of Your face, because You favored them.

4You are my King, O God, who ordains victories for Jacob.

5Through You we repel our foes; through Your name we trample our enemies.

6For I do not trust in my bow, nor does my sword save me.

7For You save us from our enemies; You put those who hate us to shame.

8In God we have boasted all day long, and Your name we will praise forever. Selah

9But You have rejected and humbled us; You no longer go forth with our armies.

10You have made us retreat from the foe, and those who hate us have plundered us.

11You have given us up as sheep to be devoured; You have scattered us among the nations.

12You sell Your people for nothing; no profit do You gain from their sale.

13You have made us a reproach to our neighbors, a mockery and derision to those around us.

14You have made us a byword among the nations, a laughingstock among the peoples.

15All day long my disgrace is before me, and shame has covered my face,

16at the voice of the scorner and reviler, because of the enemy, bent on revenge.

17All this has come upon us, though we have not forgotten You or betrayed Your covenant.

18Our hearts have not turned back; our steps have not strayed from Your path.

19But You have crushed us in the lair of jackals; You have covered us with deepest darkness.

20If we had forgotten the name of our God or spread out our hands to a foreign god,

21would not God have discovered, since He knows the secrets of the heart?

22Yet for Your sake we face death all day long; we are considered as sheep to be slaughtered.

23Wake up, O Lord! Why are You sleeping? Arise! Do not reject us forever.

24Why do You hide Your face and forget our affliction and oppression?

25For our soul has sunk to the dust; our bodies cling to the earth.

26Rise up; be our help! Redeem us on account of Your loving devotion.

1We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us, what work thou didst in their days, in the times of old.

2How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them; how thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out.

3For they got not the land in possession by their own sword, neither did their own arm save them: but thy right hand, and thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, because thou hadst a favour unto them.

4Thou art my King, O God: command deliverances for Jacob.

5Through thee will we push down our enemies: through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us.

6For I will not trust in my bow, neither shall my sword save me.

7But thou hast saved us from our enemies, and hast put them to shame that hated us.

8In God we boast all the day long, and praise thy name for ever. Selah.

9But thou hast cast off, and put us to shame; and goest not forth with our armies.

10Thou makest us to turn back from the enemy: and they which hate us spoil for themselves.

11Thou hast given us like sheep appointed for meat; and hast scattered us among the heathen.

12Thou sellest thy people for nought, and dost not increase thy wealth by their price.

13Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbours, a scorn and a derision to them that are round about us.

14Thou makest us a byword among the heathen, a shaking of the head among the people.

15My confusion is continually before me, and the shame of my face hath covered me,

16For the voice of him that reproacheth and blasphemeth; by reason of the enemy and avenger.

17All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten thee, neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant.

18Our heart is not turned back, neither have our steps declined from thy way;

19Though thou hast sore broken us in the place of dragons, and covered us with the shadow of death.

20If we have forgotten the name of our God, or stretched out our hands to a strange god;

21Shall not God search this out? for he knoweth the secrets of the heart.

22Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; we are counted as sheep for the slaughter.

23Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord? arise, cast us not off for ever.

24Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and forgettest our affliction and our oppression?

25For our soul is bowed down to the dust: our belly cleaveth unto the earth.

26Arise for our help, and redeem us for thy mercies’ sake.

1We have heard with our ears, O God, Our fathers have told us, What work thou didst in their days, In the days of old.

2Thou didst drive out the nations with thy hand; But them thou didst plant: Thou didst afflict the peoples; But them thou didst spread abroad.

3For they gat not the land in possession by their own sword, Neither did their own arm save them; But thy right hand, and thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, Because thou wast favorable unto them.

4Thou art my King, O God: Command deliverance for Jacob.

5Through thee will we push down our adversaries: Through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us.

6For I will not trust in my bow, Neither shall my sword save me.

7But thou hast saved us from our adversaries, And hast put them to shame that hate us.

8In God have we made our boast all the day long, And we will give thanks unto thy name for ever. Selah

9But now thou hast cast [us] off, and brought us to dishonor, And goest not forth with our hosts.

10Thou makest us to turn back from the adversary; And they that hate us take spoil for themselves.

11Thou hast made us like sheep [appointed] for food, And hast scattered us among the nations.

12Thou sellest thy people for nought, And hast not increased [thy wealth] by their price.

13Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, A scoffing and a derision to them that are round about us.

14Thou makest us a byword among the nations, A shaking of the head among the peoples.

15All the day long is my dishonor before me, And the shame of my face hath covered me,

16For the voice of him that reproacheth and blasphemeth, By reason of the enemy and the avenger.

17All this is come upon us; Yet have we not forgotten thee, Neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant.

18Our heart is not turned back, Neither have our steps declined from thy way,

19That thou hast sore broken us in the place of jackals, And covered us with the shadow of death.

