Psalms — Chapter 22

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1For the choirmaster. To the tune of “The Doe of the Dawn.” A Psalm of David. My God, my God, why have You forsaken me? Why are You so far from saving me, so far from my words of groaning?

2I cry out by day, O my God, but You do not answer, and by night, but I have no rest.

3Yet You are holy, enthroned on the praises of Israel.

4In You our fathers trusted; they trusted and You delivered them.

5They cried out to You and were set free; they trusted in You and were not disappointed.

6But I am a worm and not a man, scorned by men and despised by the people.

7All who see me mock me; they sneer and shake their heads:

8“He trusts in the LORD, let the LORD deliver him; let the LORD rescue him, since He delights in him.”

9Yet You brought me forth from the womb; You made me secure at my mother’s breast.

10From birth I was cast upon You; from my mother’s womb You have been my God.

11Be not far from me, for trouble is near and there is no one to help.

12Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan encircle me.

13They open their jaws against me like lions that roar and maul.

14I am poured out like water, and all my bones are disjointed. My heart is like wax; it melts away within me.

15My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You lay me in the dust of death.

16For dogs surround me; a band of evil men encircles me; they have pierced my hands and feet.

17I can count all my bones; they stare and gloat over me.

18They divide my garments among them and cast lots for my clothing.

19But You, O LORD, be not far off; O my Strength, come quickly to help me.

20Deliver my soul from the sword, my precious life from the power of wild dogs.

21Save me from the mouth of the lion; at the horns of the wild oxen You have answered me!

22I will proclaim Your name to my brothers; I will praise You in the assembly.

23You who fear the LORD, praise Him! All descendants of Jacob, honor Him! All offspring of Israel, revere Him!

24For He has not despised or detested the torment of the afflicted. He has not hidden His face from him, but has attended to his cry for help.

25My praise for You resounds in the great assembly; I will fulfill my vows before those who fear You.

26The poor will eat and be satisfied; those who seek the LORD will praise Him. May your hearts live forever!

27All the ends of the earth will remember and turn to the LORD. All the families of the nations will bow down before Him.

28For dominion belongs to the LORD and He rules over the nations.

29All the rich of the earth will feast and worship; all who go down to the dust will kneel before Him—even those unable to preserve their lives.

30Posterity will serve Him; they will declare the Lord to a new generation.

31They will come and proclaim His righteousness to a people yet unborn—all that He has done.

1My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring?

2O my God, I cry in the daytime, but thou hearest not; and in the night season, and am not silent.

3But thou art holy, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel.

4Our fathers trusted in thee: they trusted, and thou didst deliver them.

5They cried unto thee, and were delivered: they trusted in thee, and were not confounded.

6But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised of the people.

7All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, they shake the head saying,

8He trusted on the LORD that he would deliver him: let him deliver him, seeing he delighted in him.

9But thou art he that took me out of the womb: thou didst make me hope when I was upon my mother’s breasts.

10I was cast upon thee from the womb: thou art my God from my mother’s belly.

11Be not far from me; for trouble is near; for there is none to help.

12Many bulls have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round.

13They gaped upon me with their mouths, as a ravening and a roaring lion.

14I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels.

15My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.

16For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet.

17I may tell all my bones: they look and stare upon me.

18They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture.

19But be not thou far from me, O LORD: O my strength, haste thee to help me.

20Deliver my soul from the sword; my darling from the power of the dog.

21Save me from the lion’s mouth: for thou hast heard me from the horns of the unicorns.

22I will declare thy name unto my brethren: in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee.

23Ye that fear the LORD, praise him; all ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him; and fear him, all ye the seed of Israel.

24For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; neither hath he hid his face from him; but when he cried unto him, he heard.

25My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation: I will pay my vows before them that fear him.

26The meek shall eat and be satisfied: they shall praise the LORD that seek him: your heart shall live for ever.

27All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the LORD: and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee.

