Psalms — Chapter 89
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1A Maskil of Ethan the Ezrahite. I will sing of the loving devotion of the LORD forever; with my mouth I will proclaim Your faithfulness to all generations.
2For I have said, “Loving devotion is built up forever; in the heavens You establish Your faithfulness.”
3You said, “I have made a covenant with My chosen one, I have sworn to David My servant:
4‘I will establish your offspring forever and build up your throne for all generations.’” Selah
5The heavens praise Your wonders, O LORD—Your faithfulness as well—in the assembly of the holy ones.
6For who in the skies can compare with the LORD? Who among the heavenly beings is like the LORD?
7In the council of the holy ones, God is greatly feared, and awesome above all who surround Him.
8O LORD God of Hosts, who is like You? O mighty LORD, Your faithfulness surrounds You.
9You rule the raging sea; when its waves mount up, You still them.
10You crushed Rahab like a carcass; You scattered Your enemies with Your mighty arm.
11The heavens are Yours, and also the earth. The earth and its fullness You founded.
12North and south You created; Tabor and Hermon shout for joy at Your name.
13Mighty is Your arm; strong is Your hand. Your right hand is exalted.
14Righteousness and justice are the foundation of Your throne; loving devotion and faithfulness go before You.
15Blessed are those who know the joyful sound, who walk, O LORD, in the light of Your presence.
16They rejoice in Your name all day long, and in Your righteousness they exult.
17For You are the glory of their strength, and by Your favor our horn is exalted.
18Surely our shield belongs to the LORD, and our king to the Holy One of Israel.
19You once spoke in a vision; to Your godly ones You said, “I have bestowed help on a warrior; I have exalted one chosen from the people.
20I have found My servant David; with My sacred oil I have anointed him.
21My hand will sustain him; surely My arm will strengthen him.
22No enemy will exact tribute; no wicked man will oppress him.
23I will crush his foes before him and strike down those who hate him.
24My faithfulness and loving devotion will be with him, and through My name his horn will be exalted.
25I will set his hand over the sea, and his right hand upon the rivers.
26He will call to Me, ‘You are my Father, my God, the Rock of my salvation.’
27I will indeed appoint him as My firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth.
28I will forever preserve My loving devotion for him, and My covenant with him will stand fast.
29I will establish his line forever, his throne as long as the heavens endure.
30If his sons forsake My law and do not walk in My judgments,
31if they violate My statutes and fail to keep My commandments,
32I will attend to their transgression with the rod, and to their iniquity with stripes.
33But I will not withdraw My loving devotion from him, nor ever betray My faithfulness.
34I will not violate My covenant or alter the utterance of My lips.
35Once and for all I have sworn by My holiness—I will not lie to David—
36his offspring shall endure forever, and his throne before Me like the sun,
37like the moon, established forever, a faithful witness in the sky.” Selah
38Now, however, You have spurned and rejected him; You are enraged by Your anointed one.
39You have renounced the covenant with Your servant and sullied his crown in the dust.
40You have broken down all his walls; You have reduced his strongholds to rubble.
41All who pass by plunder him; he has become a reproach to his neighbors.
42You have exalted the right hand of his foes; You have made all his enemies rejoice.
43You have bent the edge of his sword and have not sustained him in battle.
44You have ended his splendor and cast his throne to the ground.
45You have cut short the days of his youth; You have covered him with shame. Selah
46How long, O LORD? Will You hide Yourself forever? Will Your wrath keep burning like fire?
47Remember the briefness of my lifespan! For what futility You have created all men!
48What man can live and never see death? Can he deliver his soul from the power of Sheol? Selah
49Where, O Lord, is Your loving devotion of old, which You faithfully swore to David?
50Remember, O Lord, the reproach of Your servants, which I bear in my heart from so many people—
51how Your enemies have taunted, O LORD, and have mocked every step of Your anointed one!
52Blessed be the LORD forever! Amen and amen.
1I will sing of the mercies of the LORD for ever: with my mouth will I make known thy faithfulness to all generations.
2For I have said, Mercy shall be built up for ever: thy faithfulness shalt thou establish in the very heavens.
3I have made a covenant with my chosen, I have sworn unto David my servant,
4Thy seed will I establish for ever, and build up thy throne to all generations. Selah.
