Psalms — Chapter 17

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1A prayer of David. Hear, O LORD, my righteous plea; listen to my cry. Give ear to my prayer—it comes from lips free of deceit.

2May my vindication come from Your presence; may Your eyes see what is right.

3You have tried my heart; You have visited me in the night. You have tested me and found no evil; I have resolved not to sin with my mouth.

4As for the deeds of men—by the word of Your lips I have avoided the ways of the violent.

5My steps have held to Your paths; my feet have not slipped.

6I call on You, O God, for You will answer me. Incline Your ear to me; hear my words.

7Show the wonders of Your loving devotion, You who save by Your right hand those who seek refuge from their foes.

8Keep me as the apple of Your eye; hide me in the shadow of Your wings

9from the wicked who assail me, from my mortal enemies who surround me.

10They have closed their callous hearts; their mouths speak with arrogance.

11They have tracked us down, and now surround us; their eyes are set to cast us to the ground,

12like a lion greedy for prey, like a young lion lurking in ambush.

13Arise, O LORD, confront them! Bring them to their knees; deliver me from the wicked by Your sword,

14from such men, O LORD, by Your hand—from men of the world whose portion is in this life. May You fill the bellies of Your treasured ones and satisfy their sons, so they leave their abundance to their children.

15As for me, I will behold Your face in righteousness; when I awake, I will be satisfied in Your presence.

1Hear the right, O LORD, attend unto my cry, give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips.

2Let my sentence come forth from thy presence; let thine eyes behold the things that are equal.

3Thou hast proved mine heart; thou hast visited me in the night; thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing; I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress.

4Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer.

5Hold up my goings in thy paths, that my footsteps slip not.

6I have called upon thee, for thou wilt hear me, O God: incline thine ear unto me, and hear my speech.

7Shew thy marvellous lovingkindness, O thou that savest by thy right hand them which put their trust in thee from those that rise up against them.

8Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy wings,

9From the wicked that oppress me, from my deadly enemies, who compass me about.

10They are inclosed in their own fat: with their mouth they speak proudly.

11They have now compassed us in our steps: they have set their eyes bowing down to the earth;

12Like as a lion that is greedy of his prey, and as it were a young lion lurking in secret places.

13Arise, O LORD, disappoint him, cast him down: deliver my soul from the wicked, which is thy sword:

14From men which are thy hand, O LORD, from men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and whose belly thou fillest with thy hid treasure: they are full of children, and leave the rest of their substance to their babes.

15As for me, I will behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness.

1Hear the right, O Jehovah, attend unto my cry; Give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips.

2Let my sentence come forth from thy presence; Let thine eyes look upon equity.

3Thou hast proved my heart; thou hast visited me in the night; Thou hast tried me, and findest nothing; I am purposed that my mouth shall not transgress.

4As for the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the ways of the violent.

5My steps have held fast to thy paths, My feet have not slipped.

6I have called upon thee, for thou wilt answer me, O God: Incline thine ear unto me, [and] hear my speech.

7Show thy marvellous lovingkindness, O thou that savest by thy right hand them that take refuge [in thee ]From those that rise up [against them].

8Keep me as the apple of the eye; Hide me under the shadow of thy wings,

9From the wicked that oppress me, My deadly enemies, that compass me about.

10They are inclosed in their own fat: With their mouth they speak proudly.

11They have now compassed us in our steps; They set their eyes to cast [us] down to the earth.

12He is like a lion that is greedy of his prey, And as it were a young lion lurking in secret places.

13Arise, O Jehovah, Confront him, cast him down: Deliver my soul from the wicked by thy sword;

14From men by thy hand, O Jehovah, From men of the world, whose portion is in [this] life, And whose belly thou fillest with thy treasure: They are satisfied with children, And leave the rest of their substance to their babes.

15As for me, I shall behold thy face in righteousness; I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with [beholding] thy form. Psalm 18 For the Chief Musician. [A Psalm] of David the servant of Jehovah, who spake unto Jehovah the words of this song in the day that Jehovah delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul: and he said,

1A prayer of David. Lord, consider my just cause. Pay attention to my cry for help. Listen to the prayer I sincerely offer.