28For the kingdom is the LORD’S: and he is the governor among the nations.

29All they that be fat upon earth shall eat and worship: all they that go down to the dust shall bow before him: and none can keep alive his own soul.

30A seed shall serve him; it shall be accounted to the Lord for a generation.

31They shall come, and shall declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born, that he hath done this.

1My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? [Why art thou so] far from helping me, [and from] the words of my groaning?

2O my God, I cry in the daytime, but thou answerest not; And in the night season, and am not silent.

3But thou art holy, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel.

4Our fathers trusted in thee: They trusted, and thou didst deliver them.

5They cried unto thee, and were delivered: They trusted in thee, and were not put to shame.

6But I am a worm, and no man; A reproach of men, and despised of the people.

7All they that see me laugh me to scorn: They shoot out the lip, they shake the head, [saying],

8Commit [thyself] unto Jehovah; Let him deliver him: Let him rescue him, seeing he delighteth in him.

9But thou art he that took me out of the womb; Thou didst make me trust [when I was] upon my mother`s breasts.

10I was cast upon thee from the womb; Thou art my God since my mother bare me.

11Be not far from me; for trouble is near; For there is none to help.

12Many bulls have compassed me; Strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round.

13They gape upon me with their mouth, [As] a ravening and a roaring lion.

14I am poured out like water, And all my bones are out of joint: My heart is like wax; It is melted within me.

15My strength is dried up like a potsherd; And my tongue cleaveth to my jaws; And thou hast brought me into the dust of death.

16For dogs have compassed me: A company of evil-doers have inclosed me; They pierced my hands and my feet.

17I may count all my bones; They look and stare upon me.

18They part my garments among them, And upon my vesture do they cast lots.

19But be not thou far off, O Jehovah: O thou my succor, haste thee to help me.

20Deliver my soul from the sword, My darling from the power of the dog.

21Save me from the lion`s mouth; Yea, from the horns of the wild-oxen thou hast answered me.

22I will declare thy name unto my brethren: In the midst of the assembly will I praise thee.

23Ye that fear Jehovah, praise him; All ye the seed of Jacob, glorify him; And stand in awe of him, all ye the seed of Israel.

24For he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; Neither hath he hid his face from him; But when he cried unto him, he heard.

25Of thee cometh my praise in the great assembly: I will pay my vows before them that fear him.

26The meek shall eat and be satisfied; They shall praise Jehovah that seek after him: Let your heart live for ever.

27All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn unto Jehovah; And all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee.

28For the kingdom is Jehovah`s; And he is the ruler over the nations.

29All the fat ones of the earth shall eat and worship: All they that go down to the dust shall bow before him, Even he that cannot keep his soul alive.

30A seed shall serve him; It shall be told of the Lord unto the [next] generation.

31They shall come and shall declare his righteousness Unto a people that shall be born, that he hath done it. Psalm 23 A Psalm of David.

1For the music director, according to the tune “Morning Doe”; a psalm of David. My God, my God, why have you abandoned me? I groan in prayer, but help seems far away.

2My God, I cry out during the day, but you do not answer, and during the night my prayers do not let up.

3You are holy; you sit as king receiving the praises of Israel.

4In you our ancestors trusted; they trusted in you and you rescued them.

5To you they cried out, and they were saved; in you they trusted and they were not disappointed.

6But I am a worm, not a man; people insult me and despise me.

7All who see me taunt me; they mock me and shake their heads.

8They say, “Commit yourself to the Lord! Let the Lord rescue him! Let the Lord deliver him, for he delights in him.”

9Yes, you are the one who brought me out from the womb and made me feel secure on my mother’s breasts.

10I have been dependent on you since birth; from the time I came out of my mother’s womb you have been my God.

11Do not remain far away from me, for trouble is near and I have no one to help me.

12Many bulls surround me; powerful bulls of Bashan hem me in.

13They open their mouths to devour me like a roaring lion that rips its prey.