5And the heavens shall praise thy wonders, O LORD: thy faithfulness also in the congregation of the saints.
6For who in the heaven can be compared unto the LORD? who among the sons of the mighty can be likened unto the LORD?
7God is greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints, and to be had in reverence of all them that are about him.
8O LORD God of hosts, who is a strong LORD like unto thee? or to thy faithfulness round about thee?
9Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them.
10Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; thou hast scattered thine enemies with thy strong arm.
11The heavens are thine, the earth also is thine: as for the world and the fulness thereof, thou hast founded them.
12The north and the south thou hast created them: Tabor and Hermon shall rejoice in thy name.
13Thou hast a mighty arm: strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand.
14Justice and judgment are the habitation of thy throne: mercy and truth shall go before thy face.
15Blessed is the people that know the joyful sound: they shall walk, O LORD, in the light of thy countenance.
16In thy name shall they rejoice all the day: and in thy righteousness shall they be exalted.
17For thou art the glory of their strength: and in thy favour our horn shall be exalted.
18For the LORD is our defence; and the Holy One of Israel is our king.
19Then thou spakest in vision to thy holy one, and saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of the people.
20I have found David my servant; with my holy oil have I anointed him:
21With whom my hand shall be established: mine arm also shall strengthen him.
22The enemy shall not exact upon him; nor the son of wickedness afflict him.
23And I will beat down his foes before his face, and plague them that hate him.
24But my faithfulness and my mercy shall be with him: and in my name shall his horn be exalted.
25I will set his hand also in the sea, and his right hand in the rivers.
26He shall cry unto me, Thou art my father, my God, and the rock of my salvation.
27Also I will make him my firstborn, higher than the kings of the earth.
28My mercy will I keep for him for evermore, and my covenant shall stand fast with him.
29His seed also will I make to endure for ever, and his throne as the days of heaven.
30If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments;
31If they break my statutes, and keep not my commandments;
32Then will I visit their transgression with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes.
33Nevertheless my lovingkindness will I not utterly take from him, nor suffer my faithfulness to fail.
34My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips.
35Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lie unto David.
36His seed shall endure for ever, and his throne as the sun before me.
37It shall be established for ever as the moon, and as a faithful witness in heaven. Selah.
38But thou hast cast off and abhorred, thou hast been wroth with thine anointed.
39Thou hast made void the covenant of thy servant: thou hast profaned his crown by casting it to the ground.
40Thou hast broken down all his hedges; thou hast brought his strong holds to ruin.
41All that pass by the way spoil him: he is a reproach to his neighbours.
42Thou hast set up the right hand of his adversaries; thou hast made all his enemies to rejoice.
43Thou hast also turned the edge of his sword, and hast not made him to stand in the battle.
44Thou hast made his glory to cease, and cast his throne down to the ground.
45The days of his youth hast thou shortened: thou hast covered him with shame. Selah.
46How long, LORD? wilt thou hide thyself for ever? shall thy wrath burn like fire?
47Remember how short my time is: wherefore hast thou made all men in vain?
48What man is he that liveth, and shall not see death? shall he deliver his soul from the hand of the grave? Selah.
49Lord, where are thy former lovingkindnesses, which thou swarest unto David in thy truth?
50Remember, Lord, the reproach of thy servants; how I do bear in my bosom the reproach of all the mighty people;
51Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O LORD; wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed.
52Blessed be the LORD for evermore. Amen, and Amen.
1I will sing of the lovingkindness of Jehovah for ever: With my mouth will I make known thy faithfulness to all generations.
2For I have said, Mercy shall be built up for ever; Thy faithfulness wilt thou establish in the very heavens.
3I have made a covenant with my chosen, I have sworn unto David my servant:
4Thy seed will I establish for ever, And build up thy throne to all generations. Selah
5And the heavens shall praise thy wonders, O Jehovah; Thy faithfulness also in the assembly of the holy ones.
6For who in the skies can be compared unto Jehovah? Who among the sons of the mighty is like unto Jehovah,
7A God very terrible in the council of the holy ones, And to be feared above all them that are round about him?
8O Jehovah God of hosts, Who is a mighty one, like unto thee, O Jehovah? And thy faithfulness is round about thee.
9Thou rulest the pride of the sea: When the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them.
10Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain; Thou hast scattered thine enemies with the arm of thy strength.
