Psalms — Chapter 139

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1For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. O LORD, You have searched me and known me.

2You know when I sit and when I rise; You understand my thoughts from afar.

3You search out my path and my lying down; You are aware of all my ways.

4Even before a word is on my tongue, You know all about it, O LORD.

5You hem me in behind and before; You have laid Your hand upon me.

6Such knowledge is too wonderful for me, too lofty for me to attain.

7Where can I go to escape Your Spirit? Where can I flee from Your presence?

8If I ascend to the heavens, You are there; if I make my bed in Sheol, You are there.

9If I rise on the wings of the dawn, if I settle by the farthest sea,

10even there Your hand will guide me; Your right hand will hold me fast.

11If I say, “Surely the darkness will hide me, and the light become night around me”—

12even the darkness is not dark to You, but the night shines like the day, for darkness is as light to You.

13For You formed my inmost being; You knit me together in my mother’s womb.

14I praise You, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Marvelous are Your works, and I know this very well.

15My frame was not hidden from You when I was made in secret, when I was woven together in the depths of the earth.

16Your eyes saw my unformed body; all my days were written in Your book and ordained for me before one of them came to be.

17How precious to me are Your thoughts, O God, how vast is their sum!

18If I were to count them, they would outnumber the grains of sand; and when I awake, I am still with You.

19O God, that You would slay the wicked—away from me, you bloodthirsty men—

20who speak of You deceitfully; Your enemies take Your name in vain.

21Do I not hate those who hate You, O LORD, and detest those who rise against You?

22I hate them with perfect hatred; I count them as my enemies.

23Search me, O God, and know my heart; test me and know my concerns.

24See if there is any offensive way in me; lead me in the way everlasting.

1O LORD, thou hast searched me, and known me.

2Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off.

3Thou compassest my path and my lying down, and art acquainted with all my ways.

4For there is not a word in my tongue, but, lo, O LORD, thou knowest it altogether.

5Thou hast beset me behind and before, and laid thine hand upon me.

6Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot attain unto it.

7Whither shall I go from thy spirit? or whither shall I flee from thy presence?

8If I ascend up into heaven, thou art there: if I make my bed in hell, behold, thou art there.

9If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea;

10Even there shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me.

11If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night shall be light about me.

12Yea, the darkness hideth not from thee; but the night shineth as the day: the darkness and the light are both alike to thee.

13For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my mother’s womb.

14I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well.

15My substance was not hid from thee, when I was made in secret, and curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the earth.

16Thine eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were fashioned, when as yet there was none of them.

17How precious also are thy thoughts unto me, O God! how great is the sum of them!

18If I should count them, they are more in number than the sand: when I awake, I am still with thee.

19Surely thou wilt slay the wicked, O God: depart from me therefore, ye bloody men.

20For they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain.

21Do not I hate them, O LORD, that hate thee? and am not I grieved with those that rise up against thee?

22I hate them with perfect hatred: I count them mine enemies.

23Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts:

24And see if there be any wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting.

1O Jehovah, thou hast searched me, and known [me].

2Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising; Thou understandest my thought afar off.

3Thou searchest out my path and my lying down, And art acquainted with all my ways.

4For there is not a word in my tongue, But, lo, O Jehovah, thou knowest it altogether.

5Thou hast beset me behind and before, And laid thy hand upon me.

6[Such] knowledge is too wonderful for me; It is high, I cannot attain unto it.

7Whither shall I go from thy Spirit? Or whither shall I flee from thy presence?

8If I ascend up into heaven, thou art there: If I make my bed in Sheol, behold, thou art there.

9If I take the wings of the morning, And dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea;

10Even there shall thy hand lead me, And thy right hand shall hold me.

11If I say, Surely the darkness shall overwhelm me, And the light about me shall be night;

12Even the darkness hideth not from thee, But the night shineth as the day: The darkness and the light are both alike [to thee].

13For thou didst form my inward parts: Thou didst cover me in my mother`s womb.

14I will give thanks unto thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: Wonderful are thy works; And that my soul knoweth right well.

15My frame was not hidden from thee, When I was made in secret, [And] curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the earth.

16Thine eyes did see mine unformed substance; And in thy book they were all written, [Even] the days that were ordained [for me], When as yet there was none of them.

17How precious also are thy thoughts unto me, O God! How great is the sum of them!

18If I should count them, they are more in number than the sand: When I awake, I am still with thee.

19Surely thou wilt slay the wicked, O God: Depart from me therefore, ye bloodthirsty men.

20For they speak against thee wickedly, And thine enemies take [thy name] in vain.

21Do not I hate them, O Jehovah, that hate thee? And am not I grieved with those that rise up against thee?

22I hate them with perfect hatred: They are become mine enemies.

23Search me, O God, and know my heart: Try me, and know my thoughts;

24And see if there be any wicked way in me, And lead me in the way everlasting. Psalm 140 For the Chief Musician. A Psalm of David.