14My strength drains away like water; all my bones are dislocated. My heart is like wax; it melts away inside me.

15The roof of my mouth is as dry as a piece of pottery; my tongue sticks to my gums. You set me in the dust of death.

16Yes, wild dogs surround me— a gang of evil men crowd around me; like a lion they pin my hands and feet.

17I can count all my bones; my enemies are gloating over me in triumph.

18They are dividing up my clothes among themselves; they are rolling dice for my garments.

19But you, O Lord, do not remain far away. You are my source of strength. Hurry and help me!

20Deliver me from the sword. Save my life from the claws of the wild dogs.

21Rescue me from the mouth of the lion and from the horns of the wild oxen. You have answered me.

22I will declare your name to my countrymen. In the middle of the assembly I will praise you.

23You loyal followers of the Lord, praise him. All you descendants of Jacob, honor him. All you descendants of Israel, stand in awe of him.

24For he did not despise or detest the suffering of the oppressed. He did not ignore him; when he cried out to him, he responded.

25You are the reason I offer praise in the great assembly; I will fulfill my promises before the Lord’s loyal followers.

26Let the oppressed eat and be filled. Let those who seek his help praise the Lord. May you live forever!

27Let all the people of the earth acknowledge the Lord and turn to him. Let all the nations worship you.

28For the Lord is king and rules over the nations.

29All the thriving people of the earth will join the celebration and worship; all those who are descending into the grave will bow before him, including those who cannot preserve their lives.

30A whole generation will serve him; they will tell the next generation about the Lord.

31They will come and tell about his saving deeds; they will tell a future generation what he has accomplished.

1My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you so far from helping me, and from the words of my groaning?

2My God, I cry in the daytime, but you don’t answer; in the night season, and am not silent.

3But you are holy, you who inhabit the praises of Israel.

4Our fathers trusted in you. They trusted, and you delivered them.

5They cried to you, and were delivered. They trusted in you, and were not disappointed.

6But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised by the people.

7All those who see me mock me. They insult me with their lips. They shake their heads, saying,

8“He trusts in Yahweh. Let him deliver him. Let him rescue him, since he delights in him.”

9But you brought me out of the womb. You made me trust while at my mother’s breasts.

10I was thrown on you from my mother’s womb. You are my God since my mother bore me.

11Don’t be far from me, for trouble is near. For there is no one to help.

12Many bulls have surrounded me. Strong bulls of Bashan have encircled me.

13They open their mouths wide against me, lions tearing prey and roaring.

14I am poured out like water. All my bones are out of joint. My heart is like wax; it is melted within me.

15My strength is dried up like a potsherd. My tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth. You have brought me into the dust of death.

16For dogs have surrounded me. A company of evildoers have enclosed me. They have pierced my hands and feet.

17I can count all of my bones. They look and stare at me.

18They divide my garments among them. They cast lots for my clothing.

19But don’t be far off, Yahweh. You are my help: hurry to help me.

20Deliver my soul from the sword, my precious life from the power of the dog.

21Save me from the lion’s mouth! Yes, from the horns of the wild oxen, you have answered me.

22I will declare your name to my brothers. Among the assembly, I will praise you.

23You who fear Yahweh, praise him! All you descendants of Jacob, glorify him! Stand in awe of him, all you descendants of Israel!

24For he has not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted, Neither has he hidden his face from him; but when he cried to him, he heard.

25Of you comes my praise in the great assembly. I will pay my vows before those who fear him.

26The humble shall eat and be satisfied. They shall praise Yahweh who seek after him. Let your hearts live forever.

27All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to Yahweh. All the relatives of the nations shall worship before you.

28For the kingdom is Yahweh’s. He is the ruler over the nations.

29All the rich ones of the earth shall eat and worship. All those who go down to the dust shall bow before him, even he who can’t keep his soul alive.

30Posterity shall serve him. Future generations shall be told about the Lord.