20If we have forgotten the name of our God, Or spread forth our hands to a strange god;

21Will not God search this out? For he knoweth the secrets of the heart.

22Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; We are accounted as sheep for the slaughter.

23Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord? Arise, cast [us] not off for ever.

24Wherefore hidest thou thy face, And forgettest our affliction and our oppression?

25For our soul is bowed down to the dust: Our body cleaveth unto the earth.

26Rise up for our help, And redeem us for thy lovingkindness` sake. Psalm 45 For the Chief Musician; set to Shoshannim. [A Psalm] of the sons of Korah. Maschil. A Song of loves.

1For the music director, by the Korahites; a well-written song. O God, we have clearly heard; our ancestors have told us what you did in their days, in ancient times.

2You, by your power, defeated nations and settled our fathers on their land; you crushed the people living there and enabled our ancestors to occupy it.

3For they did not conquer the land by their swords, and they did not prevail by their strength, but rather by your power, strength, and good favor, for you were partial to them.

4You are my king, O God. Decree Jacob’s deliverance.

5By your power we will drive back our enemies; by your strength we will trample down our foes.

6For I do not trust in my bow, and I do not prevail by my sword.

7For you deliver us from our enemies; you humiliate those who hate us.

8In God we boast all day long, and we will continually give thanks to your name. (Selah)

9But you rejected and embarrassed us. You did not go into battle with our armies.

10You made us retreat from the enemy. Those who hate us take whatever they want from us.

11You handed us over like sheep to be eaten; you scattered us among the nations.

12You sold your people for a pittance; you did not ask a high price for them.

13You made us an object of disdain to our neighbors; those who live on our borders taunt and insult us.

14You made us an object of ridicule among the nations; foreigners treat us with contempt.

15All day long I feel humiliated and am overwhelmed with shame,

16before the vindictive enemy who ridicules and insults me.

17All this has happened to us, even though we have not rejected you or violated your covenant with us.

18We have not been unfaithful, nor have we disobeyed your commands.

19Yet you have battered us, leaving us a heap of ruins overrun by wild dogs; you have covered us with darkness.

20If we had rejected our God, and spread out our hands in prayer to another god,

21would not God discover it, for he knows a person’s secret thoughts?

22Yet because of you we are killed all day long; we are treated like sheep at the slaughtering block.

23Rouse yourself! Why do you sleep, O Lord? Wake up! Do not reject us forever.

24Why do you look the other way, and ignore the way we are oppressed and mistreated?

25For we lie in the dirt, with our bellies pressed to the ground.

26Rise up and help us. Rescue us because of your loyal love.

1We have heard with our ears, God; our fathers have told us, what work you did in their days, in the days of old.

2You drove out the nations with your hand, but you planted them. You afflicted the peoples, but you spread them abroad.

3For they didn’t get the land in possession by their own sword, neither did their own arm save them; but your right hand, and your arm, and the light of your face, because you were favorable to them.

4You are my King, God. Command victories for Jacob!

5Through you, will we push down our adversaries. Through your name, will we tread them under who rise up against us.

6For I will not trust in my bow, neither shall my sword save me.

7But you have saved us from our adversaries, and have shamed those who hate us.

8In God we have made our boast all day long, we will give thanks to your name forever. Selah.

9But now you rejected us, and brought us to dishonor, and don’t go out with our armies.

10You make us turn back from the adversary. Those who hate us take plunder for themselves.

11You have made us like sheep for food, and have scattered us among the nations.

12You sell your people for nothing, and have gained nothing from their sale.

13You make us a reproach to our neighbors, a scoffing and a derision to those who are around us.

14You make us a byword among the nations, a shaking of the head among the peoples.

15All day long my dishonor is before me, and shame covers my face,

16At the taunt of one who reproaches and verbally abuses, because of the enemy and the avenger.

17All this has come on us, yet have we not forgotten you, Neither have we been false to your covenant.

18Our heart has not turned back, neither have our steps strayed from your path,

19Though you have crushed us in the haunt of jackals, and covered us with the shadow of death.

20If we have forgotten the name of our God, or spread out our hands to a strange god;

21won’t God search this out? For he knows the secrets of the heart.

22Yes, for your sake we are killed all day long. We are regarded as sheep for the slaughter.

23Wake up! Why do you sleep, Lord? Arise! Don’t reject us forever.

24Why do you hide your face, and forget our affliction and our oppression?

25For our soul is bowed down to the dust. Our body clings to the earth.