2Make a just decision on my behalf. Decide what is right.

3You have scrutinized my inner motives; you have examined me during the night. You have carefully evaluated me, but you find no sin. I am determined I will say nothing sinful.

4As for the actions of people— just as you have commanded, I have not followed in the footsteps of violent men.

5I carefully obey your commands; I do not deviate from them.

6I call to you because you will answer me, O God. Listen to me! Hear what I say!

7Accomplish awesome, faithful deeds, you who powerfully deliver those who look to you for protection from their enemies.

8Protect me as you would protect the pupil of your eye. Hide me in the shadow of your wings.

9Protect me from the wicked men who attack me, my enemies who crowd around me for the kill.

10They are calloused; they speak arrogantly.

11They attack me, now they surround me; they intend to throw me to the ground.

12He is like a lion that wants to tear its prey to bits, like a young lion crouching in hidden places.

13Rise up, Lord! Confront him. Knock him down. Use your sword to rescue me from the wicked man.

14Lord, use your power to deliver me from these murderers, from the murderers of this world. They enjoy prosperity; you overwhelm them with the riches they desire. They have many children, and leave their wealth to their offspring.

15As for me, because I am innocent I will see your face; when I awake you will reveal yourself to me.

1Hear, Yahweh, my righteous plea; Give ear to my prayer, that doesn’t go out of deceitful lips.

2Let my sentence come out of your presence. Let your eyes look on equity.

3You have proved my heart. You have visited me in the night. You have tried me, and found nothing. I have resolved that my mouth shall not disobey.

4As for the deeds of men, by the word of your lips, I have kept myself from the ways of the violent.

5My steps have held fast to your paths. My feet have not slipped.

6I have called on you, for you will answer me, God. Turn your ear to me. Hear my speech.

7Show your marvelous loving kindness, you who save those who take refuge by your right hand from their enemies.

8Keep me as the apple of your eye. Hide me under the shadow of your wings,

9from the wicked who oppress me, my deadly enemies, who surround me.

10They close up their callous hearts. With their mouth they speak proudly.

11They have now surrounded us in our steps. They set their eyes to cast us down to the earth.

12He is like a lion that is greedy of his prey, as it were a young lion lurking in secret places.

13Arise, Yahweh, confront him. Cast him down. Deliver my soul from the wicked by your sword;

14from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of the world, whose portion is in this life. You fill the belly of your cherished ones. Your sons have plenty, and they store up wealth for their children.

15As for me, I shall see your face in righteousness. I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with seeing your form.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Commentary
Videos
Articles
Reflection

Summary

A lament in which David appeals for vindication from a place of integrity. He asks God to hear his righteous cause, having tested his heart at night and found no wickedness or deceit in it (vv. 1-3), and affirms that he has kept himself from violent paths and held to God's ways (vv. 4-5). He calls on God, who answers those who seek him, to guard him like the pupil of an eye and hide him under the shadow of his wings from the wicked who surround him like predators (vv. 6-9). His enemies are arrogant, close their hearts to pity, and hunt him down like a lion stalking prey (vv. 10-12). David asks God to rise up and confront them, since their reward is only in this life, while he looks forward to seeing God's face in righteousness and being satisfied when he awakens in his likeness (vv. 13-15).