31They shall come and shall declare his righteousness to a people that shall be born, for he has done it.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

A lament that turns to praise, quoted by Jesus from the cross and understood as messianic. It opens with the anguished cry of feeling forsaken by God despite the trust of past generations, followed by description of being mocked and scorned by onlookers who taunt that God should rescue him if he delights in him (vv. 1-8). The suffering intensifies into vivid physical imagery: bones out of joint, strength dried up, surrounded by enemies compared to bulls, lions, and dogs, hands and feet pierced, garments divided and gambled for (vv. 12-18). After pleading for rescue, the psalm shifts dramatically in tone, as the sufferer vows to declare God's name to his people and praise him in the assembly (vv. 19-22). It closes looking far beyond the immediate crisis, anticipating that all the ends of the earth and generations not yet born will turn to and worship the LORD (vv. 27-31).

Authorship & Background

Author: Multiple authors — primarily David (73 psalms attributed), plus Asaph (12), Sons of Korah (11), Solomon (2), Moses (1), Heman (1), Ethan (1), and anonymous. The Psalter was compiled over approximately 1000 years and served as Israel's hymnal and prayer book. The book is divided into five 'books' (1-41, 42-72, 73-89, 90-106, 107-150), paralleling the five books of Moses.
Classification: Individual Lament / Messianic Psalm (supreme)
Attributed Author: David — "To the chief Musician upon Aijeleth Shahar, A Psalm of David" ("Aijeleth Shahar" = "The Doe of the Dawn")
Key Themes: Divine abandonment, extreme suffering, mockery, physical torment describing crucifixion, pierced hands and feet, garments divided, the pivot from lament to worldwide praise, universal kingdom
Historical Context: Psalm 22 is the supreme Messianic psalm — quoted by Jesus on the cross ("My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" — Matt 27:46) and fulfilled in detail by His crucifixion. Written approximately 1000 years before Christ and centuries before crucifixion was invented as an execution method, it describes: pierced hands and feet (v.16), bones out of joint (v.14), garments divided and lots cast (v.18), surrounded by mockers using the exact words of Matthew 27:43 (v.8), thirst (v.15), and visible bones (v.17). The psalm's structure moves from deepest desolation (vv.1-21) to highest praise (vv.22-31), paralleling Christ's journey from cross to resurrection. The final phrase "he hath done this" (v.31) parallels Jesus' "It is finished" (John 19:30).
My God, Why Hast Thou Forsaken Me (vv.1-2): My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me. Jesus quotes this line from the cross in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34, in Aramaic, and it is the only one of the seven sayings that is a question. The complaint is not only about absence but about distance from help, why art thou so far from helping me. And the second verse adds the duration, I cry in the daytime, but thou hearest not, and in the night season, and am not silent.
Our Fathers Trusted in Thee (vv.3-5): But thou art holy, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel. The turn is immediate and it is an argument rather than a consolation: our fathers trusted in thee, they trusted, and thou didst deliver them. Three times in two verses the verb trusted is used of previous generations, and the point being made is that the pattern is well established, which is precisely what makes the present silence a problem.
A Worm, and No Man (vv.6-8): But I am a worm, and no man, a reproach of men, and despised of the people. Then the mockery is quoted, they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, He trusted in the LORD, let him deliver him. Matthew 27:43 records almost those words being said at the cross, and the mockery works by turning the argument of the previous section against the sufferer: the fathers trusted and were delivered, so the absence of a rescue is taken as evidence.
Thou Art He That Took Me Out of the Womb (vv.9-11): But thou art he that took me out of the womb, thou didst make me hope when I was upon my mother's breasts. Against the taunt of verse 8 the psalm offers a longer history than the fathers' and a more personal one, thou art my God from my mother's belly. And the petition follows from the loneliness rather than from the danger, be not far from me, for there is none to help.
Bulls of Bashan (vv.12-13): Many bulls have compassed me, strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round. Bashan was the region known for its cattle, so the comparison is with the largest and best-fed animals anybody had seen. And the second verse changes species without warning, they gaped upon me with their mouths, as a ravening and a roaring lion.
They Pierced My Hands and My Feet (vv.14-18): I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint, my heart is like wax. The physical description is the most detailed in the psalter and several of its lines are quoted or echoed in the crucifixion accounts: my tongue cleaveth to my jaws, which John 19:28 answers with I thirst; they pierced my hands and my feet, where the Hebrew is difficult and the Septuagint reads pierced; I may tell all my bones, and John 19:36 notes that none were broken; and they part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture, which all four Gospels record as done at the foot of the cross.
Deliver My Soul from the Sword (vv.19-21): But be not thou far from me, O LORD, O my strength, haste thee to help me. The petitions come in a rush and the animals of the previous sections are gathered into them, deliver my soul from the sword, my darling from the power of the dog, save me from the lion's mouth, from the horns of the unicorns. And the last clause of verse 21 in the Hebrew is a bare statement that the answer came, which is where the psalm turns.
I Will Declare Thy Name unto My Brethren (vv.22-26): I will declare thy name unto my brethren, in the midst of the congregation will I praise thee. Hebrews 2:12 quotes this verse and puts it in Christ's mouth. Nothing in the psalm explains the change of tone; the deliverance is not described, only its effect, for he hath not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted. And the closing line is a meal, the meek shall eat and be satisfied, so a public thanksgiving offering is being shared out.
All the Ends of the World Shall Remember (vv.27-31): All the ends of the world shall remember and turn unto the LORD. The psalm's final movement widens from one sufferer to the whole earth and then to time, and all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee. Two groups are named that are usually left out, they that go down to the dust and a seed that shall serve him, so the dead and the unborn are both included. And the last three words in the Hebrew are a single perfect verb, he hath done it, which John 19:30 answers with it is finished.