26Rise up to help us. Redeem us for your loving kindness’ sake.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

A communal lament in which the people recall God's past deliverance while struggling to understand present defeat. They recount stories heard from their ancestors of how God drove out nations and planted Israel in the land, not by their own sword but by God's power and favor (vv. 1-3), and affirm that their boast is always in God rather than their own weapons (vv. 4-8). Yet the psalm turns to describe a bitter reversal: God has now rejected and humbled them, allowing them to be defeated and scattered among the nations, an object of scorn (vv. 9-16). The people insist that this suffering has come despite their faithfulness to the covenant and without turning from God, describing themselves as sheep destined for slaughter (vv. 17-22). The psalm closes with an urgent plea for God to wake up, stop hiding his face, and redeem them because of his steadfast love (vv. 23-26).

Authorship & Background

Author: Multiple authors — primarily David (73 psalms attributed), plus Asaph (12), Sons of Korah (11), Solomon (2), Moses (1), Heman (1), Ethan (1), and anonymous. The Psalter was compiled over approximately 1000 years and served as Israel's hymnal and prayer book. The book is divided into five 'books' (1-41, 42-72, 73-89, 90-106, 107-150), paralleling the five books of Moses.
Classification: Communal Lament
Attributed Author: Sons of Korah (To the chief Musician for the sons of Korah, Maschil)
Key Themes: National suffering, innocent suffering, faithfulness despite defeat, bold appeal to God, martyrdom
Historical Context: Psalm 44 is one of the most theologically challenging psalms in the Psalter — a communal lament in which the nation protests its suffering despite covenant faithfulness. Unlike psalms where suffering is attributed to sin (e.g., Psalm 38), here the people explicitly claim innocence: "All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten thee, neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant" (v. 17). This creates a profound theological tension — the righteous suffering without apparent cause.
We Have Heard with Our Ears (vv.1-3): We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us, what work thou didst in their days. The psalm opens with inherited testimony rather than personal experience, which is the position the whole poem argues from. And the conquest is described with the credit carefully assigned, they got not the land in possession by their own sword, but thy right hand, and thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, because thou hadst a favour unto them.
Through Thee Will We Push Down Our Enemies (vv.4-8): Thou art my King, O God, command deliverances for Jacob. Then the confession that makes the next section a genuine difficulty, for I will not trust in my bow, neither shall my sword save me. The congregation states that it has done exactly what the psalter recommends, and in God we boast all the day long, and praise thy name for ever.
Thou Hast Cast Us Off (vv.9-16): But thou hast cast off, and put us to shame, and goest not forth with our armies. Eight verses of military disaster described as God's own doing, and the verbs are all second person: thou makest us to turn back, thou hast given us like sheep appointed for meat, thou hast scattered us among the heathen, thou sellest thy people for nought. And the humiliation is measured in reputation, thou makest us a byword among the heathen, a shaking of the head among the people.
All This Is Come upon Us, Yet Have We Not Forgotten Thee (vv.17-22): All this is come upon us, yet have we not forgotten thee, neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant. This is the section that makes the psalm unusual: it denies the standard explanation. Most national laments confess sin, and this one refuses to, our heart is not turned back, neither have our steps declined from thy way. And verse 22 is quoted by Paul in Romans 8:36 in the middle of his argument that nothing separates us from the love of Christ, for thy sake are we killed all the day long, we are counted as sheep for the slaughter. He quotes it as a description of the situation, not as a problem to be solved.
Awake, Why Sleepest Thou (vv.23-26): Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord, arise, cast us not off for ever. The boldness of addressing God as asleep is not softened anywhere in the psalm, and Isaiah 51:9 uses the same imperative. The complaint is put once more as a question about attention, wherefore hidest thou thy face, and forgettest our affliction. And the psalm ends with no answer given and no reason offered, only a request and a ground for it that has nothing to do with deserving, arise for our help, and redeem us for thy mercies' sake.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Psalm 44 | Do not Reject Us | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Psalm 44 - Accounted as Sheep to the Slaughter
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of Psalms -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Remembering What God Has Done Before (vv.1-3) — The community opens by recounting the victories their ancestors experienced only by God's hand, not their own strength. When the present looks bleak, does recalling God's past faithfulness actually strengthen your hope, or do you skip that step?
  • Honest Complaint Before God (vv.9-16) — The people don't soften their words — they tell God plainly that it feels like He has rejected and abandoned them. Do you give yourself permission to bring raw, unfiltered complaint to God, or do you feel you have to sound more polished than that?
  • Suffering Without a Clear Reason (v.17) — Unlike psalms where suffering follows sin, here the people insist they have stayed faithful to the covenant even while suffering. Have you faced hardship that didn't fit a tidy explanation, and how did that affect your trust in God?
  • Suffering "For Your Sake" (v.22) — The psalm names suffering that comes specifically because of faithfulness to God, a verse Paul later quotes to describe being more than conquerors. Have you counted the cost of faithfulness that might actually invite hardship rather than prevent it?
  • A Bold Plea for God to Act (v.23) — The psalm closes with the community urgently calling on God to wake up and not forget them. Are you comfortable bringing that same urgency and boldness to God when you feel He's silent?