11The heavens are thine, the earth also is thine: The world and the fulness thereof, thou hast founded them.
12The north and the south, thou hast created them: Tabor and Hermon rejoice in thy name.
13Thou hast a mighty arm; Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand.
14Righteousness and justice are the foundation of thy throne: Lovingkindness and truth go before thy face.
15Blessed is the people that know the joyful sound: They walk, O Jehovah, in the light of thy countenance.
16In thy name do they rejoice all the day; And in thy righteousness are they exalted.
17For thou art the glory of their strength; And in thy favor our horn shall be exalted.
18For our shield belongeth unto Jehovah; And our king to the Holy One of Israel.
19Then thou spakest in vision to thy saints, And saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of the people.
20I have found David my servant; With my holy oil have I anointed him:
21With whom my hand shall be established; Mine arm also shall strengthen him.
22The enemy shall not exact from him, Nor the son of wickedness afflict him.
23And I will beat down his adversaries before him, And smite them that hate him.
24But my faithfulness and my lovingkindness shall be with him; And in my name shall his horn be exalted.
25I will set his hand also on the sea, And his right hand on the rivers.
26He shall cry unto me, Thou art my Father, My God, and the rock of my salvation.
27I also will make him [my] first-born, The highest of the kings of the earth.
28My lovingkindness will I keep for him for evermore; And my covenant shall stand fast with him.
29His seed also will I make to endure for ever, And his throne as the days of heaven.
30If his children forsake my law, And walk not in mine ordinances;
31If they break my statutes, And keep not my commandments;
32Then will I visit their transgression with the rod, And their iniquity with stripes.
33But my lovingkindness will I not utterly take from him, Nor suffer my faithfulness to fail.
34My covenant will I not break, Nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips.
35Once have I sworn by my holiness: I will not lie unto David:
36His seed shall endure for ever, And his throne as the sun before me.
37It shall be established for ever as the moon, And [as] the faithful witness in the sky. Selah
38But thou hast cast off and rejected, Thou hast been wroth with thine anointed.
39Thou hast abhorred the covenant of thy servant: Thou hast profaned his crown [by casting it] to the ground.
40Thou hast broken down all his hedges; Thou hast brought his strongholds to ruin.
41All that pass by the way rob him: He is become a reproach to his neighbors.
42Thou hast exalted the right hand of his adversaries; Thou hast made all his enemies to rejoice.
43Yea, thou turnest back the edge of his sword, And hast not made him to stand in the battle.
44Thou hast made his brightness to cease, And cast his throne down to the ground.
45The days of his youth hast thou shortened: Thou hast covered him with shame. Selah
46How long, O Jehovah? wilt thou hide thyself for ever? [How long] shall thy wrath burn like fire?
47Oh remember how short my time is: For what vanity hast thou created all the children of men!
48What man is he that shall live and not see death, That shall deliver his soul from the power of Sheol? Selah
49Lord, where are thy former lovingkindnesses, Which thou swarest unto David in thy faithfulness?
50Remember, Lord, the reproach of thy servants; How I do bear in my bosom [the reproach of] all the mighty peoples,
51Wherewith thine enemies have reproached, O Jehovah, Wherewith they have reproached the footsteps of thine anointed.
52Blessed be Jehovah for evermore. Amen, and Amen. BOOK IV Psalm 90 A Prayer of Moses the man of God.
1A well-written song by Ethan the Ezrahite. I will sing continually about the Lord’s faithful deeds; to future generations I will proclaim your faithfulness.
2For I say, “Loyal love is permanently established; in the skies you set up your faithfulness.”
3The Lord said, “I have made a covenant with my chosen one; I have made a promise on oath to David, my servant:
4‘I will give you an eternal dynasty and establish your throne throughout future generations.’” (Selah)
5O Lord, the heavens praise your amazing deeds, as well as your faithfulness in the angelic assembly.
6For who in the skies can compare to the Lord? Who is like the Lord among the heavenly beings,
7a God who is honored in the great angelic assembly, and more awesome than all who surround him?
8O Lord God of Heaven’s Armies! Who is strong like you, O Lord? Your faithfulness surrounds you.
9You rule over the proud sea. When its waves surge, you calm them.
10You crushed the Proud One and killed it; with your strong arm you scattered your enemies.
11The heavens belong to you, as does the earth. You made the world and all it contains.
