Psalms — Chapter 40

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1For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. I waited patiently for the LORD; He inclined to me and heard my cry.

2He lifted me up from the pit of despair, out of the miry clay; He set my feet upon a rock, and made my footsteps firm.

3He put a new song in my mouth, a hymn of praise to our God. Many will see and fear and put their trust in the LORD.

4Blessed is the man who has made the LORD his trust, who has not turned to the proud, nor to those who lapse into falsehood.

5Many, O LORD my God, are the wonders You have done, and the plans You have for us—none can compare to You—if I proclaim and declare them, they are more than I can count.

6Sacrifice and offering You did not desire, but my ears You have opened. Burnt offerings and sin offerings You did not require.

7Then I said, “Here I am, I have come—it is written about me in the scroll:

8I delight to do Your will, O my God; Your law is within my heart.”

9I proclaim righteousness in the great assembly; behold, I do not seal my lips, as You, O LORD, do know.

10I have not covered up Your righteousness in my heart; I have declared Your faithfulness and salvation; I have not concealed Your loving devotion and faithfulness from the great assembly.

11O LORD, do not withhold Your mercy from me; Your loving devotion and faithfulness will always guard me.

12For evils without number surround me; my sins have overtaken me, so that I cannot see. They are more than the hairs of my head, and my heart has failed within me.

13Be pleased, O LORD, to deliver me; hurry, O LORD, to help me.

14May those who seek my life be ashamed and confounded; may those who wish me harm be repelled and humiliated.

15May those who say to me, “Aha, aha!” be appalled at their own shame.

16May all who seek You rejoice and be glad in You; may those who love Your salvation always say, “The LORD be magnified!”

17But I am poor and needy; may the Lord think of me. You are my helper and deliverer; O my God, do not delay.

1I waited patiently for the LORD; and he inclined unto me, and heard my cry.

2He brought me up also out of an horrible pit, out of the miry clay, and set my feet upon a rock, and established my goings.

3And he hath put a new song in my mouth, even praise unto our God: many shall see it, and fear, and shall trust in the LORD.

4Blessed is that man that maketh the LORD his trust, and respecteth not the proud, nor such as turn aside to lies.

5Many, O LORD my God, are thy wonderful works which thou hast done, and thy thoughts which are to us-ward: they cannot be reckoned up in order unto thee: if I would declare and speak of them, they are more than can be numbered.

6Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire; mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required.

7Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me,

8I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart.

9I have preached righteousness in the great congregation: lo, I have not refrained my lips, O LORD, thou knowest.

10I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart; I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation: I have not concealed thy lovingkindness and thy truth from the great congregation.

11Withhold not thou thy tender mercies from me, O LORD: let thy lovingkindness and thy truth continually preserve me.

12For innumerable evils have compassed me about: mine iniquities have taken hold upon me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of mine head: therefore my heart faileth me.

13Be pleased, O LORD, to deliver me: O LORD, make haste to help me.

14Let them be ashamed and confounded together that seek after my soul to destroy it; let them be driven backward and put to shame that wish me evil.

15Let them be desolate for a reward of their shame that say unto me, Aha, aha.

16Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee: let such as love thy salvation say continually, The LORD be magnified.

17But I am poor and needy; yet the Lord thinketh upon me: thou art my help and my deliverer; make no tarrying, O my God.

1I waited patiently for Jehovah; And he inclined unto me, and heard my cry.

2He brought me up also out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay; And he set my feet upon a rock, and established my goings.

3And he hath put a new song in my mouth, even praise unto our God: Many shall see it, and fear, And shall trust in Jehovah.

4Blessed is the man that maketh Jehovah his trust, And respecteth not the proud, nor such as turn aside to lies.

5Many, O Jehovah my God, are the wonderful works which thou hast done, And thy thoughts which are to us-ward; They cannot be set in order unto thee; If I would declare and speak of them, They are more than can be numbered.

6Sacrifice and offering thou hast no delight in; Mine ears hast thou opened: Burnt-offering and sin-offering hast thou not required.

7Then said I, Lo, I am come; In the roll of the book it is written of me:

8I delight to do thy will, O my God; Yea, thy law is within my heart.

9I have proclaimed glad tidings of righteousness in the great assembly; Lo, I will not refrain my lips, O Jehovah, thou knowest.

10I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart; I have declared thy faithfulness and thy salvation; I have not concealed thy lovingkindness and thy truth from the great assembly.

11Withhold not thou thy tender mercies from me, O Jehovah; Let thy lovingkindness and thy truth continually preserve me.

12For innumerable evils have compassed me about; Mine iniquities have overtaken me, so that I am not able to look up; They are more than the hairs of my head; And my heart hath failed me.

13Be pleased, O Jehovah, to deliver me: Make haste to help me, O Jehovah.