1For the music director, a psalm of David. O Lord, you examine me and know me.

2You know when I sit down and when I get up; even from far away you understand my motives.

3You carefully observe me when I travel or when I lie down to rest; you are aware of everything I do.

4Certainly my tongue does not frame a word without you, O Lord, being thoroughly aware of it.

5You squeeze me in from behind and in front; you place your hand on me.

6Your knowledge is beyond my comprehension; it is so far beyond me, I am unable to fathom it.

7Where can I go to escape your Spirit? Where can I flee to escape your presence?

8If I were to ascend to heaven, you would be there. If I were to sprawl out in Sheol, there you would be.

9If I were to fly away on the wings of the dawn and settle down on the other side of the sea,

10even there your hand would guide me, your right hand would grab hold of me.

11If I were to say, “Certainly the darkness will cover me, and the light will turn to night all around me,”

12even the darkness is not too dark for you to see, and the night is as bright as day; darkness and light are the same to you.

13Certainly you made my mind and heart; you wove me together in my mother’s womb.

14I will give you thanks because your deeds are awesome and amazing. You knew me thoroughly;

15my bones were not hidden from you, when I was made in secret and sewed together in the depths of the earth.

16Your eyes saw me when I was inside the womb. All the days ordained for me were recorded in your scroll before one of them came into existence.

17How difficult it is for me to fathom your thoughts about me, O God! How vast is their sum total.

18If I tried to count them, they would outnumber the grains of sand. Even if I finished counting them, I would still have to contend with you.

19If only you would kill the wicked, O God! Get away from me, you violent men!

20They rebel against you and act deceitfully; your enemies lie.

21O Lord, do I not hate those who hate you and despise those who oppose you?

22I absolutely hate them; they have become my enemies.

23Examine me, O God, and probe my thoughts. Test me, and know my concerns.

24See if there is any idolatrous way in me, and lead me in the everlasting way.

1Yahweh, you have searched me, and you know me.

2You know my sitting down and my rising up. You perceive my thoughts from afar.

3You search out my path and my lying down, and are acquainted with all my ways.

4For there is not a word on my tongue, but, behold, Yahweh, you know it altogether.

5You hem me in behind and before. You laid your hand on me.

6This knowledge is beyond me. It’s lofty. I can’t attain it.

7Where could I go from your Spirit? Or where could I flee from your presence?

8If I ascend up into heaven, you are there. If I make my bed in Sheol, behold, you are there!

9If I take the wings of the dawn, and settle in the uttermost parts of the sea;

10Even there your hand will lead me, and your right hand will hold me.

11If I say, “Surely the darkness will overwhelm me; the light around me will be night”;

12even the darkness doesn’t hide from you, but the night shines as the day. The darkness is like light to you.

13For you formed my inmost being. You knit me together in my mother’s womb.

14I will give thanks to you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Your works are wonderful. My soul knows that very well.

15My frame wasn’t hidden from you, when I was made in secret, woven together in the depths of the earth.

16Your eyes saw my body. In your book they were all written, the days that were ordained for me, when as yet there were none of them.

17How precious to me are your thoughts, God! How vast is their sum!

18If I would count them, they are more in number than the sand. When I wake up, I am still with you.

19If only you, God, would kill the wicked. Get away from me, you bloodthirsty men!

20For they speak against you wickedly. Your enemies take your name in vain.

21Yahweh, don’t I hate those who hate you? Am I not grieved with those who rise up against you?

22I hate them with perfect hatred. They have become my enemies.

23Search me, God, and know my heart. Try me, and know my thoughts.

24See if there is any wicked way in me, and lead me in the everlasting way.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

David marvels that the LORD has searched him and knows him completely — his sitting, rising, and every thought before he speaks it (vv. 1-6). He reflects on God's inescapable presence, noting there is nowhere he could flee, whether to the heavens, the depths, or the far side of the sea, where God's hand would still lead him (vv. 7-12). He praises God for forming him in his mother's womb, calling himself fearfully and wonderfully made, with every one of his days written in God's book before they began (vv. 13-18). After voicing his hatred for those who oppose God (vv. 19-22), he closes by inviting God to search his own heart and lead him in the way everlasting (vv. 23-24).