12You created the north and the south. Tabor and Hermon rejoice in your name.
13Your arm is powerful, your hand strong, your right hand victorious.
14Equity and justice are the foundation of your throne. Loyal love and faithfulness characterize your rule.
15How blessed are the people who worship you! O Lord, they experience your favor.
16They rejoice in your name all day long, and are vindicated by your justice.
17For you give them splendor and strength. By your favor we are victorious.
18For our shield belongs to the Lord, our king to the Holy One of Israel.
19Then you spoke through a vision to your faithful followers and said: “I have placed a young hero over a warrior; I have raised up a young man from the people.
20I have discovered David, my servant. With my holy oil I have anointed him as king.
21My hand will support him, and my arm will strengthen him.
22No enemy will be able to exact tribute from him; a violent oppressor will not be able to humiliate him.
23I will crush his enemies before him; I will strike down those who hate him.
24He will experience my faithfulness and loyal love, and by my name he will win victories.
25I will place his hand over the sea, his right hand over the rivers.
26He will call out to me, ‘You are my father, my God, and the protector who delivers me.’
27I will appoint him to be my firstborn son, the most exalted of the earth’s kings.
28I will always extend my loyal love to him, and my covenant with him is secure.
29I will give him an eternal dynasty and make his throne as enduring as the skies above.
30If his sons reject my law and disobey my regulations,
31if they break my rules and do not keep my commandments,
32I will punish their rebellion by beating them with a club, their sin by inflicting them with bruises.
33But I will not remove my loyal love from him nor be unfaithful to my promise.
34I will not break my covenant or go back on what I promised.
35Once and for all I have vowed by my own holiness, I will never deceive David.
36His dynasty will last forever. His throne will endure before me, like the sun;
37it will remain stable, like the moon. His throne will endure like the skies.” (Selah)
38But you have spurned and rejected him; you are angry with your chosen king.
39You have repudiated your covenant with your servant; you have thrown his crown to the ground.
40You have broken down all his walls; you have made his strongholds a heap of ruins.
41All who pass by have robbed him; he has become an object of disdain to his neighbors.
42You have allowed his adversaries to be victorious and all his enemies to rejoice.
43You turn back his sword from the adversary and have not sustained him in battle.
44You have brought to an end his splendor and have knocked his throne to the ground.
45You have cut short his youth and have covered him with shame. (Selah)
46How long, O Lord, will this last? Will you remain hidden forever? Will your anger continue to burn like fire?
47Take note of my brief lifespan. Why do you make all people so mortal?
48No man can live on without experiencing death or deliver his life from the power of Sheol. (Selah)
49Where are your earlier faithful deeds, O Lord, the ones performed in accordance with your reliable oath to David?
50Take note, O Lord, of the way your servants are taunted and of how I must bear so many insults from people.
51Your enemies, O Lord, hurl insults; they insult your chosen king as they dog his footsteps.
52The Lord deserves praise forevermore! We agree! We agree!
1I will sing of the loving kindness of Yahweh forever. With my mouth, I will make known your faithfulness to all generations.
2I indeed declare, “Love stands firm forever. You established the heavens. Your faithfulness is in them.”
3“I have made a covenant with my chosen one, I have sworn to David, my servant,
4‘I will establish your offspring forever, and build up your throne to all generations.’” Selah.
5The heavens will praise your wonders, Yahweh; your faithfulness also in the assembly of the holy ones.
6For who in the skies can be compared to Yahweh? Who among the sons of the heavenly beings is like Yahweh,
7a very awesome God in the council of the holy ones, to be feared above all those who are around him?
8Yahweh, God of Armies, who is a mighty one, like you? Yah, your faithfulness is around you.
9You rule the pride of the sea. When its waves rise up, you calm them.
10You have broken Rahab in pieces, like one of the slain. You have scattered your enemies with your mighty arm.
11The heavens are yours. The earth also is yours; the world and its fullness. You have founded them.
12The north and the south, you have created them. Tabor and Hermon rejoice in your name.
13You have a mighty arm. Your hand is strong, and your right hand is exalted.
14Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne. Loving kindness and truth go before your face.
15Blessed are the people who learn to acclaim you. They walk in the light of your presence, Yahweh.
16In your name they rejoice all day. In your righteousness, they are exalted.