14Let them be put to shame and confounded together That seek after my soul to destroy it: Let them be turned backward and brought to dishonor That delight in my hurt.

15Let them be desolate by reason of their shame That say unto me, Aha, aha.

16Let all those that seek thee rejoice and be glad in thee: Let such as love thy salvation say continually, Jehovah be magnified.

17But I am poor and needy; [Yet] the Lord thinketh upon me: Thou art my help and my deliverer; Make no tarrying, O my God. Psalm 41 For the Chief Musician. A Psalm of David.

1For the music director, a psalm of David. I relied completely on the Lord, and he turned toward me and heard my cry for help.

2He lifted me out of the watery pit, out of the slimy mud. He placed my feet on a rock and gave me secure footing.

3He gave me reason to sing a new song, praising our God. May many see what God has done, so that they might swear allegiance to him and trust in the Lord.

4How blessed is the one who trusts in the Lord and does not seek help from the proud or from liars.

5O Lord, my God, you have accomplished many things; you have done amazing things and carried out your purposes for us. No one can thwart you. I want to declare your deeds and talk about them, but they are too numerous to recount.

6Receiving sacrifices and offerings are not your primary concern. You make that quite clear to me. You do not ask for burnt sacrifices and sin offerings.

7Then I say, “Look, I come! What is written in the scroll pertains to me.

8I want to do what pleases you, my God. Your law dominates my thoughts.”

9I have told the great assembly about your justice. Look, I spare no words. O Lord, you know this is true.

10I have not failed to tell about your justice; I spoke about your reliability and deliverance. I have not neglected to tell the great assembly about your loyal love and faithfulness.

11O Lord, you do not withhold your compassion from me. May your loyal love and faithfulness continually protect me!

12For innumerable dangers surround me. My sins overtake me so I am unable to see; they outnumber the hairs of my head so my strength fails me.

13Please be willing, O Lord, to rescue me! O Lord, hurry and help me!

14May those who are trying to snatch away my life be totally embarrassed and ashamed. May those who want to harm me be turned back and ashamed.

15May those who say to me, “Aha! Aha!” be humiliated and disgraced.

16May all those who seek you be happy and rejoice in you. May those who love to experience your deliverance say continually, “May the Lord be praised!”

17I am oppressed and needy. May the Lord pay attention to me. You are my helper and my deliverer. O my God, do not delay.

1I waited patiently for Yahweh. He turned to me, and heard my cry.

2He brought me up also out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay. He set my feet on a rock, and gave me a firm place to stand.

3He has put a new song in my mouth, even praise to our God. Many shall see it, and fear, and shall trust in Yahweh.

4Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust, and doesn’t respect the proud, nor such as turn away to lies.

5Many, Yahweh, my God, are the wonderful works which you have done, and your thoughts which are toward us. They can’t be declared back to you. If I would declare and speak of them, they are more than can be counted.

6Sacrifice and offering you didn’t desire. You have opened my ears. You have not required burnt offering and sin offering.

7Then I said, “Behold, I have come. It is written about me in the book in the scroll.

8I delight to do your will, my God. Yes, your law is within my heart.”

9I have proclaimed glad news of righteousness in the great assembly. Behold, I will not seal my lips, Yahweh, you know.

10I have not hidden your righteousness within my heart. I have declared your faithfulness and your salvation. I have not concealed your loving kindness and your truth from the great assembly.

11Don’t withhold your tender mercies from me, Yahweh. Let your loving kindness and your truth continually preserve me.

12For innumerable evils have surrounded me. My iniquities have overtaken me, so that I am not able to look up. They are more than the hairs of my head. My heart has failed me.

13Be pleased, Yahweh, to deliver me. Hurry to help me, Yahweh.

14Let them be disappointed and confounded together who seek after my soul to destroy it. Let them be turned backward and brought to dishonor who delight in my hurt.

15Let them be desolate by reason of their shame that tell me, “Aha! Aha!”

16Let all those who seek you rejoice and be glad in you. Let such as love your salvation say continually, “Let Yahweh be exalted!”

17But I am poor and needy. May the Lord think about me. You are my help and my deliverer. Don’t delay, my God.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

A psalm combining thanksgiving with a later plea for help. David describes waiting patiently for the LORD, who lifted him out of a pit of destruction and set his feet on solid rock, putting a new song of praise in his mouth (vv. 1-3). Rather than sacrifice, God desires an open, obedient ear, and David responds that he has come to do God's will, since God's instruction is written on his heart, and he has proclaimed God's righteousness openly in the assembly (vv. 6-10). He then turns to present trouble, describing evils that surround him, more numerous than he can count, so that his courage fails, and pleads urgently for God's help (vv. 11-13). He asks for the shame of his enemies but joy for those who seek God, and describes himself as poor and needy, trusting that the LORD takes thought for him and asking him not to delay (vv. 14-17).