Authorship & Background

Author: Multiple authors — primarily David (73 psalms attributed), plus Asaph (12), Sons of Korah (11), Solomon (2), Moses (1), Heman (1), Ethan (1), and anonymous. The Psalter was compiled over approximately 1000 years and served as Israel's hymnal and prayer book. The book is divided into five 'books' (1-41, 42-72, 73-89, 90-106, 107-150), paralleling the five books of Moses.
Classification: Individual Lament / Prayer for Vindication
Attributed Author: David — "A Prayer of David"
Key Themes: Innocence before God, divine testing and approval, enemies like lions, apple of God's eye, shadow of God's wings, satisfaction in God's presence vs. worldly satisfaction
Historical Context: Labeled simply "A Prayer" — one of only five psalms so designated (17, 86, 90, 102, 142). David protests his innocence (vv.1-5) in language similar to Psalm 7, appeals for protection using intimate imagery (apple of the eye, shadow of wings), and contrasts two ultimate satisfactions: the worldly person satisfied with "this life" (v.14) vs. David satisfied with God's face at resurrection (v.15). The enemies are described as predatory lions (v.12), suggesting a period when David was hunted. The final verse (v.15) is one of the most remarkable statements of afterlife hope in the Psalter.
Hear the Right, O LORD (vv.1-5): Hear the right, O LORD, attend unto my cry, give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips. The claim is not general innocence but honesty in this particular petition. Then the test invited, thou hast proved mine heart, thou hast visited me in the night, thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing. And the ground of the claim is stated as restraint rather than achievement, concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer.
Keep Me as the Apple of the Eye (vv.6-9): I have called upon thee, for thou wilt hear me, O God, incline thine ear unto me. Then two images that have both passed into ordinary English, keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy wings. The first is the pupil, the most instinctively protected part of the body, and the second is a bird sheltering its young, which is the same figure Jesus uses of Jerusalem in Matthew 23:37.
Like a Lion Greedy of His Prey (vv.10-12): They are inclosed in their own fat, with their mouth they speak proudly. The description moves from arrogance to hunting, they have now compassed us in our steps, they have set their eyes bowing down to the earth. And the comparison is doubled to cover both danger and patience, like as a lion that is greedy of his prey, and as it were a young lion lurking in secret places.
Deliver My Soul from the Wicked (vv.13-14): Arise, O LORD, disappoint him, cast him down, deliver my soul from the wicked. Then a description of the opponents by what they have, men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and the phrase is doing careful work: their portion is real and it is bounded. And the last clause notes that it extends beyond them, they leave the rest of their substance to their babes, so the psalm concedes their prosperity is durable and still calls it a portion in this life.
I Shall Be Satisfied, When I Awake (v.15): As for me, I will behold thy face in righteousness, I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness. One verse set against the previous one, and every term in it is the counterpart of something there: their portion against his satisfaction, this life against waking, and possessions against a face. Whether awake means morning or something further is left open by the Hebrew, and the psalm does not press it.

Commentary

  • Enduring Word (David Guzik): enduringword.com Verse-by-verse commentary on this chapter, written for the everyday reader and freely available online.
  • Jamieson-Fausset-Brown (1871): blueletterbible.org A critical and explanatory commentary on the whole Bible, more concise than Matthew Henry and closer to the Hebrew and Greek, with attention to historical and geographical detail. Public domain.
  • Matthew Henry's Exposition (1710): blueletterbible.org A devotional verse-by-verse commentary in the Puritan tradition, still among the most widely read three centuries on. Public domain.

Videos

Psalm 17 | The Apple of Your Eye | Bible Study
Spoken Gospel

Psalm 17 - Shelter under the Shadow of His Wings
David Guzik

Articles

  • GotQuestions.org: gotquestions.org On the whole book: an overview of Psalms -- who wrote it, when, why, and how it fits the rest of Scripture.

Links open on the publisher's own site. Nothing here is reproduced on this page.

Reflection

  • Character Tested in Private (v.3) — David invites God to test him even at night, when no one else is watching. Does your private conduct match the character you display publicly?
  • Guarded Like the Apple of God's Eye (v.8) — David asks to be kept as carefully as the pupil of an eye, the most instinctively protected part of the body. Do you believe God's protection over you is this immediate and instinctive?
  • Enemies Like Predatory Lions (v.12) — David describes the danger surrounding him in vivid, threatening terms, yet still brings it to God. Are you honest with God about how dangerous or overwhelming a situation truly feels?
  • Two Different Satisfactions (v.14) — David contrasts those satisfied by present wealth and comfort with his own longing for something beyond this life. What are you ultimately seeking to satisfy you, this life's rewards or God Himself?
  • Satisfied by Becoming Like God (v.15) — David's deepest hope is to awaken in God's likeness, not simply to escape his troubles. Is being conformed to God's character the satisfaction you are pursuing, or are you settling for lesser goals?