Map & Geography

Places on this map

  • BashanGolan and Hauran, SyriaThe volcanic tableland north-east of the Sea of Galilee, deep in basalt soil and famous for cattle and oak. The bulls of Bashan in the Psalms are a compliment to the pasture before they are an insult to anyone. Wikipedia
  • Sea of GalileeLake Kinneret, IsraelA freshwater lake 13 miles by 8, sunk 700 feet below sea level in a bowl of hills. Cold air spilling over the rim onto warm water is what produces the sudden violent squalls the Gospels keep describing. Wikipedia

Towns sit on their excavated or traditional site. Regions, rivers and seas are ringed rather than dotted, because for those a single point is only an anchor. Coastlines from Natural Earth.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

What does it mean that God inhabits the praise of His people in Psalm 22:3? | GotQuestions.org
Got Questions Ministries

Psalm 22 | My God, Why Have You Forsaken Me? | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Psalm 22 - The Servant of God Forsaken, Rescued, and Triumphant
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org The textual question behind verse 16, and why translations differ between 'pierced' and 'like a lion'.
  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of Psalms -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Christ Entered Full Forsakenness for You (v.1) — Jesus quoted this cry of abandonment from the cross, experiencing what no other human has. Does knowing Christ bore ultimate abandonment change how you carry your own feelings of being forsaken?
  • Holding Suffering and God's Holiness Together (v.3) — Even while crying out in anguish, the psalmist affirms that God remains holy. Can you hold both truths at once, real pain and God's unchanged character?
  • Suffering Described in Startling Detail (v.18) — Written centuries before crucifixion existed as an execution method, the psalm describes enemies dividing the sufferer's garments by lot. Does this precise fulfillment strengthen your confidence in the reliability of Scripture?
  • The Pivot From Suffering to Praise (v.22) — After twenty-one verses of anguish, the psalm turns abruptly toward worship. Are you able to trust that your current suffering is not the final word, that praise still lies ahead?
  • A Finished Work (v.31) — The psalm closes with the declaration that God has accomplished what He set out to do. Are you resting in a salvation that is already complete, or still trying to finish what Christ has already done?