Authorship & Background

Author: Multiple authors — primarily David (73 psalms attributed), plus Asaph (12), Sons of Korah (11), Solomon (2), Moses (1), Heman (1), Ethan (1), and anonymous. The Psalter was compiled over approximately 1000 years and served as Israel's hymnal and prayer book. The book is divided into five 'books' (1-41, 42-72, 73-89, 90-106, 107-150), paralleling the five books of Moses.
Classification: Thanksgiving Psalm / Messianic Psalm
Attributed Author: David ("To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David")
Key Themes: Patient waiting for God, deliverance from the pit, the new song, sacrifice versus obedience, Messianic prophecy (Christ's incarnation and will), delight in God's will
Historical Context: Psalm 40 is one of the most significant Messianic psalms in the Psalter. While it begins as David's personal testimony of deliverance, verses 6-8 transcend David's experience and are directly applied to Christ in Hebrews 10:5-7, where the author identifies these words as spoken by the Son of God at His incarnation: "Lo, I come...to do thy will, O God."
He Brought Me Up out of an Horrible Pit (vv.1-3): I waited patiently for the LORD, and he inclined unto me, and heard my cry. The rescue is described as extraction and then as engineering, he brought me up also out of an horrible pit, out of the miry clay, and set my feet upon a rock, and established my goings. Mud and rock, in one sentence. And the result is public rather than private, he hath put a new song in my mouth, and many shall see it, and fear, and shall trust in the LORD.
Many, O LORD, Are Thy Wonderful Works (vv.4-5): Blessed is that man that maketh the LORD his trust, and respecteth not the proud. Then a sentence that gives up on counting, many, O LORD my God, are thy wonderful works, they are more than can be numbered. The psalm's confidence in this section is arithmetic: the works outnumber the troubles of the section that will follow.
Mine Ears Hast Thou Opened (vv.6-8): Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire, mine ears hast thou opened. The rejection of sacrifice in favor of obedience is the same argument as 1 Samuel 15:22 and Jeremiah 7:22. Then, then said I, Lo, I come, in the volume of the book it is written of me, I delight to do thy will, O my God. Hebrews 10:5-7 quotes the passage of Christ and follows the Septuagint, which reads a body hast thou prepared me where the Hebrew has mine ears hast thou opened, a difference the epistle's argument turns on.
I Have Not Hid Thy Righteousness (vv.9-10): I have preached righteousness in the great congregation, lo, I have not refrained my lips. Two verses of testimony that are all negatives, I have not hid thy righteousness within my heart, I have not concealed thy lovingkindness and thy truth from the great congregation. What is claimed is that nothing was withheld.
Let Thy Lovingkindness Preserve Me (v.11): One verse, and it is the hinge of the psalm. Withhold not thou thy mercy from me, O LORD, let thy lovingkindness and thy truth continually preserve me. The verb withhold answers the two verses above it, where the singer withheld nothing, and everything after it is trouble rather than testimony.
Mine Iniquities Have Taken Hold upon Me (vv.12-17): For innumerable evils have compassed me about. The word innumerable is the same claim made about God's works in verse 5, now made about troubles, and the accounting is honest about the source, mine iniquities have taken hold upon me, so that I am not able to look up. These six verses appear again almost word for word as Psalm 70. And the psalm ends without resolution, on need and a request for speed, but I am poor and needy, make no tarrying, O my God.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

🌟 Where Christmas Began - Psalm 40:6-8
David Guzik

Psalm 40 | He Set My Feet On a Rock | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Psalm 40 - The Servant Comes to Do God’s Will
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of Psalms -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Waiting Patiently for Deliverance (vv.1-2) — David describes waiting on God through a season in the pit before being lifted onto solid rock. Are you able to wait on God with real expectation, or does waiting feel like giving up?
  • A Testimony That Points Others to God (v.3) — God puts a new song in David's mouth specifically so that others who see it will come to trust Him too. Is your story of what God has brought you through something you're actually sharing, or keeping to yourself?
  • Obedience Over Ritual (vv.6-8) — David realizes God isn't ultimately after sacrifices and offerings but a heart that delights to do His will — words the New Testament later applies directly to Christ. Is your walk with God more about checking religious boxes or genuinely delighting in what He asks of you?
  • Holding Gratitude and Struggle Together (vv.11-12) — The same psalm that opens in confident thanksgiving turns to urgent trouble and need by its second half. Can you hold thankfulness for what God has already done alongside honesty about what you're still struggling with right now?
  • Poor, Needy, and Remembered (v.17) — David calls himself poor and needy, yet trusts that the Lord is still thinking of him. Do you believe your neediness disqualifies you from God's attention, or that it's exactly what draws Him toward you?