Psalms — Chapter 4

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1Hear me when I call, O God of my righteousness: thou hast enlarged me when I was in distress; have mercy upon me, and hear my prayer.

2O ye sons of men, how long will ye turn my glory into shame? how long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing? Selah.

3But know that the LORD hath set apart him that is godly for himself: the LORD will hear when I call unto him.

4Stand in awe, and sin not: commune with your own heart upon your bed, and be still. Selah.

5Offer the sacrifices of righteousness, and put your trust in the LORD.

6There be many that say, Who will shew us any good? LORD, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us.

7Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased.

8I will both lay me down in peace, and sleep: for thou, LORD, only makest me dwell in safety.

1Answer me when I call, O God of my righteousness; Thou hast set me at large [when I was] in distress: Have mercy upon me, and hear my prayer.

2O ye sons of men, how long shall my glory be turned into dishonor? [How long] will ye love vanity, and seek after falsehood? Selah

3But know that Jehovah hath set apart for himself him that is godly: Jehovah will hear when I call unto him.

4Stand in awe, and sin not: Commune with your own heart upon your bed, and be still. Selah

5Offer the sacrifices of righteousness, And put your trust in Jehovah.

6Many there are that say, Who will show us [any] good? Jehovah, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us.

7Thou hast put gladness in my heart, More than [they have] when their grain and their new wine are increased.

8In peace will I both lay me down and sleep; For thou, Jehovah, alone makest me dwell in safety. Psalm 5 For the Chief Musician; with the Nehiloth. A Psalm of David.

1For the music director, to be accompanied by stringed instruments; a psalm of David. When I call out, answer me, O God who vindicates me. Though I am hemmed in, you will lead me into a wide, open place. Have mercy on me and respond to my prayer.

2You men, how long will you try to turn my honor into shame? How long will you love what is worthless and search for what is deceptive? (Selah)

3Realize that the Lord shows the godly special favor; the Lord responds when I cry out to him.

4Tremble with fear and do not sin. Meditate as you lie in bed, and repent of your ways. (Selah)

5Offer the prescribed sacrifices and trust in the Lord.

6Many say, “Who can show us anything good?” Smile upon us, Lord!

7You make me happier than those who have abundant grain and wine.

8I will lie down and sleep peacefully, for you, Lord, make me safe and secure.

1Answer me when I call, God of my righteousness. Give me relief from my distress. Have mercy on me, and hear my prayer.

2You sons of men, how long shall my glory be turned into dishonor? Will you love vanity, and seek after falsehood? Selah.

3But know that Yahweh has set apart for himself him who is godly: Yahweh will hear when I call to him.

4Stand in awe, and don’t sin. Search your own heart on your bed, and be still. Selah.

5Offer the sacrifices of righteousness. Put your trust in Yahweh.

6Many say, “Who will show us any good?” Yahweh, let the light of your face shine on us.

7You have put gladness in my heart, more than when their grain and their new wine are increased.

8In peace I will both lay myself down and sleep, for you, Yahweh alone, make me live in safety.

Summary
Authorship & Background
Map & Geography
Videos
Reflection

Summary

An evening psalm of trust — David calls on God in distress, rebukes those who love vanity, and declares he will lie down in peace because the LORD alone makes him dwell in safety.

Authorship & Background

Author: Multiple authors — primarily David (73 psalms attributed), plus Asaph (12), Sons of Korah (11), Solomon (2), Moses (1), Heman (1), Ethan (1), and anonymous. The Psalter was compiled over approximately 1000 years and served as Israel's hymnal and prayer book. The book is divided into five 'books' (1-41, 42-72, 73-89, 90-106, 107-150), paralleling the five books of Moses. Key themes: worship, lament, praise, trust, kingship, creation, wisdom, Messianic prophecy, and the full range of human emotion brought before God.
Classification: Individual Lament / Evening Trust Psalm Attributed Author: David — "To the chief Musician on Neginoth, A Psalm of David" Key Themes: Prayer in distress, God's favor vs. worldly gain, joy that surpasses material prosperity, peaceful sleep, safety in God
Historical Context: Psalm 4 is the traditional "evening psalm," paired with Psalm 3 as a "morning psalm." The instruction "on Neginoth" (stringed instruments) indicates it was set to music for worship. The context appears similar to Psalm 3 — David facing opposition, possibly during Absalom's rebellion or another period of political crisis. The "sons of men" (v.2) may be influential leaders turning against David's honor. The psalm moves from urgent prayer to serene confidence, ending with one of Scripture's most beautiful expressions of trust: sleeping in safety because God alone is enough.
Structure:
  • Opening Prayer (v.1)
  • Address to Opponents (vv.2-3)
  • Instruction for the Troubled (vv.4-5)
  • Joy Greater Than Prosperity (vv.6-7)
  • Peaceful Rest in God (v.8)

Map & Geography

  • No specific geographic locations are referenced in this chapter.

Reflection

  • 1. God enlarges us IN distress, not just FROM distress (v.1). The relief is not always removal of the situation but expansion within it — room to breathe, think, and trust even while the pressure remains.
  • 2. Anger is not sin; unprocessed anger is (v.4). The permission to feel anger is also the command to handle it properly: take it to your bed, take it to silence, take it to God. Do not act from it, speak from it, or let it fester overnight.
  • 3. Joy from God exceeds joy from prosperity (v.7). Harvest time was the happiest season in the ancient world. David claims a joy GREATER than the best the world can offer. This is not anti-material — it is beyond-material.
  • 4. "Thou ONLY" — sufficiency theology (v.8). The word "only" (levadad) is the psalm's climax. Not God plus security measures. Not God plus favorable circumstances. God ALONE makes David dwell in safety. When everything else is stripped away, God alone remains — and He is enough.
  • 5. This psalm moves from petition to peace (vv.1→8). The journey of a single evening prayer: begin by crying out, work through the injustice, process the anger, offer right worship — and end in sleep. The psalm itself IS the process of finding rest.