Authorship & Background

Author: Multiple authors — primarily David (73 psalms attributed), plus Asaph (12), Sons of Korah (11), Solomon (2), Moses (1), Heman (1), Ethan (1), and anonymous. The Psalter was compiled over approximately 1000 years and served as Israel's hymnal and prayer book. The book is divided into five 'books' (1-41, 42-72, 73-89, 90-106, 107-150), paralleling the five books of Moses.
Classification: Hymn of Praise / Wisdom Psalm
Attributed Author: David (superscription: "To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David")
Key Themes: God's omniscience (all-knowing), omnipresence (everywhere), creation of human life in the womb, the inescapability of God, being fully known and fully loved, invitation for God to search the heart
Historical Context: Psalm 139 is one of the most theologically rich and personally intimate psalms in the Bible. It addresses three divine attributes — omniscience (vv.1-6), omnipresence (vv.7-12), and sovereign creative power (vv.13-18) — not as abstract theology but as intensely personal realities. David doesn't discuss God's knowledge generally; he says "Thou hast searched me." This psalm has been called the most complete expression of the individual's relationship to God in the Old Testament. The imprecatory section (vv.19-22) has puzzled some, but it flows logically: the God who knows David so intimately also sees the wicked, and David aligns himself with God's purposes. The psalm then returns full circle to the opening theme: "Search me" (v.23).
Thou Hast Searched Me, and Known Me (vv.1-6): O LORD, thou hast searched me, and known me. The psalm opens with the fact and spends six verses on how thorough it is, and the examples chosen are deliberately ordinary, my downsitting and mine uprising, my path and my lying down. Speech is covered before it happens, for there is not a word in my tongue, but, lo, O LORD, thou knowest it altogether. Thou hast beset me behind and before, where beset is a siege word and the being known is not yet obviously comfortable. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot attain unto it.
Whither Shall I Go from Thy Spirit (vv.7-12): Whither shall I go from thy spirit? or whither shall I flee from thy presence? The question is asked as a man looking for an exit, and the psalm then closes every one. Height and depth first, if I ascend up into heaven, thou art there: if I make my bed in hell, behold, thou art there, where hell is Sheol, the place of the dead. Then distance, if I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea, and the answer changes tone, even there shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me, so what began as pursuit is described as escort. Last, darkness, and the psalm dismisses it in one line, the darkness and the light are both alike to thee.
Fearfully and Wonderfully Made (vv.13-18): For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my mother's womb. The psalm's answer to the inescapability of God is not resignation but the reason for it, which is that he was there first. I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. My substance was not hid from thee, when I was made in secret, and curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the earth, where curiously wrought is the word used of embroidery. Then verse 16, thine eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were fashioned, when as yet there was none of them. These verses are the ones most often cited in arguments about the unborn, and they do say that God attended to a person before that person existed to be seen. It is worth being clear what the psalm is doing with them: the subject under discussion is God's knowledge of this particular man, and the womb is produced as the earliest available proof of it rather than as a definition of when life begins. The verses will bear the weight put on them more steadily if that is kept in view. How precious also are thy thoughts unto me, O God, and they are counted like sand, and the section ends in the morning, when I awake, I am still with thee.
I Hate Them with Perfect Hatred (vv.19-22): Surely thou wilt slay the wicked, O God: depart from me therefore, ye bloody men. The turn is abrupt and many readers find it spoils the psalm, arriving four verses after the sand and the waking. The ground given is not personal injury, for they speak against thee wickedly, and thine enemies take thy name in vain, and the questions that follow ask whether hating God's enemies is not the right response, do not I hate them, O LORD, that hate thee. I hate them with perfect hatred, where perfect is the word for complete or whole, so the claim is of an undivided attitude rather than an intense one. Whether that claim is one a reader should make is a real question, and the psalm's own next two verses suggest the writer was not certain either.
Search Me, O God, and Know My Heart (vv.23-24): Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts. This is the same verb the psalm opened with, and the difference is everything: verse 1 reported that the searching had happened, and verse 23 asks for it. Between them stand the four verses of hatred, which is very likely why the request is made. And see if there be any wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting. Having just described his enemies' way, the writer asks whether he is on it, and the psalm ends with that question open rather than answered.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Better Than We Know Ourselves - Psalm 139:1-2, 6
David Guzik

Psalm 139 - Praise and Prayer to the God Who Knows All and Is Everywhere
David Guzik

The Ever-Present God: Psalm 139
David Guzik

Psalm 139 | Known and Loved Completely | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of Psalms -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Fully Known (vv.1-6) — God knows every thought, word, and movement before David acts on them, a knowledge David calls too wonderful to grasp. Does being fully known by God feel more like exposure or like relief to you?
  • Nowhere to Hide, Nowhere You're Alone (vv.7-12) — Whether in the heights of heaven or the depths of the grave, David finds God already there, even darkness is not dark to Him. In your loneliest moments, do you actually believe God is present, or does it just feel like empty theology?
  • Fearfully and Wonderfully Made (vv.13-16) — God formed David in the womb and wrote out the days of his life before any of them existed. Do you extend that same value to your own body and story, or do you quietly believe you were an accident?
  • Thoughts Beyond Counting (vv.17-18) — David marvels that God's thoughts toward him outnumber the grains of sand, an idea he still can't fully grasp even when he wakes. What would change if you woke up believing God's thoughts toward you were that abundant and that kind?
  • Inviting God to Search Your Heart (vv.23-24) — The psalm ends with David asking God to search him, know his anxious thoughts, and lead him in the way everlasting. Are you willing to invite that same searching, or do you keep certain rooms of your heart closed off even from God?