17For you are the glory of their strength. In your favor, our horn will be exalted.
18For our shield belongs to Yahweh; our king to the Holy One of Israel.
19Then you spoke in vision to your saints, and said, “I have given strength to the warrior. I have exalted a young man from the people.
20I have found David, my servant. I have anointed him with my holy oil,
21with whom my hand shall be established. My arm will also strengthen him.
22No enemy will tax him. No wicked man will oppress him.
23I will beat down his adversaries before him, and strike those who hate him.
24But my faithfulness and my loving kindness will be with him. In my name, his horn will be exalted.
25I will set his hand also on the sea, and his right hand on the rivers.
26He will call to me, ‘You are my Father, my God, and the rock of my salvation!’
27I will also appoint him my firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth.
28I will keep my loving kindness for him forever more. My covenant will stand firm with him.
29I will also make his offspring endure forever, and his throne as the days of heaven.
30If his children forsake my law, and don’t walk in my ordinances;
31if they break my statutes, and don’t keep my commandments;
32then I will punish their sin with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes.
33But I will not completely take my loving kindness from him, nor allow my faithfulness to fail.
34I will not break my covenant, nor alter what my lips have uttered.
35Once I have sworn by my holiness, I will not lie to David.
36His offspring will endure forever, his throne like the sun before me.
37It will be established forever like the moon, the faithful witness in the sky.” Selah.
38But you have rejected and spurned. You have been angry with your anointed.
39You have renounced the covenant of your servant. You have defiled his crown in the dust.
40You have broken down all his hedges. You have brought his strongholds to ruin.
41All who pass by the way rob him. He has become a reproach to his neighbors.
42You have exalted the right hand of his adversaries. You have made all of his enemies rejoice.
43Yes, you turn back the edge of his sword, and haven’t supported him in battle.
44You have ended his splendor, and thrown his throne down to the ground.
45You have shortened the days of his youth. You have covered him with shame. Selah.
46How long, Yahweh? Will you hide yourself forever? Will your wrath burn like fire?
47Remember how short my time is! For what vanity have you created all the children of men!
48What man is he who shall live and not see death, who shall deliver his soul from the power of Sheol? Selah.
49Lord, where are your former loving kindnesses, which you swore to David in your faithfulness?
50Remember, Lord, the reproach of your servants, how I bear in my heart the taunts of all the mighty peoples,
51With which your enemies have mocked, Yahweh, with which they have mocked the footsteps of your anointed one.
52Blessed be Yahweh forever more. Amen, and Amen.
Summary
A long royal psalm closing Book III of the Psalter, it opens with praise for God's steadfast love and faithfulness, celebrating his covenant promise that David's throne would be established forever (vv. 1-4). The psalm extols God's unmatched power over creation and the sea, and his justice and righteousness as the foundation of his throne (vv. 5-18). It then recounts God's covenant with David in detail — choosing him, anointing him, and promising that his line would endure even if his descendants sinned and were disciplined (vv. 19-37). The tone shifts sharply in the final section as the psalmist laments that God now seems to have rejected and humiliated his anointed king, closing with an anguished appeal for God to remember his former faithfulness (vv. 38-52).
Authorship & Background
Commentary
- Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
- Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.
Videos
Articles
- GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of Psalms -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.
Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.
Reflection
- Holding Praise and Lament Together (vv.1-4) — Ethan opens with exuberant praise of God's steadfast love and faithfulness, the same love he'll later question when the Davidic throne appears to have collapsed. Can your worship hold both genuine praise and honest questions at the same time?
- God's Covenant Holds Even Through Discipline (v.33) — God promises He will punish His people's disobedience but will never take away His steadfast love or break His covenant. Does painful discipline in your life ever make you doubt God's commitment to you, when Scripture says the two aren't the same thing?
- What Looked Like Failure Was Delay (v.39) — Ethan grieves that God seems to have renounced the covenant with His anointed king, not yet seeing that the promise would be fulfilled in Christ centuries later. What promise of God are you tempted to call broken simply because it hasn't happened on your timeline?
- "Where Are Your Former Lovingkindnesses?" (v.49) — Ethan directly asks God to account for the mercies He swore to David, treating honest questioning as an act of covenant faith rather than irreverence. Do you feel permission to hold God to His own promises in prayer, even when you don't understand His timing?